Washington, DC
The city is offering up a number of sites to Amazon, including Buzzard Point, The Yards, and Poplar Point — all located on the Anacostia River waterfront, which is at risk from sea-level rise.
A 2016 study projects that sea levels outside DC could rise as much as six feet by the end of the century, which could affect the proposed HQ2 sites.
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Philadelphia officials pitched three unfinished developments — Schuylkill Yards, uCity Square, and Navy Yard — that span an estimated 28 million square feet, The Philadelphia Inquirer reported.
Climate Central has estimated that Philadelphia area waters could rise
19 inches by 2050 and 4 feet or more by 2100, putting nearly 2,000 homes and 3,200 residents at risk.
Boston, Massachusetts
In Boston's bid, the city recommended Suffolk Downs racetrack between East Boston and Revere, areas around downtown and the waterfront, the South End/Back Bay area, and the Allston/Brighton area. The first three areas are particularly prone to flooding from storm surges.
As you can see in the map above, Boston features several low-lying areas, making sea-level rise a concern. Earlier this year, two powerful winter storms sent waves surging through the streets.
According to The Boston Globe, city officials have started planning for the worst, driven by projections that water could submerge up to 30% of the city by 2100. Boston sea levels have increased nearly a foot since 1921, according to NOAA.
Newark, New Jersey
Newark has proposed seven sites to Amazon, according to Real Estate NJ. While much of the city appears to be safe from flooding, all of these sites are close to the Passaic River (pictured above in blue).
Some researchers expect Newark area water levels to rise over 4 feet by the end of the century.
New York City
New York has proposed various locations that collectively span over 26 million square feet in Midtown West, the Financial District, the Brooklyn Tech Triangle, and Long Island City.
But sea-level rise doesn't discriminate by borough in NYC. A child born today will likely see the waters surrounding the city to rise up to six feet higher in their lifetime, according to a 2015 report. Dangerous waves are also now 20 times more likely to overwhelm the Manhattan seawall than they were 170 years ago, according to a recent study.
"There's coastal real estate at risk, consequences to job creation, and the natural impact of climate on the lowest income residents in New York City and around the globe. People might have to move or migrate," Daniel Zarrilli, NYC's Chief Resilience Officer, previously told Business Insider. "It's pretty profound when you think about the types of economic impacts we'll see from that. And it will be disruptive."