3 jailbreaks in 3 countries reveal ongoing problems in fight against Latin America's most powerful gangs

While there is a narrative of criminal groups fragmenting, especially in Mexico, these events were caused by the opposite trend — a consolidation of power by large and dominant criminal organizations.

The Sinaloa Cartel in Mexico, MS-13 in Central America and First Capital Command (PCC) in Brazil are among the strongest organizations within the territories they operate and have worked to consolidate control. They use their control over prison systems as a location to recruit new criminals and unify divided criminal groups.

The PCC escape highlights that organization's expansion into Brazil's neighbors (see this excellent interview in InSight Crime about the organization). Both the Sinaloa Cartel and MS-13 have organizations and leadership that move people and illicit products relatively easily across Central America's borders.

That sort of transnational growth demonstrates that rule of law weaknesses in one country impact neighboring countries.

This is well known but worth highlighting as it represents a critical threat to the state. The ability for the groups involved in these prison escapes to bribe and otherwise corrupt security forces represents a threat to governments' abilities to improve security.

The fact these groups can often operate out of prison with impunity and escape when they decide prison has become too uncomfortable makes a mockery of the arrests and prosecutions that occur.

No politician in history has been elected on a promise of improving the conditions in prisons. There has been a multi-decade failure to reform prison systems to improve government control, reduce corruption and even provide more humane conditions for prisoners in order that they be rehabilitated.

The region needs to find a way to make spending money on reforming prisons politically palatable if it wants to retake control from the dominant groups that threaten the state. Without effective prison reform, the gains from other rule of law initiatives are put at risk.