The Houthis couldn't have built their most dangerous weapons without help from Iran and others, UN experts find

• The Houthis possess a sizable arsenal of weapons, including missiles and drones.
• The Yemeni rebels couldn't have done that without foreign help, according to a new UN report.

The Houthi rebels couldn't have amassed their dangerous arsenal of weapons without extensive help from Iran and its proxy forces in the Middle East, according to a new report for the United Nations.

In the lengthy report, which was delivered to the UN Security Council last month, a panel of experts concluded that the Yemen-based Houthis have been receiving training, weapons, technical assistance, and financial support from Iran, Lebanese Hezbollah, and armed Iraqi groups.

The Houthis are behind a yearlong campaign targeting key merchant shipping lanes in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. They have launched more than 130 attacks — mainly using missiles and drones — against commercial and Western naval vessels.

The rebels have struck a number of commercial vessels during their campaign, sinking two of them and hijacking one (nearly a year later, its crew remains detained in Yemen). Four sailors have been killed so far as a result of the attacks.

The panel of experts said in their report that the Houthis have exploited the Israel-Hamas war in Gaza and, through their attacks, have tried to boost their status within Iran's so-called "axis of resistance," a band of proxy forces around the Middle East.

The Houthis held a military parade in September 2023, during which the group boasted a formidable arsenal of anti-ship missiles, ballistic and cruise missiles, surface-to-air missiles, aerial drones, naval drones, speedboats, surveillance systems, and mines.

However, the experts said that the Houthis do not have the ability to produce and develop complex weaponry like that without foreign assistance. They also said the rebels likely received external assistance in identifying, locating, and targeting commercial vessels since many of them turned off their automatic identification systems before they entered the area.

"The scale, nature and extent of transfers of diverse military materiel and technology provided to the Houthis from external sources, including financial support and training of its combatants, is unprecedented," the experts wrote in their report.

US naval forces have repeatedly intercepted vessels attempting to smuggle weapons from Iran to the Houthis illegally. One such mission in January resulted in the seizure of parts for ballistic and cruise missiles.

The Pentagon has kept a naval presence in and around the Red Sea throughout the Houthi campaign, during which American warships have routinely intercepted their missiles and drones. Additionally, US forces have carried out significant airstrikes against the rebels in Yemen.

The UN panel of experts said US and UK forces together have destroyed more than 800 Houthi missiles and drones and have taken out command posts, radars, and weapons storage facilities.