The rise and fall of FTX's Sam Bankman-Fried, who became a crypto billionaire in just 4 years and lost most of his wealth in a single day

• Sam Bankman-Fried catapulted into a crypto billionaire in a matter of four years.
• He's the co-founder of FTX, a cryptocurrency exchange, and Alameda Research, a trading firm.

The world can turn upside down within a week.

Last Tuesday, Sam Bankman-Fried was a 30 year-old with a mop of brown hair and enough clout to go by his initials, SBF. He had a cryptocurrency exchange called FTX, a trading firm called Alameda Research, and $15.6 billion to his name, according to estimates from Bloomberg.

He had catapulted into one of the biggest names in crypto in a matter of four years and was setting his sights on mainstream finance.

Now, he's left with just $1 billion and his initials.

The collapse of Bankman-Fried's fortune has loomed for months. Reports have been circulating this year that FTX was on a "shaky financial foundations" amidst larger instabilities the global crypto market, according to The New York Times.

Here's how SBF went from crypto's poster child to its greatest cautionary tale:

Bankman-Fried grew up in Silicon Valley as the son of two Stanford Law professors.

turtix/Shutterstock

He spent his childhood playing games like chess and bridge. His brother, Gabe, told Insider, "playing games growing up, his inclination is if a board game is fun, you should play two simultaneous games at once with a timer."

A chess board      Getty Images

Source: Insider

Bankman-Fried studied physics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he juggled several extracurriculars alongside his academics. "I worked like an hour and a half a day in total and had trouble getting places on time," Bankman-Fried told Insider. "I was a really negligent student."

Getty / Education Images

Source: Insider

During college, Bankman-Fried began honing his moral compass. He became especially interested in effective altruism, a philosophical movement that uses calculations to understand how people can use their time, money, and resources to best help others.

Orbon Alija/ Getty Images

After college, Bankman-Fried went to work for the global trading firm, Jane Street. That's where he learned the art of arbitrage— a form of trading in which traders buy an asset for a low price in one market and sell it for higher in another market.

Photo by Alex Wong/Getty Images

During his three years at Jane Street, Bankman-Fried would give away half of his salary to animal-welfare groups and effective altruism charities, according to Bloomberg. He left to work for MacAskill's Centre for Effective Altruism, set up by William MacAskill, one of the leaders of the effective altruism movement.

Catherine Falls Commercial/ Getty Images

By 2017, crypto was booming, and people were trading on private exchanges. Bankman-Fried noticed that some coins were selling for higher prices on some exchanges than others. He realized he could use his arbitrage skills to exploit the gaps in prices.

The gap in bitcoin prices between Asian and Western exchanges eventually became known as the Kimchi Premium.      Gontabunta/Shutterstock

By October of 2017, Bankman-Fried had set up his own crypto trading firm, Alameda Research, in Berkeley, California. His Alameda colleagues told Insider that he was adept at finding ways to move faster than other traders.

FTX

Source: Insider

At its peak, Alameda was moving almost $15 million a day between markets, according to Bloomberg. Bankman-Fried soon earned the nickname "the Moby Dick of crypto whales" for the waves he was making in the crypto industry.

EyesWideOpen/Getty Images

In 2018, he abruptly moved Alameda's team to Hong Kong, after realizing how lax the rules were compared to the United States. "I think we're losing $50,000 a day by not working out of Hong Kong instead of Berkeley," one of his colleagues who spoke to Insider recalled him saying.

Victoria harbour, Hong Kong      Fei Yang/Getty Images

Source: Insider

As Bankman-Fried continued to rack up money from trading, his ambitions grew, too. He began entertaining thoughts of building an alternative to what he called the "shitshow exchanges" he was trading in between the years of 2017 and 2018.

FTX Official/YouTube

By the start of 2019, Bankman-Fried and his team were fervently working towards building their own crypto exchange. After four months coding, they launched FTX in May.

Maskot

FTX was a win. The platform boasted cost-effective features like low-trading fees and offered several types of coins for traders to bet on. FTX even allowed traders to swap cash as collateral for coins.

FTX

In 2020, Bankman-Fried also opened a small US branch of FTX. He had designs of eventually taking a major slice of the U.S. crypto market and began lobbying Congress for new crypto rules a few times a year. He's also donated millions to pro-crypto super PAC, GMI PAC, according to Politico.

Tom Williams/Getty Images

In September 2021, Bankman-Fried decided to move FTX's operations to the Bahamas. It was just a flight away from Miami, but the platform could still operate outside of the SEC's purview.

Damianos Sotheby’s International Realty

FTX only takes a minor cut of every trade, but by 2020, an average of $1 billion was being traded daily on the platform, according to Bloomberg. In 2021 alone, Bankman-Fried raked in a profit of $350 million from FTX, and another $1 billion from Alameda, according to Bloomberg.

Rafael Henrique/SOPA Images/LightRocket via Getty Images

Major investors like SoftBank Vision Fund, Tiger Global, Sequoia Capital, and BlackRock placed bets on FTX in funding rounds. By early 2022, FTX and its U.S. operations were valued by investors at a combined $40 billion, according to Forbes.

Issei Kato/Reuters

At his peak, Bankman-Fried's own net worth was $26 billion, according to Bloomberg.

FTX

He's allocated that wealth towards sponsorships, funding political leaders, and furthering his moral agenda.

SALT NY

He suddenly emerged as a major political donor in 2020 and spent over $10 million backing Joe Biden's presidential campaign, according to Politico. But Bankman-Fried actually made his political first donation back in 2010 to Democratic Senator Michael Bennet of Colorado, Politico reported.

AP Photo/Matt Slocum, File

He spent over $40 million on campaigns in 2022, according to Federal Election Committee filings reviewed by Politico.

Hill Street Studios/Getty Images

He's made donations on both sides of the political aisle though the majority of his funding has skewed towards Democratic leaders. The Los Angeles Times reported that Bankman-Fried has given $1 million to the Senate Majority PAC and $6 million to the House Majority PAC— two super PACs that are dedicated to keeping Congress in the hands of Democrats. He also funded Protect Our Future, a Super PAC that focuses exclusively on Democratic House primaries, according to Politico.

OsakaWayne Studios/ Getty Images

He's made COVID-19 prevention a top issue as the principle funder of Guarding Against Pandemics, a nonprofit run by his brother Gabe, according to Politico.

A fundraiser for Guarding Against Pandemics.      Bryan Metzger/Insider

Bankman-Fried has said his donations are about furthering his larger belief in effective altruism. He told Bloomberg that he would eventually only keep 1% of his income or a minimum of $100,000 a year.

Lam Yik/Bloomberg via Getty Images

His simple lifestyle, too, follows the ideas of effective altruism. He drives a Toyota Corolla, lives with roommates, and is vegan.

The 2020 Toyota Corolla.      Paul Marotta/Getty Images

At the same time, he's funneled money into flashy corporate sponsorships. His most notable is acquiring naming rights for the Miami Heat's arena which will cost him about $135 million over 19 years, according to Bloomberg.

Mike Ehrmann/Getty Images

He also spent about $30 million airing an ad in the 2022 Super Bowl with the comedian Larry David, according to Bloomberg.

FTX commercial starring Larry David      FTX

Through FTX, Bankman-Fried has also forged deals with major basketball teams like the Washington Wizards and Golden State Warriors. FTX has also struck deals with individual athletes like basketball player Steph Curry and quarterback Tom Brady.

Steph Curry in FTX commercial      FTX

Bankman-Fried seemed unstoppable— until he wasn't. In early November, the crypto publication CoinDesk reported a leaked balance sheet that showed that Alameda Research was on unstable grounds.

OLIVIER DOULIERY/AFP via Getty Images

The report revealed that most of Alameda's assets were tied up in FTX's in-house token, FTT. With the broader crypto market already reeling, traders began worrying about a sudden drop in the value of FTT.

SOPA Images / Contributor/ Getty Images

Changpeng Zhao, who runs Binance, FTX's rival exchange, announced shortly after that Binance would be selling its holdings of FTT. With that traders across the board began rushing to withdraw their own holdings off of FTX's platform. Bankman-Fried had no choice but to ask Binance to bail FTX out.

Antonio Masiello/Getty Images

By Wednesday, Binance had walked away from the deal. Bankman-Fried's own assets have dropped 94% and his net worth plummeted to around $1 billion, according to Bloomberg. It's likely that FTX's own customers are going to pay for the fallout.

Horacio Villalobos/CorbisAlex Wong/Getty Images