Since 2015, Russian airstrikes in Syria have taken out many ISIS fighters — although their numbers are often exaggerated — but they have also killed thousands of civilians.
The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights reported that between September 2015 and March 2016 alone, Russian airstrikes had killed about 5,800 civilians.
Since at least April, Syria's Idlib province as well as the city of Deir ez-Zor have been hit badly
A number of monitoring groups have even accused Russia of deliberately targeting hospitals and civilians, but Moscow barely acknowledges the civilian deaths and often denies it.
US-led coalition air strikes have killed many civilians too. The US often admits to responsibility in those deaths, though its figures are often smaller than what monitoring groups report.
Monitoring group Airwars reported in July that US-led coalition airstrikes had killed at least 4,354 Syrian civilians between August 2014 and May 2017, but the US-led coalition only admitted to about 600.