Assassinated Haitian president Jovenel Moïse's time in power was marred by waves of protests and demands for his resignation

• Haitian President Jovenel Moïse was assassinated in his home Wednesday.
• Moïse's presidency was marked by domestic unrest and repeated calls for his resignation.
• The prime minister said Wednesday that the perpetrators can't "assassinate his ideas."

Haitian President Jovenel Moïse, 53, was assassinated at his private residence by a group of unidentified assailants around 1 a.m Wednesday morning, and the first lady was wounded, according to an official statement.

Moïse was elected president in 2016 following an election mired in controversy and took office in February 2017. In his victory speech, he told a cheering crowd at a local hotel that "we will write a new page of history, one that is positive for this country, so future generations can be proud."

Haiti is among the poorest countries in the world and has struggled with insecurity, instability, and corruption. During Moïse's time as president, Haiti saw growing frustration with a worsening domestic situation and increased civil unrest.

Starting in summer 2018, Moïse began to face opposition over fuel shortages, inflation, rising crime, the misappropriation of development funding, and general corruption.

During his presidency, Moïse faced waves of anti-government protests.

Dissatisfaction with Haitian leadership stemmed in part from allegations that Moïse and other officials had pocketed millions of dollars in funds intended to be used to address domestic development challenges, but it was not the only problem.

Amid growing unrest, thousands of people gathered in the Haitian capital Port-au-Prince and other cities to protest against the government. Anti-government protests included fires and violent clashes with police.

As the protests ramped up and amid calls for his ouster, the president spoke out in February 2019, saying he would not step down. Moïse said that he "will not leave the country in the hands of armed gangs and drug traffickers."

Following the postponement of legislative elections, Moïse has been ruling by decree since January 2020 and pursuing changes to the constitution that would strengthen executive authority.

The proposed changes to the constitution, which would potentially undo efforts to weaken executive authority in response to abuses by past leaders, were unpopular and drew significant criticism.

Tensions have also been running high amid disputes over the president's term, with the opposition claiming that his time in office should have ended on February 7 and Moïse arguing that he still had another year.

"He is doing everything, utilizing all kinds of maneuvers, to hold onto power and to ensure that he remains the only person governing in the country," Gédéon Jean, a local lawyer and human rights leader, told The Miami Herald in January.

On February 7, Moïse announced that his administration had foiled a coup and assassination attempt and that 23 people had been arrested.

In the aftermath, Moïse moved to strengthen police presence in the capital city amid renewed protests and domestic unrest. He launched what was described as a "counter-coup" operation, bringing down officials who the opposition had elevated as potential replacements.

Opposition protesters claimed Moïse was attempting to establish a new dictatorship.

It remains unknown who killed Moïse and for what motivation, but Haitian Prime Minister Claude Joseph condemned the attack as "odious, inhumane, and barbarous," stating that while the president had been "cowardly assassinated," his enemies could not "assassinate his ideas."