Prices are accurate at the time of publication.
- Menstrual cups are a reusable, low-waste alternative to tampons and pads.
- To use a menstrual cup, fold it and insert it into your vagina, where it will open and create a seal.
A menstrual cup is a small, rubbery cup that you insert in your vagina to catch period blood.
Menstrual cups are a reusable alternative to tampons and pads and have become popular because they're environmentally friendly and can save you money over time.
Using menstrual cups can be challenging at first, so you may need to try different techniques to make it work for you.
Here's how to use a menstrual cup and some tips to help you get started.
What is a menstrual cup?
A menstrual cup works by acting as a plug for your vagina, stopping any menstrual fluid from leaking out. It does this by creating a seal around the inside of your vagina and collecting blood inside the cup.
Menstrual cups are usually made of silicone or rubber and are flexible enough that you can fold them. You can find menstrual cups over the counter at most pharmacies.
Here's how to pick the cup that's best for you:
Menstrual cups often come in two sizes — a smaller size recommended for people who have never given birth, and a larger size that may fit better for people who have given birth. However, if you feel that you need an even smaller size or a size somewhere in the middle, many brands have a wider range of sizes available online.
"Menstrual cups can be a game-changer for some and a no go for others," says Dweck. You will likely need to try out a menstrual cup to see if you're comfortable using one.
Important: If you have an IUD, there may be a risk of it becoming dislodged when you remove your menstrual cup. A 2020 study found a higher-than-expected expulsion rate among menstrual cup users with copper IUDs.
How to insert a menstrual cup
It may take some practice to get the hang of inserting and removing a menstrual cup. Here are the basic steps for inserting your menstrual cup:
1. Make sure your hands and the cup are clean. "For first use and between cycles, I recommend boiling silicone cups," Dweck says. Check the manufacturer's instructions to make sure your cup can be boiled. If not, you can wash it with soap and water, Dweck says.
2. Consider lubricant. If your vagina feels dry, you may want to coat the cup with lubricant to make it easier to slide in. Try not to overdo it though, as this can also make the cup slippery and hard to hold onto.
3. Fold the cup. This can be trickier than it sounds. "Try various folding techniques to find what you like best," Dweck says.
4. Relax your body. Before inserting the cup, take a few deep breaths and try to relax your muscles. Get in a position that is comfortable for you. That may be a seated position on the toilet, a standing squat, or a standing position with one leg propped on the toilet.
5. Insert the cup. Place it deep enough that no part of the cup is sticking out of your vagina, but not so deep that you can't get a hold on the stem at the bottom. As a general rule, the bottom of the stem should be no more than half an inch from the opening of your vagina. You'll know if you inserted the menstrual cup properly if you hear a suction sound, which indicates that the cup has opened. You can also feel around the edges of the cup to make sure there are no folds or gaps.
6. Rotate the cup. If you aren't sure if the cup has opened inside your vagina, try rotating the cup to help it open and create a seal.
You can keep a menstrual cup in for up to 12 hours, depending on how heavy your flow is.
Important: The way most menstrual cups are designed, having penetrative sex may cause discomfort, leakage, or problems removing the cup. However, several brands have designed menstrual cups or discs — such as Intimina's Ziggy Cup — that can be worn during penetrative sex.
Menstrual cup folds
There are several ways to fold a menstrual cup for easy insertion. Here are some of the simplest methods:
'C' fold
Also called a 'U' fold, you can try this simple fold by first flattening the cup, then folding it in half so that the top resembles the letters 'C' or 'U'.
Punchdown fold
This is a good fold for beginners, since it makes the top of the cup smaller. While holding the cup, use your finger to push one side inward and down toward the base. Then, pinch the sides together.
7 fold
Another good beginner fold is the 7 fold. Flatten the cup, then fold one corner of the cup in, as if you're folding it in half. Instead of allowing the two corners to meet, bring the fold down halfway, toward the stem of the cup.
How to remove a menstrual cup
When it's time to empty your menstrual cup, follow these steps to remove it:
1. Wash your hands. It's important that your hands are clean before making contact with your vagina and handling the menstrual cup.
2. Find the cup. Pull gently on the stem of the cup until you can get a comfortable hold on the bottom of the cup. It may help to bear down, or contract your abdominal muscles to push the cup further down.
3. Break the seal. Pinch the cup inward to break the seal inside your vagina.
4. Remove the cup gently. Pull the cup gently out of your vagina, tilting it slightly backward to avoid spilling any liquid.
5. Dispose of the contents. Empty the cup into the toilet.
6. Clean the cup. Wash the cup with unscented soap and water before putting it back into your vagina.
How to clean a menstrual cup
During your menstrual cycle, you should always wash your menstrual cup with soap and water before re-inserting it.
In between cycles, you should boil your menstrual cup or clean it according to the manufacturer's instructions. Make sure the cup is completely dry before you put it away.
"You should store it in the case or bag it comes with," Dweck says, and avoid using airtight containers, as this can encourage the growth of bacteria.
Benefits of menstrual cups
You may need to try it out before deciding if a menstrual cup is for you, but there are several important benefits of menstrual cups, Dweck says.
- Understanding your flow. "Menstrual cups collect blood rather than absorb it," Dweck says, which gives you more information about how light or heavy your flow is. This can be helpful to observe any changes in your period that could signal a medical issue. For example, if your
periods suddenly become much heavier, it could be a sign of fibroid growths in your uterus. - Saving money. Because many menstrual cups can last for up to 10 years, "cost savings over time can be immense when compared to tampons or pads," Dweck says.
- Reducing the risk of irritation. Tampons contain trace amounts of chemicals that can be irritating to people who are particularly sensitive. Menstrual cups are generally made from medical-grade silicone, which is very unlikely to cause irritation.
Best menstrual cups
If you are new to menstrual cups, they can seem intimidating, but our guide to the best menstrual cups offers options for all user levels and budgets.
- Best overall: Lena Cup, $24.90, available on Amazon
- Best budget: Lily Cup, $16, available on Amazon
- Best for beginners: Flex Cup Starter Kit, $34.97, available on Amazon
- Best for sensitive users: Saalt Cup, $28.99, available on Amazon
Insider's takeaway
Using a menstrual cup can be tricky at first, but it can offer a lot of benefits in the long term.
The biggest learning curve comes with inserting and removing the menstrual cup. Relaxing your body and trying different folds during insertion can help.
If you aren't sure if a cup is right for you or don't know how to choose a cup, ask your doctor for more guidance.