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<keyword id="22976106" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="indoor" source="keywords">Indoor</keyword> <keyword id="19900550" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="air-pollution" source="keywords">air pollution</keyword> is a bigger <keyword id="21117961" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="health-risk" source="keywords">health risk</keyword> than <keyword id="20543591" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="outdoor" source="keywords">outdoor</keyword> air pollution in India, and sometimes cities are cleaner than nearby villages where <keyword id="22976772" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="household-pollution" source="keywords">household pollution</keyword> is higher, according to the country's two top policy experts. Addressing the India <keyword id="20445293" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="clean-air" source="keywords">Clean Air</keyword> Summit (ICAS) 2024, Principal Advisor, <keyword id="19904190" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Ministry-of-Health-and-Family-Welfare" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="Ministry of Health and Family Welfare" meta.hostid="83" meta.entityid="Ministry of Health and Family Welfare">Ministry of Health and Family Welfare</keyword>, Soumya Swaminathan said, "Studies done in Delhi have shown that women's average exposure to high levels of <keyword id="20827287" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="black-carbon" source="keywords">black carbon</keyword> (women <keyword id="19895006" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="WHO" source="keywords">who</keyword> are mostly at home) is as much as auto-rickshaw passengers going around outdoor exposed to the ambient air pollution in Delhi, resulting in high systolic blood pressure." "Cities contribute less than 20 per cent to the overall state emissions, wherever they have been assessed, but household emissions predominate, ranging between 20 per cent and 40 per cent. Across the country, we are seeing is that sometimes cities are cleaner than the surrounding villages where household air pollution predominates," she said at the summit organised by think-tank Center for Study of Science, Technology and Policy. This builds a strong case for expanding the scope of India's National Clean Air Programme (<keyword id="20133150" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="NCAP" source="keywords">NCAP</keyword>), which currently focuses on non-attainment cities. Air pollution is a major threat to public health and contributes to a significant amount of morbidity as well as mortality. Apart from PM2.5 and PM10, short-lived climate pollutants such as black carbon, methane, ozone, and hydrocarbons have the potential to harm the environment and warm the atmosphere even more than CO2. Black carbon can cause chronic respiratory illnesses, lung cancer, emphysema, pneumonia, asthma, heart disease, and low birthweight. "In terms of reducing our life expectancy, globally, PM2.5 is contributing to about 2.3 years of life lost. Just below that is tobacco. In fact, there's so much attention on tobacco and global frameworks for control, but not the same level of attention has been paid to PM2.5 and certainly not the same level of commitments," Swaminathan said. The impact of air pollution is not limited to public health but has a significant economic cost as well. Recently, the World Bank published a study highlighting that air pollution has resulted in a loss of around USD 8.1 trillion in 2019, which is 6.1 per cent of the global gross domestic product (GDP). "We are always talking about air pollution as a problem but studies also show a strong economic case for action on clean air. There are significant positive consequences to investing in cleaning up the air in terms of the return on investments. We know air pollution is not just bad for our health, but it's also bad for agriculture, because it reduces the sunlight that's reaching the crops and it's bad for our economy or any country's economy as it deters people from coming and living or visiting those places," Swaminathan added. Kalpana Balakrishnan, Director, WHO Collaborating Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, said that the main barrier to shifting to clean cooking fuels that can help reduce household air pollution levels is finance. "If we give free LPG to women for two years, they are unlikely to shift back to biomass cooking even if you remove the subsidies," she said. Through Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY) launched in May 2016, more than 100 million households in India received LPG cylinders by the end of March 2023. Studies shows over 50 per cent of the households that received new LPG cylinders under PMUY did not choose to refill it even once. Around a third of the world's population - 2.4 billion people globally (including 500 million people in India) - still lack access to clean cooking solutions. Although the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas (MOPNG) claims that the country's household LPG "coverage" stands at 99.8 per cent, the National Family Health Survey conducted in 2019-21 (NFHS-5) shows that 41 per cent of the population still cooks on biomass.

Indoor air pollution poses greater health risk than outdoor: Experts

<ul><li><a href="https://uhi.abdm.gov.in/">UHI </a>is a network that can enable interoperability in health services.</li><li>Through <keyword id="1766345" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="uhi" source="Orion">UHI</keyword> enabled applications, patients can discover, book, conduct and pay for services via an application of their choice. </li><li>e-RUPI is a new fintech initiative for instant payment to healthcare service providers in the Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana.</li></ul>Just like <keyword id="6358921" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="upi" source="Orion">UPI</keyword> revolutionized payment transactions in <keyword id="3658" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="india" source="Orion">India</keyword>, Unified Health Interface or UHI will revolutionize digital health service delivery, said Dr R S <keyword id="445" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="sharma" source="Orion">Sharma</keyword>, CEO, <keyword id="7183605" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="national-health-authority" source="Orion">National Health Authority</keyword>, <keyword id="191419" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="ministry-of-health-and-family-welfare" source="Orion">Ministry of Health and Family Welfare</keyword> at IFTA 2022 held in Mumbai. A foundational layer of the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM) stack, <a href="https://uhi.abdm.gov.in/">UHI </a>is a network of open protocols that can enable interoperability in health services. Through UHI enabled applications, patients can discover, book, conduct and pay for services offered by a variety of participating providers via an app of their choice. “UHI facilitates the ease of doing business for health care service providers by granting them access to a large number of users, through the medium of a common platform. This paradigm shift in healthcare delivery also gives rise to a sea of opportunities for the emerging HealthTech ecosystem” said Dr Sharma. Some of the services that will be included in UHI are teleconsultation, lab booking and ambulance services. The healthcare system is also working on enabling payments via e-RUPI, as part of a fintech initiative for instant payment to healthcare service providers - under the Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana, a government funded health insurance scheme. e-RUPI is a person and purpose specific digital instrument based on the architecture of UPI. It’s a one-time, cashless, contactless prepaid digital voucher which can be availed through an SMS or QR Code. It can be redeemed without a card, digital payments app, or internet banking access. “e-RUPI will have myriad use cases: to start with, health, nutrition, education and agriculture are just a few areas that are going to benefit from it. A number of states have already started using e-RUPI for various benefit delivery programmes in their states,” Dr Sharma added. It was launched by <keyword id="12394777" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="national-payments-corporation-of" source="Orion">National Payments Corporation of</keyword> India (NPCI) in August <a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1743056">2021</a>. Dr Sharma believes that it is time that we innovate new products in the fintech industry which could be combined with healthtech for an affordable, scalable and accessible digital healthcare ecosystem. IFTA 2022 is a fintech event hosted by <keyword id="8249528" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="india-fintech-forum" source="Orion">India FinTech Forum</keyword>, an advocacy group. More than 2,750 fintech companies and over 30,000 individuals are members of this forum. SEE ALSO: <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/news/urban-company-grants-shares-worth-rs-5-2-cr-to-497-gig-workers/articleshow/95828715.cms">Urban Company grants shares worth Rs 5.2 cr to 497 gig workers</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/international/news/indonesia-relaunches-multiple-entry-visa-that-was-deactivated-during-the-pandemic/articleshow/95828509.cms">Indonesia relaunches multiple entry visa that was deactivated during the pandemic</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/apps/news/tips-to-make-whatsapp-more-private-and-secure/articleshow/95825054.cms">Tips to make Whatsapp more private and secure</a>

‘United Health Interface will do to service delivery what UPI did to payments’

<ul><li>Prime Minister Narendra Modi will launch a new digital payment solution called <keyword id="11766571" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="e-RUPI">e-RUPI</keyword>.</li><li>Banks will issue electronic vouchers for customers to redeem welfare benefits without having to share bank account details.</li><li>The <keyword id="11772195" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="e-voucher">e-voucher</keyword> solution has the potential to eliminate fraud and corruption.</li></ul>The Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi will be launching 'e-RUPI', an electronic voucher-based digital payment solution at 4:30 p.m IST on Monday. The person-specific, and purpose-specific, payment solution is developed by the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) on its Unified Payment Interface (UPI) platform in collaboration with the Department of Financial Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and the National Health Authority. What is e-RUPI? According to a statement from the Prime Minister’s Office, e-RUPI is a cashless and contactless digital payment e-voucher in the form of a QR code or SMS string delivered to the beneficiary's mobile phone. The e-voucher can be redeemed at the service provider without needing a card, digital payment app or internet banking service. The e-RUPI is a one-time payment mechanism that does not require any physical interface for transactions and is considered safe as it's prepaid in nature. It ensures that the payment to the service provider is made only after the transaction is completed without involving any intermediary. How is e-RUPI different from a virtual currency? e-RUPI can be used to make payments to a specific person, for a specific purpose, and is not transferable. On the other hand, a virtual or digital currency is just like normal currency but in digital form and can be used for any transaction. How are these vouchers issued? The vouchers will be issued by partner banks but the bank account details of the beneficiary are not needed. NPCI has built the e-RUPI system on its UPI platform and anyone who needs to issue the voucher would need to approach partner banks with issuing authority. Entities giving the e-RUPI voucher will have to submit the details of specific beneficiaries and the purpose of the payment to the banks. The beneficiary's identification will be based on their mobile number and name. What's the need for e-RUPI? The Indian government says that e-RUPI is expected to ensure a leak-proof delivery of welfare services and minimise fraud and corruption. Since it removes the middlemen and there's no direct cash involved, it eliminates the possibility of the fund being used for a purpose other than intended. It can be used for delivering services under government welfare schemes like drugs and nutritional support under Mother and Child welfare schemes, TB eradication programmes, drugs and diagnostics under schemes like Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana, fertiliser subsidies etc. Not only government schemes but the voucher can also be used by the private sector for employee welfare and corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives. SEE ALSO - <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/stock-market/news/windlas-biotech-to-raise-395-402-crore-through-public-listing-price-band-fixed-at-448-460/articleshow/84854594.cms">Windlas Biotech to raise ₹395-402 crore through public listing, price band fixed at ₹448-460</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/mobile/news/googles-sundar-pichai-has-teased-the-whitechapel-chipset/articleshow/84853916.cms">Google teases Whitechapel chipset that may power Google Pixel 6 devices</a>

e-RUPI explained —  India’s new electronic voucher-based payment system to reduce leakage in welfare programmes

Analysis shows that children in the age group of 0-14 years are less affected by <keyword id="8763838" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="covid-19">COVID-19</keyword>, Union Health Minister Harsh Vardhan informed the Lok Sabha on Friday. He said in a written reply that infection among children is mild and most of them remain asymptomatic. "Hence no specific action plan has been formulated in the current response phase to minimise the adverse effects of COVID-19 on such children," he said. Very rarely a severe illness, in form of multi-system inflammatory syndrome, has been identified, Vardhan said, adding this happens usually three to six weeks after the infection. The Department of Pediatrics, AIIMS, is documenting the long term effect of COVID-19 infection in children, he said. The minister was responding to a question on whether the government had formulated any action plan to control and minimise the adverse effects of COVID-19 in children aged 0-14. For appropriate management of COVID-19 cases, a three-tier arrangement of health facilities has been implemented -- <keyword id="8995444" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="covid-care-centre">COVID Care Centre</keyword> with isolation beds for mild or pre-symptomatic cases, Dedicated COVID Health Centre (DCHC) with oxygen supported isolation beds for moderate cases and Dedicated COVID Hospital (DCH) with ICU beds for severe cases, he said. Guidelines on clinical management of COVID-19 have been issued, Vardhan said. They also provides for management of complications. On whether the government has made any assessment of adverse effects of COVID-19 on <keyword id="6354774" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Mental-health">mental health</keyword> of children and has provided psychological support through healthcare professionals, Vardhan said the <keyword id="263716" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="ministry-of-education">Ministry of Education</keyword> has initiated a programme called 'manodarpan' covering a wide range of activities to provide psycho-social support to students, teachers and families for mental health and emotional wellbeing. There is a national toll-free helpline 8448440632 to provide tele-counselling for students, parents and teachers to help cope with the situation, he said. The standard operating procedure for health and safety protocols for reopening of schools issued by the Ministry of Education has incorporated guidelines for promoting emotional well-being of students and teachers, the minister said. The <keyword id="210071" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Ministry-of-Health">Ministry of Health</keyword> set up a 24/7 helpline through NIMHANS, Bangalore, on March 29, 2020 to provide psycho-social support to the affected population, divided into different target groups, Vardhan said. Two central mental health institutions -- namely LGB Regional Institute of Mental Health, Tezpur and Central Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi -- along with various states and UTs were also on-boarded to extend the services in regional and local languages. He said guidelines and advisories on management of mental health issues, catering to different segments of the society, were issued. All the guidelines, advisories and advocacy material can be accessed on the <keyword id="191419" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Ministry-of-Health-and-Family-Welfare">Ministry of Health and Family Welfare</keyword> website under 'Behavioural Health - Psycho-social helpline', Vardhan said. He further said that various media platforms were used for creative and audio-visual materials on managing stress and anxiety, and promoting an environment of support and care for all. To address the burden of mental disorders, <keyword id="6377129" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="government-of-india">Government of India</keyword> is implementing the National Mental Health Programme (NMHP), Vardhan said, adding the government is supporting implementation of the District Mental Health Programme (DMHP) under NMHP in 692 districts of the country. To generate awareness among masses about mental illnesses, Information, Education and Communication (IEC) activities are an integral part of the NMHP, he said, and at the District level, funds up to ₹4 lakh per annum are provided under the DMHP for awareness generation activities, he said. 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Analysis shows children between 0-14 years less affected by COVID, says Health Minister

<ul><li><keyword id="7333997" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="tamil-nadu-health-secretary">Tamil Nadu Health Secretary</keyword> <keyword id="5148383" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Beela-Rajesh">Beela Rajesh</keyword> has been transferred to the commercial taxes and registration department, amid the sudden spike in the <keyword id="1754604" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="coronavirus">coronavirus</keyword> cases in the state. </li><li><keyword id="1806573" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="J-Radhakrishnan">J Radhakrishnan</keyword>, who was recently appointed as the Special Nodal Officer to coordinate the COVID efforts in Chennai, will be the <keyword id="9388971" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="new-health-secretary">new health secretary</keyword>. </li><li>According to <keyword id="4585792" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="the-ministry-of-health-and-family-welfare">the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare</keyword>, the total number of positive infections in Tamil Nadu stood at 38,716, as on June 12. </li><li>Presently, Radhakrishnan is the commissioner of Revenue Administration, Disaster Management and Mitigation, Chennai.</li></ul>Tamil Nadu Health Secretary Beela Rajesh has been transferred to the commercial taxes and registration department, amid the sudden spike in the coronavirus cases in the state. J Radhakrishnan, who was recently appointed as the Special Nodal Officer to coordinate the COVID efforts in Chennai, will be the new health secretary, as per the latest directive. According to the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, the total number of positive infections in Tamil Nadu stood at 38,716, as on June 12, 2020. Of this, Chennai has reported the maximum number of cases at 27,000. While 20,705 people in the state have been cured so far. Presently, Radhakrishnan is the commissioner of Revenue Administration, Disaster Management and Mitigation, Chennai. According to the government orders, “he will continue to hold the post until further orders.” “We will try our best to work hard to ensure that we are able to get to a COVID-19 free Chennai. We will work with the entire team and the common people and work on how to address this,” Mr. Radhakrishnan <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/tamil-nadu-appoints-j-radhakrishnan-as-special-nodal-officer-for-chennai-corporation-to-coordinate-covid-19-efforts/article31481798.ece">told</a> The Hindu on May 1, on being appointed as the special nodal officer. However, the transfer orders have led to speculations on the reasons as to what Beela Rajesh, who was the state’s most visible face during the COVID crisis, is transferred at an uncertain time. Radhakrishnan, who is a senior bureaucrat, is known for his work as the district collector of Nagapattinam during Tsunami in 2004. He has also held the position of Assistant Country Director, Disaster Management for the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/coranavirus-cases-in-punjab-news-and-updates/articleshow/74771047.cms">Punjab coronavirus cases spike to 2,887 — 86 new cases, 3 deaths reported on June 11</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/coronavirus-cases-in-hyderabad-telangana-news-and-updates/articleshow/74823424.cms">Telangana Coronavirus cases rise to 4,320, 165 dead, 1,993 cured till June 11</a>

Tamil Nadu transfers Beela Rajesh as Health Secretary, brings in J Radhakrishnan as COVID crisis worsens in the state

The government is now opting for a more scientific way for implementing social welfare programmes in a move to tackle poverty better by weeding out underserving beneficiaries. 
 The government will be adopting the Socio-Economic and <keyword id="147447" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Caste-census">Caste Census</keyword> (SECC) instead of the poverty line-based method to identify recipients for its pro-poor schemes. The SECC 2011 ranks households based on their socio-economic status to enable state governments to prepare a list of families living below the poverty line. It also makes available information regarding the socio-economic condition and education status of various castes and sections of the population. 
 SECC 2011 will be used by the <keyword id="386230" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Ministry-of-Rural-Development">Ministry of Rural Development</keyword> from this year for its <keyword id="673406" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="National-Social-Assistance-Programme">National Social Assistance Programme</keyword> to pay pension to rural poor and National Rural Livelihood Mission. Both schemes use <keyword id="49514" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="bpl">BPL</keyword> data to estimate the number of the poor. 
 
"BPL data tells us how many are poor and SECC who are those poor... it is a more targeted and scientific approach in ensuring the right person gets the benefit,” a senior official told ET. 
 To study the validity and efficiency of the SECC 2011 data, a <keyword id="3040491" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Sumit-Bose-committee">Sumit Bose Committee</keyword> formed. It will look over the data that identify the poor recently submitted its report, which is in favour of using the information for rural development schemes. The committee also developed a formula based on deprivation parameters to identify beneficiaries for specific schemes. 
 
The greater the deprivation score, the higher will be the ranking of a household for getting government assistance. The government is also identifying workers under the national rural employment guarantee scheme who have reported deprivation in the SECC study. 
 In March 2016, the ministry amended the <keyword id="71242" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Indira-Awaas-Yojana">Indira Awaas Yojana</keyword>, now called the Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana-Gramin, and changed the selection criterion of beneficiaries from "below poverty line, to the SECC 2011data. 
 
"To ensure assistance is targeted at those who are genuinely deprived and the selection is objective and verifiable, PMAY-G, instead of selecting a beneficiary from among the BPL households, selects beneficiaries using SECC-2011data,, according to the framework for the scheme. Other government departments including health and electricity are also inclined to use SECC data.

Government to use scientific methods to implement social welfare schemes and fight poverty

New Delhi, Nov 29 () There is no provision in government's existing policy to provide assistance to family of farmers who committed suicide, Minister of State for Agriculture and Farmers Welfare Parshottam Rupala said in Rajya Sabha on Friday. 
 Rupala was replying to a supplementary during Question Hour in the Upper House.
 "There is no provision in the policy of the government to provide any assistance to farmers who committed suicide," Rupala said while replying to a query as to whether government has provided any relief to the kith and kin of farmers who committed suicide.
 However, he said the Agriculture Department of the government has taken up a number of programmes to improve the condition of farmers.
 He said loans to distressed farmers and to other persons, not exceeding Rs 1 lakh per borrower, indebted to non-institutional lenders is an eligible category under priority sector lending as per RBI's directions. 
 Under the Kisan Credit Card (KCC), a flexible limit of Rs 10,000-50,000 has been provided to marginal farmers based on the land holding and crop grown for post-harvest storage related credit needs, he said.
 RBI has also issued directions for relief measures to be provided by respective lending institutions in areas affected by natural calamities.
 Besides, the government has also introduced an interest subvention scheme for short-term crop loans up to Rs 3 lakh, he added.
 The Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidi scheme has been started to provide income support to farmers' families holding cultivable land to enable them to take care of expenses related to agriculture and allied activities as well as domestic needs so as to protect them from debt trap.
 Under the scheme, a financial benefit of Rs 6,000 per year is provided in three four-monthly instalments of Rs 2,000 to farmers' families.
 Agriculture credit targets have also been enhanced from Rs 9 lakh crore in 2016-17 to Rs 13.5 lakh crore in 2019-20.
 In reply to another supplementary, he said there is a provision to provide 100 subsidies to state governments for a 200 tonne unit to promote organic farming.
 Besides, there is a provision of 25 per cent assistance for loans up to Rs 40 lakh to entrepreneurs for organic fertiliser facility and Rs 50,000 a year for farmers interested in it, he said.
 He also appealed to the Members of Parliament (MPs) to ensure KCCs to farmers through banks in their respective areas.
 The use of fertilisers is increasing in the country, but the government is trying to create awareness in this direction, he said.
 The Minister said the total consumption of major fertilisers in 2019-20 (up to October) was at 349 LMT (lakh metric tonnes) and added that the government has been promoting soil test based integrated nutrient management for balanced and judicious use of fertilisers. NAM DV RVK

No provision to provide assistance to family of farmers who committed suicide: MoS Agri

<div class="image-container float_right"><div class="image">Photo by Joe Raedle/Getty ImagesRicky Swift waits to apply for <keyword id="730276" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="Food-stamps">food stamps</keyword> at the Cooperative Feeding Program on February 10, 2011 in Fort Lauderdale, Florida.</div></div>AFTER her son was born in 2008, Melissa Devilma--homeless, jobless and alone--needed help. The <keyword id="6365564" type="CITY" weightage="60" keywordseo="Welfare">welfare</keyword> system stepped in: she received $478 in cash and $367 in food stamps each month, along with housing assistance that lowered the rent on her two-bedroom apartment in Boston to $131. Including health care, taxpayers subsidised her to the tune of $33,000 annually. Ms Devilma used the money to go to college and earn a bachelor's degree. She wants to get off the dole.
But she says that many of the other welfare recipients she knows are reluctant to seek work or an education. Life in the system is hardly gold-plated, but it is comfortable enough. Even Ms Devilma admits that, if it were not for her son and the recent expiry of her cash aid, she would rather live on welfare than take an entry-level job at McDonald's, which she considers unsuited to her level of education. As it is, she would take any job "just so I have that little money to provide for him".
Policy wonks have long debated the extent to which welfare discourages work. Clearly, it can. In very poor countries, where the choice is either to work or to starve, people work long, back-breaking hours growing food. In rich countries, government safety nets limit how far anyone can fall. Yet these nets are hard to design. Welfare states must balance the desire to keep people out of penury with the equally humanitarian desire to not let them drift into lives of indolence and despair.
America's last big welfare reform was in 1996, when Bill Clinton and a Republican-led Congress put time limits on cash benefits and tightened the requirement that able-bodied claimants must seek work. The results have been impressive. The number of people receiving cash benefits under what is now called the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) programme fell from 12.3m people a month in 1996 to 4.1m in 2012. Employment among single mothers rose sharply.
But some worry that welfare is once again encouraging idleness. Paul Ryan, the Republicans' congressional budget guru, frets that America's safety net could become "a hammock that lulls able-bodied people into lives of dependency and complacency". A recent study by the Cato Institute, a libertarian think-tank, tried to add up what a jobless single mother with two children might receive in each state from seven types of benefit: TANF, food stamps, Medicaid (health care for the cash-strapped), housing assistance, utilities assistance, emergency food aid and the programme for Women, Infants and Children. There was huge variation between states. Such a mother might receive a whopping $49,175 worth of benefits in Hawaii, the most generous state, but only $16,984 in Mississippi, the least.
Michael Tanner and Charles Hughes, the study's authors, argue that welfare is too generous. In 39 states, their hypothetical single mother would make more from benefits than a secretary does from work. In 11, she would make more than a first-year teacher. For many Americans, says Mr Tanner, not working is a "rational alternative" to working.
Critics cite two objections to Cato's methodology. First, most people on welfare do not receive all the benefits that its hypothetical single mother does. For example, only 15% of those receiving TANF benefits also receive housing benefit, which forms a huge part of the Cato package. (True enough, says Mr Tanner, but since there is usually a waiting list for housing benefit, the long-term unemployed are far more likely to receive it.)
Second, in comparing the rewards of work and welfare, the Cato study fails to take proper account of the fact that many benefits keep flowing even after the recipient has found work. In 2011 roughly 86% of children receiving Medicaid came from working families, according to the Centre on Budget and Policy Priorities (CBPP), a left-leaning think-tank. Most able-bodied adults in households with children that receive food stamps work.
Measuring the benefits that flesh-and-blood Americans actually receive is difficult because the system is unbelievably complex. Cato counts 126 separate federal anti-poverty programmes, including 72 that provide "cash or in-kind benefits to individuals". The states have many more. Some parts of the system make little sense. For example, the food-stamps programme is run by the Department of Agriculture; not because it has any logical connection with welfare, but because Congress long ago yoked food stamps to farm subsidies so that urban and rural lawmakers would vote for each other's pet handouts.
The federal government's main tool for making work pay is the earned-income tax credit (EITC), a negative income tax that tops up the earnings of low-paid workers. For example, a single mother with one child will receive a credit that rises to $3,250 a year as she approaches $9,600 in earnings. This will remain steady until she makes $17,500, at which point it starts to be phased out.
Embraced by both parties, the EITC is considered a success. The CBPP estimates that, along with a similar child tax credit, it lifted 9.4m people out of poverty in 2011. But it does funny things to marginal tax rates: in the phase-out period relatively low-paid workers keep shockingly little of each extra dollar they earn.
<h3>Snakes and ladders</h3>
Other means-tested goodies compound the problem. As a low-paid worker moves up the income scale, benefits are gradually withdrawn. The Congressional Budget Office (CBO), a non-partisan number-cruncher, looked at how this might affect a single mother with one child in a typical state (Pennsylvania) in 2012.
<div class="image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image"><keyword id="425741" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="The-Economist">The Economist</keyword></div></div></div>When her income exceeded $4,900, she would have lost TANF. At around $23,000, she would have lost food stamps and federal housing assistance. The CBO calculates that her effective marginal tax rate would range from a modest 17% to a jaw-dropping 95% (see chart 1). If the prospect of keeping only five cents of each extra dollar earned does not discourage work, it is hard to imagine what might. And the CBO's calculation does not include Medicaid and several other means-tested benefits.
Since welfare reform made it harder for the able-bodied jobless to claim benefits, the number of Americans claiming to be disabled has risen fast (see chart 2). In July roughly 8.9m disabled workers received an average of $1,130 each month from the Social Security Trust Fund. That is up from roughly 455,000 in 1960 and 4.4m in 1996. After the financial crisis, when many Americans lost jobs, disability claims spiked again. The most common complaints are of "musculo-skeletal" and mental problems, such as bad backs, depression and anxiety, which are hard to verify.
<div class="image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image">The Economist</div></div></div>
Have these ailments grown much more common? Senator Tom Coburn, a Republican budget hawk from Oklahoma (and a practising doctor), doubts it. "We looked at a lot of cases, and 30% or 40% of them, no way those people were disabled," he says. "At least one-third of people getting disability payments are able to work. I reviewed about 100 of these records myself, as a physician. They're a joke. Lawyer after lawyer just changed their diagnosis through time to finally get an administrative law judge to approve it."
To be fair, it is often hard to judge how ill a claimant is. Your correspondent met Evette, for instance, picking up food from a charity in Austell, Georgia. She had been in a car crash. She says that she now has such persistent vertigo that she cannot do her job. (She was a bus driver.) Georgia disagrees, and has rejected her claim for disability benefit. She complains: "They said my condition isn't critical; just uncomfortable. I said: 'You're not in my body. How would you know?'" She adds: "Sometimes I feel like Georgia tries to make it frustrating so people…just give up." Social Security's Disability Insurance programme is forecast to go bust in 2016.
<div class="image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image">The Economist</div></div></div>In many other rich countries public health care is imperfect but available to all. In America it is reserved for the old and impecunious. So for some Americans under 65, there is a risk that a pay rise means losing your health insurance. Barack Obama's health reform tackles this by greatly expanding subsidies. From next year Medicaid will be available to people with incomes up to 138% of the federal poverty level, and those with incomes up to 400% of that level will be eligible for subsidised health insurance. But still, as with all means-tested benefits, the phase-out will penalise some people for earning more.
If the main aim of welfare is to help people pick themselves up and get back into work, different states have wildly different success rates. The proportion of TANF claimants engaged in "work activities" ranges from 17% in Missouri to 88% in Idaho (see chart 3). This is the official measure, but not an adequate one, since so many welfare recipients are not enrolled in TANF. Last summer the Department of Health and Human Services, which oversees TANF, allowed states to change or waive the programme's work requirements, so long as they come up with an alternative plan to encourage work.
Some states do more. Minnesota uses a data-heavy "self-support index" that tracks how many welfare recipients are working or have been weaned from cash aid after three years. Since 1997 Utah's Department of Workforce Services, which administers TANF in the state, has worked with the University of Utah to evaluate what works in getting people off welfare and back to work. In recent years, for instance, Utah has found an uptick in the proportion of welfare claimants who are male. Many lost their jobs during the recession and are eager to learn new skills. Work Success, Utah's scheme for training parents with dependent children, has been pretty effective: 74% of those who used it in the last quarter of 2012 have found jobs.
Washington state has a database that lets different state agencies share information--an obvious trick that is surprisingly rare--and it is developing a risk-modelling programme to assess how best to help each individual, whether that means training, tips for finding a job or drug treatment.
<h3>A leg-up, or a crutch?</h3>
In the nation's capital, meanwhile, little creative thinking is in evidence. Republicans typically want to cut anti-poverty programmes; Democrats want to expand them. Medicaid is growing because of Obamacare; federal housing and child-care assistance are being squeezed by the sequester. Republicans are keen to take a slice out of food stamps, spending on which has more than doubled since 2008.
But there is little talk of simplifying America's welfare system. Britain is trying to fuse multiple benefits into one and place a cap on the total that any individual may receive. Germany has brought its jobless rate down impressively, partly by creating one-stop shops where the unemployed both claim benefits and are shown how to find work or acquire new skills. Yet America remains stuck with a system so complex that even its fans struggle to measure how well it works.
A simpler system that tried to encourage work at every step would fit with the grain of American society. Americans who find jobs often stop claiming benefits to which they are entitled. This may be because the system forces them to re-apply for such benefits, which can be a hassle. But it may also be because they take pride in supporting themselves, says Mr Tanner.
Mirta Rodriguez certainly does. Four years ago she signed up for benefits in Boston so that she could support her family while looking for work. A single mother of three, she eventually received cash assistance, food stamps and Medicaid.
Welfare helped her survive while studying--she now has a degree and a job as a manager at a neighbourhood centre. "I had clear goals," she says. "I wasn't raised to sit at home expecting a check to come in the mail."
Click <a href="https://subscriptions.economist.com/nwcd">here</a> to subscribe to The Economist

America's Welfare State Is Not Working Nearly As Well As It Should

Meet <keyword id="3422364" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Savitri-Kashyap">Savitri Kashyap</keyword>, a young <keyword id="6501319" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="tribal-girl">tribal girl</keyword> belonging to a small farmer family from Chhattisgarh’s <keyword id="68723" type="CITY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Bastar">Bastar</keyword> district who has become the talk of the town lately, after she recently cracked the highly-competitive IIT-JEE (Advanced) exam this year. 
 Before we tell you more about her and her feat, it’s important to throw some light on the city she hails from. Just 2 days back, at least 45 Maoists surrendered before police and a total of 240 of them have given up since the start of the year. Living in this place, where crimes like fake encounters, cold-blooded murders, and rapes are rampant, it’s as close as one can get to hell. Maoists here have taken up arms against the government and urge many like <keyword id="166738" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Savitri">Savitri</keyword>’s family to either join them in their violence, or be ready to be tortured or killed. The women are raped at their own will. Fear runs through this society day and night. These extremists are also against any kind of education being given to children, especially if its state-sponsored because their fight is against the government. 
 
In such circumstances, for Savitri to be able to secure an All India Rank of 1135 in one of India’s toughest competitive exam when her family is not financially sound enough to afford her education, is a huge feat. 
 
The humble girl credits her success entirely to the government assistance she received in being able to arrange the resources to study and prepare for the exam. "Had it not been for my teachers, I couldn't have done this," she says. 
 
The government programme she enrolled herself in is called 'Prayas Programme' which was started back in 2010 by the state's tribal welfare department. Students from the Left Wing Extremism (LWE) districts and other tribal areas are kept in tribal hostels in the capital Raipur and are imparted coaching along with the regular studies at the higher secondary level. However, this too didn’t come easy for Savitri, as she had to appear for an entrance exam and qualify it to be able to avail the benefits of the programme. 
 
But, once she got into the program, she could get the books to study and guidance from her school teachers to prepare for the exam. Soon, she became the lone kid from not only Bastar, but Chhattisgarh to crack IIT-JEE (Mains). Time flew, as she continued studying hard with a newer self confidence, only to crack the JEE Advanced as well! 
 Savitri’s father <keyword id="3424524" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="mahadev-kashyap">Mahadev Kashyap</keyword>, is entirely dependent on his 10 acres of land for providing a basic life to his six daughters and a son. He is a proud father as three of his daughters are already well placed in decent government job, and Savitri is scaling newer heights. 
This little girl has already made her village proud, and dreams to study in IIT Kharagpur. 
 
We wish her all the very best in all her endeavours! Way to go, girl! 
 
(Image credit: ANI)

This story of a farmer's daughter, who cracked IIT-JEE even as her family reeled under Maoist threat, will leave you truly inspired

<keyword id="20934456" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="food-safety-regulator" source="keywords">Food safety regulator</keyword> <keyword id="20225209" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="FSSAI" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="FSSAI" meta.hostid="153" meta.entityid="FSSAI">FSSAI</keyword> on Thursday said it is in the process of collecting pan-India samples of Nestle's Cerelac <keyword id="21363372" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="baby-cereals" source="keywords">baby cereals</keyword>, amid a global report that claimed the company was adding higher <keyword id="21343237" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="sugar-content" source="keywords">sugar content</keyword> in the product. "We are collecting samples (of Nestle's Cerelac baby cereals) from across the country. It will take 15-20 days to complete the process," Food Safety and Standards Authority (FSSAI) CEO G Kamala Vardhana Rao told PTI on the sidelines of an Assocham event on food fortification. FSSAI is a statutory body under the administration of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. The move comes following concerns about alleged high sugar content in Nestle's baby food products expressed by both the consumer affairs ministry and the National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) after taking note of a global report published by Swiss NGO Public Eye. The global report has claimed that Nestle sold baby products with higher sugar content in less developed South Asian countries including India, Africa and Latin American nations as compared to markets in Europe. However, Nestle India has maintained that it never compromises on compliance and it has reduced added sugar in baby food products in India by up to 30 per cent depending on variants over the past five years. Earlier, addressing the Assocham event, the FSSAI CEO highlighted the importance of food fortification for human health and called for fortification beyond rice to include millets and other alternative foods. FMCG firms have introduced varieties of millet-based products in the last few years and they can further expand the basket of nutritional foods in the country, he added. The CEO also unveiled an Assocham's knowledge report 'Fortifying India's Future: Significance of Food Fortification and Nutrition' on the occasion. LT Foods Global Branded Business CEO Vivek Chandra, Shariqua Yunus of World Food Programme, Fortify Health CEO Tony Senanyake and Farm to Fork Solutions CEO Umesh Kamble also spoke about food fortification. SEE ALSO:<a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/jiocinema-introduces-new-ad-free-premium-plans-starting-at-29/articleshow/109581033.cms" target="_blank"></a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/jiocinema-introduces-new-ad-free-premium-plans-starting-at-29/articleshow/109581033.cms" target="_blank">An Ambani disruption in OTT: At just ₹1 per day, you can now enjoy ad-free content on JioCinema</a><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/mobile/news/realme-narzo-70-narzo-70x-5g-smartphones-launched-in-india-starting-at-11999/articleshow/109557895.cms" target="_blank"></a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/mobile/news/realme-narzo-70-narzo-70x-5g-smartphones-launched-in-india-starting-at-11999/articleshow/109557895.cms" target="_blank">Realme Narzo 70, Narzo 70X 5G smartphones launched in India starting at ₹11,999</a><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/apple-let-loose-event-scheduled-for-may-7-ipads-expected-to-be-launched/articleshow/109553148.cms" target="_blank"></a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/apple-let-loose-event-scheduled-for-may-7-ipads-expected-to-be-launched/articleshow/109553148.cms" target="_blank">Apple Let Loose event scheduled for May 7 – New iPad models expected to be launched</a>

FSSAI in process of collecting pan-India samples of Nestle's Cerelac baby cereals: CEO

New Delhi, Construction of two crore more houses will be done under the Pradhan Mantri Awas <keyword id="19955331" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="yojana" source="keywords">Yojana</keyword> (<keyword id="20414289" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="gramin" source="keywords">Gramin</keyword>) in the next five years, <keyword id="19955404" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="finance" source="keywords">Finance</keyword> Minister <keyword id="19916618" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="nirmala-sitharaman" source="keywords">Nirmala Sitharaman</keyword> said on Thursday. Presenting a vote on account or an interim budget for 2024-25, she said the implementation of the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) continued despite the COVID-19 pandemic, and the target of constructing three crore rural houses will be met soon. "Despite the challenges due to COVID-19, the implementation of the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (Gramin) continued, and we are close to achieving the target of three crore houses," <keyword id="19916494" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="sitharaman" source="keywords">Sitharaman</keyword> said. "Two crore more houses will be taken up in the next five years to meet the requirement arising from the increase in the number of families" she said in her pre-election budget . The PMAY(G) is a social welfare programme to provide housing for the rural poor in the country. Under the scheme, an assistance of Rs 1.20 lakh is given in plain areas and Rs 1.30 lakh in hilly areas. The cost of the scheme is borne by the central government and a state government in a 60:40 ratio.

2 crore more houses to be constructed under PMAY(G) in next 5 years: FM

Jamnagar (Gujarat) [India], February 28 (ANI): The pre-wedding festivities of Reliance Industries Chairman Mukesh <keyword id="19898589" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="ambani" source="keywords">Ambani</keyword>'s youngest son Anant Ambani, who is set to tie the knot with industrialist Viren Merchant's daughter, Radhika Merchant, have started with 'anna seva'. At Jogwad village near Reliance Township in Jamnagar, Mukesh Ambani, Anant Amband other members of the Ambani family, including Radhika Merchant, served traditional Gujarati food to the villagers. Radhika's maternal grandmother and parents - Viren and Shaila Merchant - also took part in the 'anna seva'. Food will be served to about 51,000 local residents, which will continue for the next few days. The Ambani family has organized 'anna seva' to seek the blessings of the local community for the pre-wedding celebrations of Anant Ambani and Radhika Merchant. After the meal, the attendees enjoyed traditional folk music. Famous Gujarati singer Kirtidan Gadhvi stole the show with his singing. Sharing food is an old tradition in the Ambani family. The Ambani family has been serving food on auspicious family occasions. When the country was grappling with coronavirus pandemic, Reliance Foundation, under the leadership of Anant Ambani's mother Nita Ambani, ran a large food distribution programme. Taking forward the family tradition, Anant Ambani has started his pre-wedding functions with anna seva. The pre-wedding functions are expected to be traditional and grand. Guests will get to experience the beauty of Indian culture at the pre-wedding festivities. The guests at the occasion will receive traditional scarves made by women artisans from Kachchh and Lalpur in Gujarat. Qatar Prime Minister Mohammed bin Abdulrahman bin Jassim Al Thani, Queen of Bhutan Jetsun Pema, Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg, Adobe CEO Shantanu Narayen, and Saudi Aramco Chairperson Yasir Al Rumayyan are among those invited for the celebrations scheduled between March 1-3. The guest list also includes former Prime Minister of Sweden Carl Bildt, former Prime Minister of Canada Stephen Harper, President of Google Donald Harrison, former President of Bolivia President Jorge Quiroga, former Prime Minister of Australia Kevin Rudd and Chairperson World Economic Forum Klaus Schwab. CEO and MD ADNOC Dr Sultan Al Jaber, CEO bp Murray Auchincloss, Chairman and Founder Colony Capital <keyword id="20770673" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="thomas-barrack" source="keywords">Thomas Barrack</keyword>, , CEO JC2 Ventures John Chambers, former CEO bp Bob Dudley, President of Global Development at BMGF Christopher Elias, Executive Chairman at Exor John Elkann, and CEO of Endeavor Ari Emanuel are also expected to be in Jamnagar next month. Chairman and CEO BlackRock Larry Fink, CEO Brookfield Asset Management Bruce Flatt, Co-chair Board member BMGF Bill Gates, COO BlackRock Rob L Goldstein, Managing Director Morgan Stanley Michael Grimes, Chairman Hilton &amp; Hyland Richard Hilton, Vice Chairman Berkshire Hathway Ajit Jain, Board Member Mandarin Oriental Archie Keswick, Scientist Dr Richard Klausner, Businessman Jared Kushner, Founder <keyword id="20626887" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="thrive-capital" source="keywords">Thrive Capital</keyword> Joshua Kushner, Former CEO bp Bernard Looney, Former Governor Businessman Terry McAuliffe, Scientist and Entrepreneur <keyword id="20770671" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="yuri-milner" source="keywords">Yuri Milner</keyword>, Founder and CEO Lupa Systems James Murdoch, President and CEO Aramco Amin H Nasser, Founder NV Investments <keyword id="20770672" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="vivi-nevo" source="keywords">Vivi Nevo</keyword>, Former Dean Harvard Business School Nitin Nohria, COO Meta Javier Olivan, Vice Chairman Bank of America Purna Saggurti, , Founder and CEO Steel Perlot Michelle Ritter, Founder Schmidt Futures Eric Schmidt, Founding and Managing Partner Sherpalo Ram Shriram, CEO Sanmina Corp Jure Sola, CEO Enterprise GP Jim Teague, Group Chairman HSBC Holdings Plc Mark Tucker, and journalist Fareed Zakaria are among some of the other expected guests. Recently, Reliance Foundation posted a video on their Instagram handle in which women from Gujarat can be seen curating Bandhani scarves for the wedding functions of Anant and Radhika. In the clip, one can also see Nita Ambani, the founder and chairperson of Reliance Foundation, meeting the artisans and expressing her happiness for their hard work. "These women pour their hearts and souls into the craft, preserving age-old techniques and breathing life into stories as ancient as the land itself. Swadesh is empowering communities and preserving age-old craftsmanship," Reliance Foundation captioned the post. Ushering in the much-awaited wedding, the Ambani family has also facilitated the construction of new temples within a sprawling temple complex in Jamnagar, Gujarat. Featuring intricately carved pillars, sculptures of Gods and Goddesses, fresco-style paintings, and architecture inspired by generations of artistic heritage, the temple complex keeps India's rich cultural and spiritual identity at the heart of the wedding festivities. Brought to life by master sculptors, the temple art employs age-old techniques and traditions. The initiative highlights the incredible skills of local artisans, reflecting Nita Ambani's vision of preserving and promoting Indian heritage, tradition and culture. Anant and Radhika got engaged in a traditional ceremony in January 2023 at the family's residence Antilia in Mumbai. Isha Ambani, Akash Ambani and Anant Ambani, the three children of Mukesh-Nita Ambani, have been closely involved with and are leading and managing key businesses of RIL over the last few years including retail, digital services and energy and materials businesses. They also serve on the boards of the key subsidiaries of Reliance Industries. While Isha M Ambani has been driving the expansion of Reliance Retail, Akash M. Ambani is serving as the Chairman of Reliance Jio Infocomm Limited (RJIL) since June 2022 and Anant M Ambani is driving the expansion of energy and materials businesses of Reliance Industries. Isha and Akash got married in 2018 and 2019, respectively. Anant Ambani is also involved with several compassionate initiatives to rehabilitate at-risk animals and provide them care and dignity in their residual life. Reliance Industries and Reliance Foundation this Monday launched Vantara, a paradigm-shifting initiative for animal welfare in the heart of Gujarat's green belt. Vantara (Star of the Forest), an ambitious programme is dedicated to the rescue, treatment, care, and rehabilitation of animals in need. (ANI)

You Searched For "the family welfare programme" and got 12 results

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‘United Health Interface will do to service delivery what UPI did to payments’

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e-RUPI explained — India’s new electronic voucher-based payment system to reduce leakage in welfare programmes

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America's Welfare State Is Not Working Nearly As Well As It Should

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This story of a farmer's daughter, who cracked IIT-JEE even as her family reeled under Maoist threat, will leave you truly inspired

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Anant Ambani, Radhika Merchant's pre-wedding celebrations begin with 'anna seva'

ANI

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