Flames leapt out of windows toward the top of the Sulafa tower in the upscale Marina district, and 10 to 15 storeys appeared to have been charred.
Burning debris floated toward the ground and firefighters approached the site with sirens blaring.
In March, a fire broke out at a residential tower in the nearby Emirate of Ajman.
On New Year's Eve, a blaze hit a landmark downtown hotel in Dubai; in February last year, fire broke out at a 79-storey hotel in Dubai, and in November 2012, a 34-storey Dubai residential building was partially gutted.
In some of those cases, experts said the flames may have been encouraged to spread by flammable exterior cladding, used for decoration or insulation.
The UAE revised its building safety code in 2013 to require that cladding on all new buildings over 15 meters (50 feet) tall be fire-resistant, but older buildings are exempt.
Twitter users have posted videos of the blaze, and debris falling off the building:
#BREAKING: ???? A fire has broken out in #Sulafa Tower #DubaiMarina.
Debris is seen falling. #Dubai
v @MEChannelLivepic.twitter.com/0o4KH9ZpsC
- Silver Surfer (@RobPulseNews) July 20, 2016
Looks like the Dubai Markina Sulafa fire has affected more than 30 floors. Hope everyone has evacuated OK! pic.twitter.com/wk7BeEP540
- Kiera Doherty ? ???? (@kikipigeon) July 20, 2016
However, the Dubai Media Office reports that there have been no casualties, and ample ambulances appear to be on the scene:
Dubai Civil Defense says no casualties reported at Sulafa Tower. Firefighters still working on containing the fire
- Dubai Media Office (@DXBMediaOffice) July 20, 2016
Residents evacuated from fire in #Sulafa tower by #Dubai ambulance sit on the side of the road @7DAYSUAE pic.twitter.com/DNnXPCyWaq
- Shoshana Kedem (@B_shosh) July 20, 2016