Vladimir Potanin is the richest person in Russia, worth, according to Bloomberg, an estimated $22 billion.
The 58-year-old businessman is the president of Norilsk Nickel, the world's largest producer of refined nickel.
Potanin owns 34.6% of Norilsk Nickel, which brought in $11.7 billion of revenue in 2018.
Norilsk Nickel is responsible for almost 22% of the world's high-grade nickel production and about 40% of its palladium.
Potanin has made more than $4 billion in dividends from the company as of January 2018, according to Bloomberg.
In addition to his wealth in the metals industry, Potanin also controls Russian pharmaceutical company NPO Petrovax Pharm and has a sizable real-estate portfolio.
He reportedly owns office spaces, hotel property in Moscow, land in central Russia, and a country club in the Moscow region.
Born in Moscow in 1961, Potanin was the son of a diplomat and a doctor. He studied international relations and then went on to spend eight years working at the Soviet Ministry of Foreign Trade.
In 1990, Potanin formed Interros Foreign Trade Association, a conglomerate that now holds stakes in industries including metals and mining, real estate, sports and tourism, and pharmaceuticals.
When he was 30, Potanin met Mikhail Prokhorov, who would become his future business partner. The pair founded the International Company for Finance & Investments and then Onexim Bank, which became Russia's largest private bank at the time.
Potanin became president of the bank in 1992, at age 32.
In 1996, not long after Boris Yeltsin was re-elected president of Russia, Potanin was appointed first deputy prime minister in charge of energy and economy.
While working at the Ministry of Foreign Trade, Potanin masterminded Russia's "loans-for-shares" programs, where wealthy entrepreneurs and banks loaned money to the Russian government in the 1990s in exchange for equity in the country's natural resource companies.
The government often could not repay these loans, leaving many of the natural resource companies in the hands of wealthy individuals.
It was through this program that Potanin acquired Norilsk Nickel, which would go on to make him the richest man in Russia.
In fact, the loans-for-shares program created many of today's wealthiest Russian oligarchs such as Roman Abramovic, who's worth about $16 billion today and also holds shares in Norilsk Nickel.
Yeltsin is not the only Russian president Potanin has rubbed shoulders with. The billionaire has also had close ties to the Kremlin under Vladimir Putin and Dmitry Medvedev.
He's been photographed at various events with Putin dating back to at least 2000.
Potanin is on the infamous "Putin list," the nickname for a document released by the US Treasury Department listing names of 210 prominent Russians who have close ties to Russian president Vladimir Putin.
The list, released in early 2018, named individuals and companies that the administration was deciding whether or not to sanction with legislation meant to punish Russia for interfering in the 2016 US presidential election, as well as its annexation of Crimea, military operations in eastern Ukraine, and human rights violations, CNN reported.
Potanin also met on several occasions with former president Dmitry Medvedev, who is now the Prime Minister of Russia.
Medvedev was president from 2008 to 2012 and then supported Vladimir Putin in his re-election campaign. Putin named Medvedev prime minister soon after he was sworn in as president.
Potanin was one of several Russian billionaires who chipped in to fund the 2014 Olympics in Sochi. According to Forbes, he invested $2.5 billion for a ski resort and other facilities.
He built a ski resort in Sochi with nearly 50 miles of trails, a freestyle ski center, a snowboard park, one of the two Olympic Villages, and the Russian Olympic University, Forbes reported.
Like other Russian oligarchs, Potanin is a collector of luxury yachts. The Russian billionaire bought the 70-foot yacht Anastasia in 2008, and sold it for about $84 million in 2018.
Anastasia was first listed for 125 million euros, or about $140 million, in 2012 when Potanin was delivered his new yacht, Nirvana.
According to Forbes, Anastasia and Nirvana were among a series of three yachts that Potanin had built at Oceanco in the Netherlands.
The 289-foot Nirvana yacht includes a 10-foot-deep plunge pool and a helipad.
The boat has six decks which are connected by a main stairwell as well as a glass elevator.
Potanin put the Nirvana up for sale around the same time he first put Anastasia on the market in 2012, but it's unclear whether the billionaire has sold Nirvana.
In 2018, a new 289-foot yacht called Barbara was delivered to Potanin, according to Yacht Harbour.
Another of the billionaire's hobbies is ice hockey. Potanin plays at least twice per week, owns his own private rink, and sometimes plays with Putin, he said in a 2018 Financial Times interview.
When asked who was the better player, Potanin simply said, "I am younger."
Potanin was married to Natalia Potanina for 30 years until they divorced in 2014 amid a public dispute over the distribution of the billionaire's wealth.
Potanina told Business Insider in a 2014 interview that she was seeking half of Potanin's $15 billion fortune at the time of their divorce.
The Russian Legal Information Agency later reported that Potanina received $6.8 million for her share of the luxury apartment the couple shared in Moscow (which Potanin kept) and three plots of land in the Moscow region.
As Business Insider previously reported, he married a woman named Ekaterina in 2014.
The couple reportedly has a child together.
Potanin has three children from his first marriage. His oldest daughter, Anastasia, was once a Russian aquabike champion and now owns an art gallery in Moscow.
She married a ballroom dance teacher in the South of France in 2018. Potanin reportedly spent $10 million on her wedding, which took place at a luxury hotel on the French Riviera. The billionaire arranged transfers on private jets and paid for guests to stay at the five-star Hotel du Cap-Eden-Roc in Antibes.
Potanin said in 2010 that he would donate most of his fortune to charity instead of giving it to his five children. Part of his motive was to "help my children avoid the pressure of billions," he said.
Potanin has become known for his philanthropic endeavors. In 1999, he created the Vladimir Potanin Foundation, "a non-profit charity with a mandate for implementing socially significant long-term educational and cultural projects in Russia," according to his biography on Norilsk Nickel's website.
He's also a trustee of the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation in New York.
And in 2016, he donated 250 works of Russian and Soviet art to the Pompidou Center in Paris, which resulted in him being awarded the French Legion of Honor the next year.
In 2013, Potanin joined The Giving Pledge, a global charity organization started in 2010 by Bill and Melinda Gates and Warren Buffett.
"I genuinely believe that wealth should work for public good and, therefore, I am trying to make my own contribution toward a better world, especially toward a better future for my own country, Russia," Potanin wrote on The Giving Pledge's website.
Potanin's fortune has grown by about $4 billion in the past year, according to Bloomberg. In April 2018, he lost $2.25 billion in a single day after President Donald Trump announced new sanctions on Russia.
Some of Russia's top billionaires lost an estimated $16 billion on that day.