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<ul class="summary-list"><li>A Tacoma woman accused of refusing tuberculosis treatment was arrested in Washington state.</li><li>The local health department said she was ordered to isolate in January 2022. </li></ul><p>A woman in Washington state was arrested after being accused of not treating an infectious tuberculosis diagnosis for more than a year, local officials said.</p><p>The Tacoma woman — who has not been publicly identified but is referred to as "V.N." in court documents as <a href="https://www.insider.com/woman-with-tuberculosis-on-the-run-refusing-treatment-isolation-2023-4">previously reported on by Insider</a> — was booked into Pierce County Jail on Thursday and is being housed in a room "specially equipped for isolation, testing, and treatment," <a href="https://www.tpchd.org/Home/Components/Blog/Blog/32629/333">the Tacoma-Pierce County Health Department said in a statement.</a></p><p>"We are hopeful she will choose to get the life-saving treatment she needs to treat her tuberculosis," the statement said.</p><p>Tuberculosis is an illness that primarily affects a person's lungs. <a href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tuberculosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351250" target="_blank" rel="noopener">According to the Mayo Clinic</a>, it can spread by spending extended time with an infected person or in crowded conditions.</p><p>The <a href="https://www.thenewstribune.com/news/local/article272052557.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Tacoma News Tribune</a> reported the Tacoma-Pierce County Health Department first ordered the woman to isolate on January 18, 2022. According to court filings obtained by the News-Tribune, the woman started tuberculosis treatment but didn't complete her full medication regimen.</p><p>Since then, the woman has refused treatment and declined to remain in isolation, the local health department said. A judge issued <a href="https://linxonline.co.pierce.wa.us/linxweb/Case/CivilCase.cfm?cause_num=22-2-04242-2">a civil arrest warrant</a> for the woman in March.</p><p>It's unclear if the woman has started tuberculosis treatment since being arrested. Neither the Tacoma-Pierce County Health Department nor the Pierce County Sheriff's Office immediately responded to Insider's requests for comment.</p><p><a href="https://www.lung.org/blog/tuberculosis-tb-today#:~:text=According%20to%20the%20CDC%2C%20there,potentially%20deadly%20disease%20to%20others." target="_blank" rel="noopener">According to the American Lung Association,</a> tuberculosis is considered "largely controlled" in the United States. Still, <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/thinktesttreattb/index.html">the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates</a> that around 13 million people in the United States live with inactive tuberculosis. At some point, one in 10 could become active with the disease.</p><p><a href="https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2023/01/climate-change-is-adding-to-a-growing-infectious-disease-burden-our-healthcare-systems-need-coordinated-action-now/">The World Economic Forum said in January</a> that tuberculosis is a climate-sensitive disease, and climate change could affect its transmission, partly due to population displacement.</p>

A woman who refused tuberculosis treatment for more than a year was arrested in Washington state, local officials say

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Geronimo, the beloved <keyword id="11909827" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="alpaca" source="Orion">alpaca</keyword> that became a British sensation, might not have been sick.</li><li>New reports show conflicting information between the <keyword id="11909828" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="uk-government" source="Orion">UK government</keyword> and the alpaca's owner.</li><li>Geronimo was killed in August after twice testing positive for bovine tuberculosis.</li></ul><p>Geronimo, the beloved alpaca that was killed last month by the UK government after twice testing positive for bovine tuberculosis, might not have been sick, according to multiple reports.</p><p>A government post-mortem examination of Geronimo found evidence of the disease, which is highly infectious and <a href="https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/994072/bovinetb-england-quarterlyoverview-16jun21.pdf">leads to the slaughter of thousands of livestock in the UK</a> each year, the <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-bristol-58490510">BBC</a> reported on Wednesday.</p><p>"A number of TB-like lesions were found and in line with standard practice these are now undergoing further investigation," the government's chief veterinary officer Christine Middlemiss said in a statement.</p><p>But vets working with Geronimo's owner Helen Macdonald, who owns the farm near Bristol, said there was no evidence of bovine tuberculosis, according to reports.</p><p>Vets supporting Macdonald reviewed the early findings of the post-mortem, sent by the UK's Government Legal Department, and found no evidence of the disease, <a href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/09/08/geronimos-post-mortem-fails-confirm-bovine-tb/?utm_content=telegraph&amp;utm_medium=Social&amp;utm_campaign=Echobox&amp;utm_source=Twitter#Echobox=1631104630x=1631104630">The Telegraph reported</a>.</p><p>"As reviewed by Dr Iain McGill and Dr Bob Broadbent, the preliminary gross post-mortem findings are negative for visible lesions typical of Bovine Tuberculosis," the lawyers said in a statement.</p><p>Macdonald requested the full findings of the post-mortem, including preserved fluid and tissue samples, and will pursue her own independent testing, <a href="https://news.sky.com/story/geronimo-the-alpaca-did-not-have-tb-owner-claims-as-chief-veterinary-officer-insists-post-mortem-showed-tb-like-lesions-12402190">Sky News</a> reported.</p><p>Geronimo was <a href="https://www.insider.com/geronimo-sick-alpaca-killed-by-uk-health-officials-2021-8">condemned to death</a> earlier this year after the positive tests, leading to a saga that featured legal battles and protests attempting to save the animal's life.</p><p>In August, Macdonald tried and failed in court to halt the killing, and was told she had one day to kill the animal herself. When she didn't do that, the UK's Department of Food, Environment, and Rural Affairs gave a warrant for executioners to enter Macdonald's farm sometime before September 4 to look for Geronimo. They ultimately killed the alpaca on August 31.</p>

Geronimo the alpaca, who UK health officials killed thinking he had bovine tuberculosis, might not have been sick

<ul class="summary-list"><li>A sailor aboard the US <keyword id="42407" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="Navy">Navy</keyword> <keyword id="42406" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="aircraft-carrier">aircraft carrier</keyword> <keyword id="2479263" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="uss-theodore-roosevelt">USS Theodore Roosevelt</keyword> has been diagnosed with <keyword id="80490" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</keyword>, <a href="https://www.politico.com/news/2020/05/16/uss-theodore-roosevelt-sailors-test-positive-coronavirus-261873">Politico reported</a>, citing a statement from Pacific Fleet.</li><li>The Theodore Roosevelt has been battling a <keyword id="1754604" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="coronavirus">coronavirus</keyword> outbreak that saw more than 1,000 sailors test positive for <keyword id="8763838" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="covid-19">COVID-19</keyword>, the disease caused by the virus.</li><li>After most of the crew was evacuated ashore, thousands of sailors have started to return to the ship. But, the Navy reports that a number of sailors who were cleared to get back on after testing negative twice have retested positive for COVID-19.</li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/?hprecirc-bullet">Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories</a>.</li></ul><p>The US Navy reports that the aircraft carrier USS Theodore Roosevelt, which was sidelined by a severe coronavirus outbreak, has had a sailor diagnosed with tuberculosis, another infectious disease.</p><p>"In the course of the ship's rigorous infection surveillance, a single active case of TB was identified and diagnosed," Pacific Fleet spokesman Cmdr. Myers Vasquez <a href="https://www.politico.com/news/2020/05/16/uss-theodore-roosevelt-sailors-test-positive-coronavirus-261873">told Politico</a>. "The individual has been removed from the ship, isolated, and will remain under the direct care of the naval health system until cleared by doctors."</p><p>Unlike the coronavirus, tuberculosis is a bacterial infection, but like the virus that crippled the USS Theodore Roosevelt, it can have a devastating effect on the lungs.</p><p>A coronavirus outbreak aboard the aircraft carrier upended its Pacific deployment and forced the ship into port in Guam, where the carrier has been since late March.</p><p>As the number of cases climbed, reaching 1,102 by the end of April, the Navy evacuated over 80% of the carrier's crew of roughly 4,800 sailors ashore and placed them in isolation.</p><p>In recent weeks, sailors have begun returning to the ship, but only on the condition that they meet the health requirements. As of Thursday, 2,900 sailors had returned to the carrier.</p><p><div type="image" title="The aircraft carrier USS Theodore Roosevelt." height="2090" width="3000" msid="75783246" hostid="261"></div></p><p>Pacific Fleet said in a statement on Thursday that <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/coronavirus-theodore-roosevelt-sailors-test-positive-after-returning-to-ship-2020-5">five sailors who had been cleared to return to the USS Theodore Roosevelt had retested positive for COVID-19</a>, the disease caused by the coronavirus, and were removed from the ship.</p><p>The five sailors had previously tested positive for the virus and were removed from the ship and placed in isolation on Guam. All five sailors completed the mandatory 14-day quarantine and tested negative twice before they were allowed to return to the ship.</p><p>The number of sailors who have retested positive for COVID-19 after getting back on the ship has more than doubled, <a href="https://www.politico.com/news/2020/05/16/uss-theodore-roosevelt-sailors-test-positive-coronavirus-261873">Politico reported</a>, revealing that a total of 13 sailors have retested positive.</p><p>The latest developments aboard the carrier represent new setbacks as the USS Theodore Roosevelt fights for a healthy ship that get once again get underway.</p><p>"We are committed to taking every measure possible to protect the health of our force," Cmdr. Vasquez told Insider in an emailed statement this week.</p><p>"As we continue to learn more about this virus," he said, "the Navy will aggressively respond to COVID virus in accordance with the latest guidance and best practices, and then evolve and adapt as experience is gained."</p>Read the original article on <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/sailors-uss-theodore-roosevelt-coronavirus-tuberculosis-2020-5">Business Insider</a>

USS Theodore Roosevelt sailor comes down with tuberculosis as other sailors on the ship retest positive for COVID-19

An affordable <keyword id="9107118" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="tuberculosis-testing" source="Orion">tuberculosis testing</keyword> technology that can detect the disease using a patient's sputum for just Rs 35 has been developed by apex medical research body <keyword id="19918794" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="ICMR" source="keywords">ICMR</keyword>'s regional centre in Assam's Dibrugarh. The 'A <keyword id="19986036" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="CRISPR" source="keywords">CRISPR</keyword> case-based TB detection system' is light, portable and involves three steps of testing. Over 1,500 samples can be tested in one single run in around two-and-half hours, ICMR sources said. <br /><br />Conventional diagnostic techniques for TB commonly rely on culture, which requires 42 days to confirm as TB negative, microscopy, and nucleic acid-based methods. These are also time-consuming and may require sophisticated equipment. <br /><br />An official said, "<keyword id="19992404" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="Tuberculosis" source="keywords">Tuberculosis</keyword> (TB) remains a global health challenge, necessitating the development of accurate and rapid diagnostic tools for effective disease management. Current <keyword id="22921102" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="diagnostic-methods" source="keywords">diagnostic methods</keyword> often exhibit limitations in terms of sensitivity, specificity, speed and cost, emphasising the need for innovative approaches". <br /><br />Additionally, some molecular diagnostic methods, while offering improved sensitivity, may lack the desired specificity or face challenges associated with cost and ease of handling. <br /><br />"Considering these problems, the CRISPR-Cas12a-based molecular diagnostic system 'GlowTBPCRKit' coupled with an amplification step (using thermal cycler) and the '<keyword id="22921103" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="RapidGlow-device" source="keywords">RapidGlow device</keyword>' provides a promising solution," the official said. <br /><br />The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) has now invited Expression of Interest (EoI) from eligible organisations, companies, manufacturers for undertaking 'Transfer of Technology' for commercialisation of the 'A CRISPR case-based TB detection system' for the detection of <keyword id="20115212" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Mycobacterium-tuberculosis" source="keywords">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</keyword>. <br /><br />The ICMR-RMRCNE institute will provide expert guidance and technical support for the production of 'A CRISPR Cas based TB detection system' in all phases. <br /><br />Such technical oversight by the institute would accelerate the development of the product and its commercialisation. <br /><br />The ICMR would also provide technical support through its team of experienced scientists in study, planning, product development, development of study protocol, results or data analysis, outcome assessment, safety and efficacy assessment, product improvement, etc., if deemed fit upon the mutual understanding between ICMR and collaborative company. <br /><br />The apex health research body through its institutes would provide support and facilitation to conduct the research and development or clinical study of new technology or product in India through its affiliates or institutes, in collaboration with the company and institutions in a professional and mutually agreed upon manner and timelines.

ICMR's regional centre develops technology that can test for tuberculosis in just Rupees 35!

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span><a href="https://www.auctionsinternational.com/">Auctions International</a></span></p><p class="caption">An attorney from Texas was the winning bidder.</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><ul class="summary-list"><li>Saratoga County Homestead, a hospital for tuberculosis patients in the early 1900s, just sold for $55,100 at auction, according to the <a href="https://www.timesunion.com/news/article/Saratoga-County-approves-Homestead-sale-14432368.php">Times Union</a>.</li><li>After a "bidding war," James Walk of Texas walked away as the new owner. He plans to turn the property into a retreat for war veterans.</li><li>The dilapidated property was left untouched for 46 years and <a href="https://www.gofundme.com/f/restore-the-saratoga-ny-homestead-property">will likely cost millions of dollars to renovate</a>.</li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/?hprecirc-bullet">Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories.</a></li></ul><p>A <a href="https://nypost.com/2019/08/16/bidding-war-erupts-over-creepy-asylum-abandoned-for-46-years/">one-time tuberculosis hospital</a> will have new life as a retreat for war veterans - if the property's new owner sees his plans come to fruition.</p><p>Saratoga County Homestead, a decrepit former sanatorium in upstate New York, was put up on <a href="https://www.auctionsinternational.com/auction/18276/item/saratoga-county-homestead-18276-110744">Auctions International</a> by county officials. The county-owned property has long been <a href="https://www.timesunion.com/news/article/Once-lively-Saratoga-County-sanatorium-a-grim-13937126.php">rumored to be haunted</a>, and it's a popular spot for paranormal "tourists," despite the hazardous condition of the long-abandoned building.</p><p><em><strong>Read more</strong>: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/wildest-real-estate-projects-lie-in-ruins-2019-2"><span style="color: #000000;">21 photos of the most bizarre real estate projects around the world that were left in ruins</span></a></em></p><p>James Walk of Texas placed the winning bid of $55,100 before the auction closed on August 28, 2019. Now, he says he intends to renovate the ruinous property and turn it into a retreat for veterans.</p><p>Read on for a closer look at the former asylum.</p>

An abandoned former tuberculosis hospital in upstate New York just sold at auction for $55,100 - take a look inside the crumbling sanatorium

<ul class="summary-list"><li>The parents of former US Marine Trevor Reed are worried their son has contracted tuberculosis in prison. </li><li>Reed has been detained in a Russian prison since August 2019 after being accused of assaulting police officers in Moscow. </li></ul><p>The parents of Trevor Reed — a former US Marine who has been held in <keyword id="11894337" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="russia" source="Orion">Russia</keyword> since 2019 after being convicted of attacking Russian police officers — <a href="https://twitter.com/brikeilarcnn/status/1501559937155141632">told Brianna Keilar on CNN's New Day</a> that they fear their son has tuberculosis and a broken rib after an "accident" in a Russian prison. </p><p>Joey and Paula Reed had not heard from their son for 232 days, Joey said, but he was able to call home three times over the course of the last week. </p><p>"He's been sounding horrible," Joey told CNN on Wednesday. "He's coughing constantly. He said he's coughing up blood," </p><p>Joey said he also has a high fever, pain in his chest — "just all of the signs of tuberculosis, which we're afraid he's contracted."</p><p>Joey said that the family has gotten "even worse <keyword id="11893589" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="news" source="Orion">news</keyword>." Trevor was barely able to talk on their latest call on Wednesday morning.</p><p>"There was some sort of accident and he believes he might have broken a rib," Joey told CNN.</p><p>Trevor's parents said he claimed something fell on him in the barracks, where he has been staying after finally being released from solitary confinement. </p><p>Trevor told his parents the prison guards told him he can go to a hospital on Friday. </p><p>While Paula is confident her son is telling them the truth, Joey remains skeptical of what Trevor can tell them. </p><p>"His calls are always monitored," Joey told CNN.</p><p>Trevor has been held in Russia since he was convicted of an alleged drunken incident which he claims not to remember. He was sentenced to 9 years in prison in July 2020.</p><p>Joey and Paula staked out President Biden's motorcade near their home in Texas to hold signs that say "Free Trevor Reed." After acknowledging them from the motorcade, the Reeds said Biden then called the couple.</p><p>"I don't want you to think it's not something I constantly think about," the President reportedly told the couple over the phone. </p><p>Paula said the phone call, as well as an acknowledgment from Biden in the motorcade, made her feel "validated." </p><p>Paula said that the war in Ukraine has helped draw attention to their son's situation, but it has come at "a horrible cost" of the suffering of the Ukrainian people. </p>

Parents of former US Marine held in Russia fear he has tuberculosis and suffered a broken rib during 'some sort of accident' in prison

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>AP Photo/Noah Berger</span></p><p class="caption">Sasha Chung, a nurse, wears a face mask during a protest at the University of California, San Francisco Medical Center on Wednesday, Aug. 5, 2009, in San Francisco.</p></div><p></p></div></div>After Rodelis Therapeutics obtained the rights to a specialized tuberculosis drug called cycloserine last month, the company raised the price from $500 for 30 capsules to $10,800 for the same quantity.</p><p>The 2,060-pecent increase was met with disapproval by the drug's previous owner. The Purdue University-affiliated organization promptly reacquired the rights to the drug and reduced the price to $1,050 for 30 capsules, <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/22/business/big-price-increase-for-tb-drug-is-rescinded.html">The New York Times reports?</a>.</p><p class="p1"><span class="s1">The Purdue Research Foundation - the nonprofit that oversees the drug's previous owner - was displeased with the price hike. </span>Foundation president Dan Hasler told the Times, "We said [to Rodelis] this was not what we had intended."</p><p>The reason for the new $1,050 price is to offset the drug's financial losses. Cycloserine is used only in cases of tuberculosis that are resistant to other drugs. Roughly 40 patients receive treatment with the drug each year. Between the small patient market and regulatory costs, cycloserine has lost The Chao Center roughly $10 million since it obtained the rights in 2007.</p><p>The news comes alongside <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/a-62-year-old-drug-just-rose-in-price-by-5455-and-its-getting-hillary-clintons-attention-2015-9">controversy</a> following a <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/turing-increases-price-of-darapim-2015-9">5,000-percent price increase for Daraprim</a>, an antiparasitic drug, by Turing Pharmaceuticals. In <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/21/business/a-huge-overnight-increase-in-a-drugs-price-raises-protests.html">The New York Times' report on Daraprim?</a>, cycloserine was another drug cited as following a trend of sudden price shocks.</p><p>The case of Daraprim even got the attention of Hillary Clinton, who <a href="https://twitter.com/HillaryClinton/status/645974772275408896">tweeted</a> that "<span>Price gouging like this in the specialty drug market is outrageous," and vowed to lay out a plan to discourage the practice. The comment <a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-09-21/clinton-s-tweet-on-high-drug-prices-sends-biotech-stocks-down">brought about an immediate drop</a> in the Nasdaq biotech sector.</span></p>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/silk-road-founder-convicted-of-all-counts-2015-5">Here's the incredible story behind the guy who was just sentenced to life for creating the 'eBay for drugs'</a></h3>        <div>            <div>        <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="p2d2wxczptWT5pUwmAdleRGRLaPVA12Y" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div>        </div>        </div>            </div>

A huge overnight price increase for an important tuberculosis drug just got reversed

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table full"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div>From Ebola's discovery in 1976 until 2012, the much-feared virus was confirmed as the cause of only about <a href="http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs103/en/" target="_blank">1,590 deaths</a>. The current record-setting outbreak in West Africa has already killed <a href="http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/132834/1/roadmapupdate8sept14_eng.pdf?ua=1" target="_blank">2,228 people</a> and will require a wide range of strategies to contain it, possibly including <a href="http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/09/07/346562872/new-ebola-vaccine-is-tested-in-humans-after-success-in-monkeys" target="_blank">a new vaccine</a> and experimental drugs.</p>
<p>But while the Ebola numbers seem staggering, infectious diseases like malaria and influenza kill hundreds of thousands of people every single year - without grabbing many headlines. Tuberculosis and HIV are together responsible for nearly three million lost lives each year.</p>
<p>In a Sept. 10 paper in <a href="http://stm.sciencemag.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/scitranslmed.3009848" target="_blank">Science Translational Medicine</a>, researchers highlight five diseases "for which new or improved vaccines are needed." Here is their list:</p>
<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table full"><div><div class="image"></div><p></p></div></div>While vaccines exist to protect against some influenza (flu) strains and tuberculosis, they are "suboptimal" - they definitely help, but they don't offer complete prevention.</p>
<p>Forty different HIV vaccines have been tested, but none of them work - and in spite of better treatments, HIV/AIDS remains "among the top five causes of disease burden in 26 countries."</p>
<p>Experimental vaccines are in clinical trials for dengue and malaria, both spread by mosquitoes, but until effective vaccines become widely available, those diseases are fought mostly with low-tech approaches like netting and insecticides.</p>
<h3>Even Existing Vaccines Are Underused</h3>
<p>"Historically, one of the biggest challenges for vaccines in global health has been getting existing vaccines out to the people who need them," the researchers write. "Vaccines that remain in the vial are 0% effective."</p>
<p>While only a very small percentage of children in the world are completely unvaccinated, the vast majority - about 95% - don't receive the full suite of 11 vaccinations recommended by the World Health Organization (BCG [which <a href="http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=366365" target="_blank">reduces the risk of tuberculosis by 50%</a>], Tetanus, Pertussis, Diphtheria, Polio, Measles, Rubella, Pneumococcal, Rotavirus, Hib, and Hepatitis B).</p>
<p>Every year, huge numbers of children around the world, especially in developing countries, are infected with preventable diseases.</p>
<p>Many of these illnesses were much-feared and very common in the U.S. until the introduction of widespread vaccination:</p>
<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table full"><div><div class="image"></div><p></p></div></div></p>

5 Diseases That Need Vaccines Even More Than Ebola

By Natasha Chaku <p>Melbourne, Apr 11 () Hundreds of health workers in the state of South Australia will undergo a clinical trial to test whether an established tuberculosis vaccine can be used to reduce the severity of the novel coronavirus symptoms by providing a boost to the immune system.</p><p>According to the ABC science news, the South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI) has been researching the effects of the vaccine known as the Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine (BCG), for some time.</p><p>Almost 250 health workers will be given the vaccine and 250 others will be given a placebo.</p><p>Researchers will study if an established tuberculosis vaccine could provide an immune system boost to reduce the prevalence or severity of COVID-19 symptoms, it said.</p><p>SAHMRI Executive Director Steven Wesselingh, on Saturday said while the vaccine was designed to protect against tuberculosis and also used as a common treatment for bladder cancer patients, it had also helped boost immunity against other infections.</p><p>"Trial participants, who will be randomly allocated to either receive the vaccine or be in a control group, will be monitored for symptoms and receive testing where indicated," he said.</p><p>"The trial will provide key evidence that could prove invaluable in both the current fight against COVID-19 and future novel viral outbreaks," he said.</p><p>Wesselingh said the BCG vaccine could also boost human "front line" immunity, which trains the immune system to respond to germs with "greater intensity".</p><p>The state government has injected 200,000 Australian dollars (USD 126,977) for the clinical trial and SAHMRI along with Murdoch Children's Research Institute (MCRI) has partnered together to roll out the trial with the support of the World Health Organisation.</p><p>"It is very exciting that this existing vaccine could make a real difference to the health and wellbeing of our hospital staff on the front lines of the fight against COVID-19," state Health Minister Stephen Wade said.</p><p>"The nature of their work means healthcare workers are at increased risk of contracting COVID-19, so it is important that they are first to be able to access this potentially protective intervention," Wade said.</p><p>Meanwhile, Australia's number of fatalities from COVID-19 rose to 56 after an octogenarian died in the state of Victoria on Friday.</p>The number of confirmed cases in the country has reached 6,298.  NC RS  RS

COVID-19: Hundreds of health workers in Australia to undertake vaccine trial

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div>As far as medical technology goes, there's never been a better time to be alive than the present.</p><p>Before antibiotics were discovered, diseases caused by bacteria (like tuberculosis, diphtheria, pneumonia, and various infections) <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4829a1.htm">were the leading causes of death in America.</a></p><p>What if all those people who died had somehow been able to benefit from our modern technology?</p><p>Today, some people are <a href="http://cryogenics.nist.gov/AboutCryogenics/about%20cryogenics.htm">freezing their bodies or heads at death</a> in hopes of future cures for what ails them. Their goal is to be revived and cured. While several companies will take your money to freeze your body or head, there isn't solid <keyword id="41551" type="ENTERTAINMENT" weightage="100" keywordseo="science">science</keyword> showing that this will work.</p><p>We know it's even crazier to think that we could have successfully cryogenically frozen people in the past, when medical technology was far behind what we have today, but let's have a little fun, shall we?</p><p>Here are seven historic people (of thousands - likely millions) who died of things we could treat today, theoretically, if we had their thawed, freshly-dead and somehow rejuvenated bodies to work with:</p><h2>Jane Austen</h2><p>Jane Austen, that beloved author of "Pride and Prejudice" and five other novels, <a href="http://www.jasna.org/info/about_austen.html">died in 1817</a> at the age of 41. She'd been ill for quite a while, according to letters she sent in the last year of her life. Sir Zachary Cope was the <a href="http://www.orchard-gate.com/bmj.htm">first to diagnose Austen</a> with Addison's disease, in a 1964 article in the British Medical Journal. Interpreting the weakness, back pain, stomach upset, faintness, and skin discoloration Austen described in her letters (and symptoms she didn't mention), Cope thought Addison's disease was probably what killed her.</p><p>In people with <a href="http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/addisons-disease/basics/definition/con-20021340">Addison's disease</a>, the adrenal glands don't produce enough of the hormones cortisol and aldosterone. These hormones help coordinate metabolism and blood pressure to keep the body running smoothly. When there's not enough of them in the body, people with Addison's suffer from weak and painful muscles, blood pressure low enough to faint, discolored skin, nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting. If the hormone levels get low enough, it <a href="http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/addisons-disease/basics/treatment/con-20021340">can trigger a life-threatening "addisonian crisis"</a> as blood pressure and blood sugar drop, which may have been what happened to Austen.</p><p>If she did indeed die in an addisonian crisis, today doctors would treat Austen with an IV of hydrocortisone, saline, and sugar to bring her back, then she'd have to keep taking the hormones her adrenal glands weren't producing. Perhaps she would be able to <a href="http://www.jasna.org/info/about_austen.html">finish a seventh novel</a>, "Sanditon," that she'd started but didn't finish before she died. We'll never know how that one ends.</p><h2>Vivien Leigh</h2><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_left"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div>Vivien Leigh is perhaps best known for her Oscar-winning performance as Scarlett O'Hara opposite Clark Gable as Rhett Butler in "Gone with the Wind."</p><p>Before she <a href="http://life.time.com/culture/vivien-leigh-on-her-100th-birthday-portraits-of-a-movie-legend/#1">died of tuberculosis</a> in 1967 at age 53, she'd had the disease for several years. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is <a href="http://report.nih.gov/nihfactsheets/ViewFactSheet.aspx?csid=31">to blame for tuberculosis' symptoms</a>: fever, a flushed complexion, and a dry, persistent cough that brings up blood.</p><p>Though drug-resistant tuberculosis is a concern today, it's likely Leigh's historical case could be treated with antibiotics, if we were able to bring her back.</p><p>Before Leigh's time,<a href="http://www.cmnewsletter.com/article/S0196-4399(09)00048-8/fulltext">tuberculosis also did in Emily Bronte</a>, Edgar Allen Poe, Walt Whitman, Henry David Thoreau, and John Keats. It's not that the disease was especially popular among authors in the 19th century, it was just that common for everyone. Thanks to effective antibiotics and changes in living conditions, deaths from tuberculosis have <a href="http://report.nih.gov/nihfactsheets/ViewFactSheet.aspx?csid=31">gone down steadily</a> since the beginning of the 20th century.</p><h2>James Garfield</h2><p>America's 20th president didn't even hold the office a full year before he was <a href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/jamesgarfield">assassinated in 1881</a>. But it wasn't really the assassin's bullet that killed him - it was the <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/02/books/review/destiny-of-the-republic-by-candice-millard-book-review.html?_r=0">doctors who didn't wash their hands</a> or instruments before they tried to remove the bullet from his back. Garfield's wound became infected, and he hung around 11 excruciating weeks before dying. It's more a change in medical practice to sterilize wounds and medical tools with antiseptics (which were around at the time) than an actual technological advance that could've saved Garfield. Still, he'd have a better shot today with modern antibiotics.</p><p>Though Garfield's case is one-of-a-kind, he's not too different from the thousands of <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0891552004000236">Civil War soldiers who died from wound infections</a>. Antibiotics, antiseptics, and sterile operating and examining procedures would have saved a lot of lives.</p><h2>Prince Leopold</h2><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div>Hemophilia <a href="https://www.hemophilia.org/Bleeding-Disorders/History-of-Bleeding-Disorders">ran in the genes of Europe's royal families</a> in the 19th and 20th centuries, likely because Queen Victoria of England was a carrier, had many children, and in those days royals had a tradition of marrying other royals. Her own son, Prince Leopold, had the disease, meaning his blood <a href="http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hemophilia/basics/definition/con-20029824">lacked the proteins to make it clot</a> after a cut. He <a href="https://www.hemophilia.org/Bleeding-Disorders/History-of-Bleeding-Disorders">died</a> in 1884, age 30, after a fall that caused him to bleed heavily.</p><p>We don't have a cure for hemophilia today, but we know <a href="http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hemophilia/basics/treatment/con-20029824">how to treat</a> it. Prince Leopold could get regular treatment that would help his blood clot, and he could get an emergency dose of clotting factors if he started bleeding profusely. He would have a much better chance of making it past 30.</p><h2>Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky</h2><p>Though there's controversy surrounding the death of the composer who brought us "Swan Lake" and "The Nutcracker," <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio3/classical/tchaikovsky/atoz/tchaik_d_death.shtml">cholera is most likely what killed Tchaikovsky</a>. He probably got cholera from drinking water or eating food with Vibrio cholerae, the bacteria <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/cholera/general/index.html">responsible for the disease</a>, in it. Tchaikovsky reportedly took ill the evening of October 20, 1893, and was diagnosed with cholera the next day. His symptoms might have included diarrhea, vomiting, and leg cramps before dying of kidney failure as a complication of all the body fluids lost.</p><p>Today, cholera is treated primarily by drinking or getting an IV (if it's an emergency) of a solution of salts, sugars, and water to <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/cholera/general/index.html">replace the lost </a><a href="http://www.cdc.gov/cholera/general/index.html">bodily fluids and electrolytes</a>. Antibiotics would have also helped Tchaikovsky, if they had existed. But if he was actually killed by poisoning, as some <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio3/classical/tchaikovsky/atoz/tchaik_d_death.shtml">conspiracy theories suggest</a>, all bets are off.</p><h2>René Descartes</h2><p>You probably know at least one thing Descartes said: "I think, therefore I am." The famous philosopher <a href="http://www.egs.edu/library/rene-descartes/biography/">died in 1650 of pneumonia</a>, apparently contracted as his health declined from living in Sweden's harsh climate and getting up at 5 a.m. to tutor the queen in philosophy.</p><p>We can't know whether it was bacteria, a virus, or a fungus that infected Descartes's lungs to <a href="http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pneumonia/basics/definition/con-20020032">make them fill up with fluid</a> so he couldn't breathe, but if was bacteria, <a href="http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pneumonia/basics/treatment/con-20020032">antibiotics could have helped</a> him. While pneumonia is still a concern today, especially for people over 65, we have a lot more resources to treat it than the likes of Charlemagne, Robert E. Lee, Victor Hugo, and Benjamin Franklin had when <a href="http://www.cmnewsletter.com/article/S0196-4399(09)00048-8/fulltext">they died</a> of it long ago.</p><h2>Wilbur Wright</h2><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table Full"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div>One of first men to fly <a href="http://airandspace.si.edu/exhibitions/wright-brothers/online/age/1914/typhoid.cfm">died</a> from a very common cause for his time: typhoid fever. <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/nczved/divisions/dfbmd/diseases/typhoid_fever/">Infection with the bacteria S</a><a href="http://www.cdc.gov/nczved/divisions/dfbmd/diseases/typhoid_fever/">almonella Typhi</a> not only causes the fever the disease is named for, but also weakness, stomach pains, headache, and a rash. Wilbur Wright was 45 when he died in 1912, but today doctors could treat him with antibiotics and he'd probably recover.</p><p>While we're dreaming big, let's also consider the 27,058 Union soldiers who <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0891552004000236">died of typhoid fever</a> during the Civil War, about 36% of all the Union soldiers diagnosed with the disease. Two thirds of the soldiers who died in the Civil War died from disease, not battle wounds. We'd be able to treat them much more effectively today.</p><p>All that's not to say no one dies of any of these diseases anymore, unfortunately.</p><p>The <a href="http://report.nih.gov/nihfactsheets/ViewFactSheet.aspx?csid=31">WHO reported</a> 1.8 million deaths from tuberculosis in 2008, making it one of the leading causes of death in the world. People with HIV are more vulnerable to infection by tuberculosis, and antibiotic-resistant strains of the bacteria responsible for the disease are increasingly problematic.</p><p>Really, antibiotic-resistant <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/antibiotic-resistant-superbugs-are-causing-bacterial-infections-2014-12">bacteria are a terrifying prospect</a> across the board. But at this moment in time, we should definitely appreciate how far we've come in the past century, and look forward to making a longer list in another 100 years.</p>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/how-to-get-famous-youtube-superstar-bethany-mota-2015-1">This is what it takes to get famous on YouTube</a></h3>        <div>            <div>        <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="F2YjZjcjqQw8BFVT6EJbzBGqNpt3nvOa" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div>        </div>        </div>            </div>

You Searched For "tuberculosis" and got 10 results

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7 famous people who should have been cryogenically frozen when they died

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