Ivan Sekretarev (Associated Press)
Antonov, who has been appointed to the role by Russian President Vladimir Putin and replaces long-time ambassador Sergey Kislyak, takes over at a time when tensions are at an all-time high over Russia's alleged interference in the 2016 US presidential election.
Antonov is currently under Western sanctions in connection with his involvement with the deployment of Russian troops into Ukraine during the Crimea crisis in 2014.
Throughout more than 30 years working in Russia's Foreign Ministry, Antonov has earned a reputation as a "bull-terrier" and military-style man.
Here's what you need to know about the man that many expect to take a tough stance on Russia's relations with the West: