TikTok is full of videos of Russia's troop buildup, and these may even be aiding Putin's campaign to intimidate Ukraine

• Crowd-sourced videos posted on TikTok and Twitter show a view of military preparations in real time.
• Many videos come from citizens posting on social media about seeing tanks rolling along a highway.

The movements of Russia's troops and heavy weapons that would have been shrouded in secrecy decades before are all over TikTok and have been for weeks: Drivers filming tanks as they ride past on rail cars; passersby witnessing convoys of road-mobile missile launchers; bored troops killing time.

Crowd-sourced videos posted on TikTok and Twitter offer an unprecedented view of military preparations in real time as they often provide a faster warning of Russia's military movement than the government.

Rob Lee, a Russian defense-policy expert from the Department of War Studies at King's College, tweeted that "most of the changes in Russian military posture near Ukraine have been observable publicly on social media before it has been confirmed by US government officials." He mentioned one instance where intelligence experts on social media noticed some long-range artillery and rocket launchers being moved into an attack posture more than a week before US officials made the same announcement.

Taken together, the continual spotting of these developments can also induce a sense of foreboding about Russia's overwhelming military power that may play into President Vladimir Putin's campaign to intimidate Ukraine as it readies for a potential invasion.

Many of these videos come from everyday citizens posting on TikTok and Twitter about seeing tanks rolling along a highway or trains full of military equipment passing by.

—4emberlen (@4emberlen) February 15, 2022

Some videos have also been posted by Russian soldiers or their family and friends. In early January, commenters on TikTok said their husbands or brothers had left from training in Belarus, weeks before the announcement of joint Russian-Belarusian military exercises, Radio Free Europe reported.

—IgorGirkin (@GirkinGirkin) February 15, 2022

But Ukrainian officials have warned that videos like these do more to promote Russia's campaign to destabilize Ukraine by causing panic about a potential invasion.

Last month, Ukrainian officials said Russia was using cyber warfare "not only to intimidate society but to also destabilize the situation in Ukraine, halting the work of the public sector and crushing Ukrainians' trust in the authorities."

The Kremlin has amassed an estimated 130,000 troops in positions that surround Ukraine, from Belarus to its north to the Black Sea to the country's south, all the while denying plans to attack Ukraine.

Ukraine has sought to join NATO and is led by politicians who've sought deeper ties to Europe. The ouster of a pro-Russian president in 2014 preceded Putin's decision to invade Ukraine and annex Crimea, and it catalyzed Moscow's support for rebels in a war against Ukrainian forces in the eastern Donbas region that's killed over 13,000.

Many observers see this massive buildup and Putin's rhetoric, such as baselessly saying there's a genocide in these separatist areas, as part of a deliberate pressure campaign to bring Kyiv's leaders to heel, using force if necessary.

—Richard N. Haass (@RichardHaass) February 15, 2022