Why are Indians unable to meet their iron, calcium and folate requirements?

Aug 30, 2024

By: BI India Bureau

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Lancet study

A recent Lancet study said that Indians are partaking inadequate amounts of micronutrients like iron, calcium and folate — all of which are critical for health. But why?

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​Dietary patterns

Traditional Indian diets often lack sufficient quantities of micronutrients. Vegetarianism, which is widely practiced in India, can sometimes contribute to these deficiencies.

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Folate deficiency

The insufficient intake of folate-rich foods like green leafy vegetables and liver causes this. Moreover, folate is sensitive to heat, and traditional cooking methods may destroy it.

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Iron absorption challenges

Although many Indian foods contain iron, the presence of inhibitors like phytates (found in grains and legumes) reduces iron absorption.

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Calcium deficiency

Despite India being a leading producer of milk, calcium deficiency is widespread. This is partly due to the low consumption of dairy products in certain regions.

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​Socioeconomic factors

Poverty, lack of education, and limited access to diverse foods are significant contributors to nutritional deficiencies.

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​Health conditions and gender disparities

Women have higher iron and folate requirements. However, cultural practices and gender biases often result in women having inadequate access to nutritious foods.

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Urbanisation and lifestyle changes

The shift towards urban living has led to increased consumption of processed and fast foods, which are typically low in essential nutrients. Sedentary lifestyles further compound the problem.

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​Public health challenges

While the government has implemented programs like the Mid-Day Meal Scheme and the Public Distribution System, these often focus more on caloric intake rather than nutrient density.

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Lack of awareness

Many people, especially in rural areas, are unaware of the importance of a balanced diet rich in iron, folate, and calcium. This lack of knowledge leads to poor dietary choices that do not meet nutritional needs.

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​Inadequate health services

Health services in India often focus on treating malnutrition and related conditions rather than preventing them through dietary interventions.

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