Gap's tale of 2 brands shows that Americans are strapped for cash

A disparity between two brands owned by Gap Inc. shows that American consumers are feeling strapped for cash.

Gap is closing a quarter of its namesake brand stores as sales decline. Meanwhile, Old Navy's sales are thriving.

The company's namesake Gap stores and its Old Navy brand target two different groups of consumers. Gap uses trendy ad campaigns to attract cool, trend-conscious shoppers. Old Navy sells to value-seeking families.

The company blames supply-chain issues and off-trend fashions for the decline at Gap stores.

But the economy also seems like a likely factor.

Old Navy's prices are much lower than those at Gap or Banana Republic, the company's higher-end label. A pair of Gap men's jeans retails at $69.95, while the Old Navy version costs $29.94.

American consumers are moving away from brand names in favor of value, a trend that is also hurting retailers like Macy's, JCPenney, and Target.

Macy's CFO Karen Hoguet told analysts that consumers today have priorities other than clothing and housewares.

"Shoppers are spending more of their disposable dollars on categories we don't sell, like cars, healthcare, electronics and home improvement," Hoguet said in a recent call with investors.

Macy's and Target have both reported disappointing sales recently.

While lower gas prices means Americans theoretically have more disposable income, they aren't choosing to spend it on clothing at middle-market retailers, industry expert Robin Lewis writes on his blog.

It's also possible that Americans have come to expect promotions on items like clothing, and would rather invest in other categories.

"With coupons, discounts, loyalty points and gifts-with-purchase more the rule than the exception today, consumers are spending less because they can," Lewis writes.

Many Americans are watching their spending despite lower gas prices, writes Lindsey Piegza, chief economist at Sterne Agee.

"Consumers are increasingly familiar with energy price reprieve from summer gas prices and no longer adjust their long-term spending habits as much, or at all, based on short-term price fluctuations," Piegza writes.

And while gas prices are lower, the benefit is offset by higher housing and utility costs, according to Piegza.

Health insurance premiums have increased between 39% and 56% since early 2013, meaning additional costs of $230 per month for the average family.

The lackluster job market is also contributing to poor sales at middle-market retailers, Piegza writes.

"With uncertainty lingering and patience wearing thin after five-plus years of still lackluster wage growth, consumers are increasing saving for the future, hedging against a continuation of 'more of the same,'" Piegza said.