"The Lost Cause was a story former Confederates crafted to present their cause in the best possible light," Janney says.
That effort consisted of three basic tenets, according to Janney:
1. The South lost the Civil War due to superior Union resources and military power, not because of the decisions of military and political leaders like Lee and Confederate president Jefferson Davis. And certainly not because they were wrong.
2. Secession was constitutional.
3. Slavery was not the cause of the Civil War.
But while this ideology started early — promoted by former Confederate generals like Jubal Early — the statues didn't crop up right after the war.
Immediately after the Civil War, efforts to commemorate Confederate soldiers in the South focused on mourning and burying the dead.
Soon enough, however, "... public monuments became a central means of rewriting history from the Confederate perspective — 'righting history,' their patrons said," writes Cynthia Mills in "Monuments to the Lost Cause."
"They come in waves," Whittenburg said. "When there's a perceived threat to the South or within the South."
The Southern Policy Law Center's 2016 report on Confederate commemoration highlights this nicely. The peak of public Confederate iconography occurred in 1911 — 46 years after the end of the war, but only two years after the founding of the NAACP.
Other, less sharp spikes occurred after race riots in the 1920s and during the Civil Rights movement of the 1960s.
Whittenburg said the monuments tend to come from attempts by the political and business elite to "re-enforce or reinvigorate their claim to authority."
"They manipulate the memory through statues and other symbols," he added.
Lee, whose statue sparked the violence in Charlottesville, was personally not a proponent of Confederate memorials, according to ABC. Still, he is a popular subject of Confederate statues.
Whittenburg says that in the years after the war, Lee proved to be a powerful figure of reunification for white Southerners and white Northerners. But first, Lee had to be "cleansed of slavery and treason" in the public perception, according to Whittenburg.
So Lee's personal virtues and military prowess have been overemphasized, at best, and his connection to slavery has downplayed over time — despite his own status as a slave owner.
The cleansing worked.
"After he died, Lee was a hugely popular figure in the North as well as the South," Whittenburg said.