Amazon's entry into RTB is huge because it puts the company in direct competition with Google and Facebook, who operate their own RTB ad targeting services. Facebook's exchange, called FBX, is expected by some to generate $1 billion in annual revenue. Amazon's exchange has the potential advantage of allowing advertisers to target people on whom Amazon has a huge amount of historic purchase data -- which is often the gold standard for advertisers.
Now a report in MIT Technology Review estimates that the size of Amazon's ad business is already $500 million a year:
... compared to Google and Facebook,
"Relatively small and low-key"? Hmm.
A half-billion dollar revenue base after less than a year in business looks a bit more exciting than that.
Disclosure: Jeff Bezos is an investor in Business Insider through his personal investment company Bezos Expeditions.