Only 14 percent of Indian businesses are run by women, most self-financed

Richa Dubey's profession - running an online retail business that connects artisans with consumers - may not appear unusual for a modern Indian woman, but newly-released data indicate just how much women lag men.

No more than 14 per cent of business establishments in India are run by female entrepreneurs, according to the Sixth Economic Census by the National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO). There are 58.5 million businesses in India, of which 8.05 million are managed by women, employing over 13.48 million people. These enterprises range from corner shops to venture-funded startups.

India ranked 29th of 31 countries in the 2015 Global Women Entrepreneurs Leader report by ACG Inc, a consultancy, above only Pakistan and Bangladesh. With 17 points of a possible 100, India fared worse than countries such as Nigeria, Uganda and Ghana.

The report observed that in India and other low-ranked countries, unequal inheritance rights for women and and work restrictions limited their access to startup capital and collateral.

Indeed, Dubey's business is bootstrapped, or self-financed. It's been five years since Dubey launched 22.2 Accessories, which works with around 30 rural artisans and their families, selling the accessories they make for women.

"During my previous work with several fashion brands and travel in India, I realised that craftsmen and artisans in India do not earn their worth, unlike their counterparts in in developed nations," said Dubey. "They hardly get their due, which motivated me to start my own venture."

A native of Uttar Pradesh, Dubey, 36, runs her business from Bengaluru, a city that has developed a startup ecosystem that offers women substantial independence to give their ideas wing. The South is particularly hospitable for female entrepreneurs, the data reveal.

Southern states lead the way, social attitudes important

As many as 13.5 percent of female-run establishments (1.08 million) are based in Tamil Nadu, more than any other state, followed by Kerala (0.91 million) and Andhra Pradesh (0.56 million).

"I cannot imagine myself being an entrepreneur in UP," said Dubey of her home state. "It is much easier to be a woman entrepreneur in southern India compared to the Hindi heartland."

Her argument is buttressed by the favourable sex ratio in these states, indicating a correlation with a correlation with higher female entrepreneurship.

Most companies run by women are small-scale; 79 percent are self-financed

There are three major challenges faced by women entrepreneurs, said Devika Parashar, Director (Women Initiatives), Startup Leadership Program, a fellowship programme to create and nurture entrepreneurs:

* Having to work doubly hard to be taken seriously as an entrepreneur

* Lack of female mentors and role models

* Restrictive gender roles, revealed by funding patterns of investors and the 14 percent statistic

Dubey's company, with a team of six - managing administration and logistics - falls under the 83.19 percent of establishments that have at least one hired worker, indicating that most businesses run by women are small-scale.

As many as 79 percent of enterprises run by women are self-financed; only 4.4 percent have borrowed money from a financial institution or received or received assistance from the government.

Recently, YES Bank took a $50 million (Rs.325 crore) loan from the International Finance Corporation, to exclusively finance about 100,000 female-owned businesses.

Sixty percent of female entrepreneurs are from disadvantaged communities.

Image credit: Indiatimes