Carlf Zhang/Reuters
The transaction would have been worth about $45 billion.
Monsanto first approached Syngenta about a deal in June, and was rebuffed. The company then made a second improved offer on August 18 and offered a whopping $3 billion breakup fee to entice Syngenta into talks.
News of Monsanto's increased bid sent Syngenta shares up more than 7% earlier this week.
Monsanto shares rose about 5% in the immediate wake of reports that the deal had collapsed. Syngenta shares fell for more than 15% in late morning trading Wednesday.
Investors in Syngenta include institutional investors T. Rowe Price and Blackrock, along with hedge funds Raimus LLC and Steve Cohen's Point72.