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The first uncrewed <keyword id="139576" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="space-mission" source="Orion">space mission</keyword> part of India's Rs 9,023 crore human <keyword id="41531" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="space" source="Orion">space</keyword> mission called 'Gaganyaan' is slated for the second half of 2022, the government said. Answering a question raised in the Rajya Sabha, Union Minister of Science and Technology Dr. Jitendra Singh on Thursday said the test vehicle flight for validation of Crew Escape System performance and the first <keyword id="12710280" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="uncrewed-mission" source="Orion">uncrewed mission</keyword> of Gaganyaan are scheduled during the beginning of second half of 2022. This will be followed by a second un<keyword id="9615699" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="crewed-mission" source="Orion">crewed mission</keyword> and first crewed mission, Singh added. According to him, the design of all systems of Gaganyaan has been completed. Realisation of various systems are in different stages of progress. Ground qualification tests of human rated launch vehicle (rocket) propulsion stages have already commenced and are progressing successfully. "The configuration and design of ground infrastructure has been completed and modifications needed are being implemented. The MoU, contracts and Implementation arrangement (IA) related activities with both national and international agencies are progressing well," Singh said. "Receipt of deliverables has commenced against contracts with M/s Glavkosmos (Russian Space Agency) for space suit, crew seat and View port. Also receipt of deliverables under various work packages of CNES (French Space Agency) IA has commenced," Singh added. The activities related to development of microgravity experiments have commenced, the conceptual design for experiments is under review. The astronaut training facility is getting established at Bengaluru and in an advanced stage of completion. Basic Aeromedical training and flying practice completed as part of the Indian leg of training. The objective of Gaganyaan programme is to demonstrate the capability to send humans to low earth orbit (LEO) onboard an Indian rocket and bring them back to earth safely. On the question raised about the status of India's third moon mission — <keyword id="8011274" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="chandrayaan-3" source="Orion">Chandrayaan-3</keyword> — he said it is in the advanced stage of realisation. All the systems in both Propulsion Module and Rover Module have been realised, integrated and tested. In the Lander Module, most of the systems have been realised and tests are under progress. Integrated Sensors and Navigation performance tests on the Lander have been completed and other tests are in progress. All the identified tests will be completed before the launch of Chandrayaan-3, he said. Chandrayaan-3 is targeted to be launched in the second quarter of financial year 2022 -2023. SEE ALSO: <h2 style="margin-bottom: 8px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5; font-family: LabGrotesque-Black, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(17, 17, 17); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a class="list-title-link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/mobile/news/moto-g51-5g-vs-redmi-note-11t-5g-specs-price-features-mobile-phone-comparison/slidelist/88201819.cms">Moto G51 5G vs Redmi Note 11T 5G: Which smartphone is better under ₹20,000?</a></h2><h2 style="margin-bottom: 8px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5; font-family: LabGrotesque-Black, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(17, 17, 17); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a class="list-title-link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/google-is-bringing-android-games-to-windows-devices-in-2022/articleshow/88201353.cms">Google is bringing Android games to Windows devices in 2022</a></h2>

India's first unmanned space mission scheduled for launch in 2022; Chandrayaan-3 moon mission in advanced stages of realisation

President Droupadi Murmu on Friday voiced concern over increasing <keyword id="20715750" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="space-debris" source="keywords">space debris</keyword> as a result of numerous satellites being placed in orbit and lauded <keyword id="19915124" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="ISRO" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="ISRO" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="ISRO">ISRO</keyword> for setting itself a target to make future <keyword id="20018231" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="space-missions" source="keywords">space missions</keyword> debris free by 2030. Murmu was speaking at the celebration of the maiden <keyword id="22301946" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="National-Space-Day" source="keywords">National Space Day</keyword> celebrations to mark the first anniversary of the landing of India's Chandrayaan-3 project. "Space debris can cause problems for space missions," she said during the event at Bharat Mandapam in New Delhi that was attended by Union minister Jitendra Singh, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) Chairman S Somanath, engineers, ISRO scientists and representatives of the country's nascent space industry. The president appreciated the ISRO System for Safe &amp; Sustainable Operations Management facility, which ensures continuous progress of space research activities. "I am also happy to note that India is moving forward to make all its space missions debris free by 2030," Murmu said. The president presented awards to winners of the Robotics Challenge and the Bharatiya Antariksh Hackathon on the occasion. The president said ISRO had made remarkable achievements in the space sector as well as invaluable contributions to the country's social and economic development. She appreciated the dedicated scientists who placed India's space programme among the best in the world by using minimum resources. Murmu also expressed confidence that the country would make continuous progress in space science and continue to set new standards of excellence. The president said the progress of India's space sector was extraordinary. "Be it a successfully completed Mars mission with limited resources or the successful launch of more than a hundred satellites at once, we have made many impressive achievements," Murmu said. The president said space exploration had increased the capabilities of human beings and transformed imagination into reality. "But space exploration is a challenging task. Research conducted to solve the problems during space exploration accelerates the development of science and improves human life," she said. The president said many sectors, including health and medicine, transportation, security, energy, environment and information technology, had benefited from developments in the space sector. The president pointed out that with the opening of the space sector to private entities, the number of start-ups had increased at a very rapid pace. "This has not only brought progress in space research but also given new opportunities to our youth to showcase and hone their talents," Murmu said. The president said she was happy to note that just a few months ago, an Indian company successfully launched a single-piece 3D-printed semi-cryogenic engine-powered rocket, the first such achievement. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/auto/webstories/2024-tvs-jupiter-vs-honda-activa-6g-which-110cc-scooter-should-you-buy/slidelist/112730069.cms">2024 TVS Jupiter vs Honda Activa 6G – which 110cc scooter should you buy?</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/how-to/how-to-add-music-to-instagram-profile/articleshow/112732934.cms">You can now add music to your Instagram profile – here's how</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/auto/news/audi-q8-facelift-launched-in-india-with-a-1-17-crore-price-tag/slidelist/112707701.cms">Audi Q8 facelift launched in India with a ₹1.17 crore price tag</a>

President Murmu voices concern over increasing space debris

India's journey through space missions and milestones

<ul><li>India is lauded for bringing about cost-effective space exploration globally. </li><li>But, most of India’s missions, like Mangalyaan and the upcoming Gaganyaan, are technology demonstrators rather than long term voyages to collect data. </li><li>Bringing the Space Activities Bill to fruition to allow for private participation might be one way that India can plan for longer and more indulgent space missions. </li></ul>India is globally touted for its cost effective space missions. <keyword id="45499" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Chandrayaan">Chandrayaan</keyword> 2, for example, is revered for being cheaper than producing <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-cheaper-than-avengers-endgame-what-the-foreign-press-says/articleshow/70208309.cms">Avengers: Endgame</a>. Mangalyaan is celebrated as the <a href="https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2014/09/23/how-india-mounted-the-worlds-cheapest-mission-to-mars/">most affordable</a> mission to Mars in the world. But there’s a catch. Cutting down on costs for space exploration means that India is able to collect less data and its missions are quick. "There are many factors. The entire cycle, the entire process of building a space mission is compromised," Chaitanya Giri, a fellow for space and ocean studies at Gateway House — a think tank focussing of India’s global relations — told Business Insider India. Shorter timelines "So, we’re not investing in these missions as long duration missions. So, if you look at the European Space Agency (<a href="https://m.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/How_a_mission_is_chosen">ESA</a>), for instance, classifies its space missions into three categories — the S class, the M class and the L class (small, medium and large class)," explains Giri. The National Aeronautics and Space Agency (<a href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20180007026.pdf">NASA</a>) also classifies its missions from Class A to D depending on the priority of the mission, its national significance, the mission’s lifetime and how much it’s going to cost. "For instance, there are a few American missions that have been going on for over a decade. And, that takes a lot of money," Giri adds. In India, on the other hand, most of the projects have very short timelines. <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/after-mangalyaan-india-wants-to-be-the-first-to-explore-the-dark-side-of-the-moon/articleshow/64793523.cms">Mangalyaan</a> was sanctioned and deployed within a span of two years. <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/how-india-is-inching-a-step-closer-to-its-mission-of-sending-an-astronaut-into-space-by-2022/articleshow/66632355.cms">Gangayaan</a> was announced in 2018 and has plans to get astronauts off the ground by 2021. Even <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/what-were-the-challenges-with-chandrayaan-1/articleshow/70202192.cms">Chandrayaan 1</a>, India’s mission to the moon that led to the discovery of water was announced in 2003 and launched by 2008. It was planned that the mission would operate for 2 years, but communication with the probe was lost after 10 months. MAVEN vs MOM The <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/mars-orbiter-mission-completes-4-years-in-pictures/articleshow/65972664.cms">Mars Orbiter Mission</a>, or Mangalyaan, was sanctioned in 2011 and launched a mere two years later in 2013 on a budget of $74 million. NASA’s Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) spacecraft, on the other hand, cost $671 million and launched a little later in 2013. Explaining the difference between the Mars missions, Giri states, "MOM, when it was launched, was touted as a technology demonstrator mission. We had never gone to Mars before, so the prerogative was to reach there and take those sojourn of months and do some basic science. Secondly, we went there on a PSLV rocket. PSLV can only carry a spacecraft, that’s at most, 1.5 tonnes." "And, if you look in comparison, the MAVEN was much heavier. MAVEN was laden a lot of diverse instruments and we were carrying only 5 instruments. So, we can’t really expect much science from those five instruments," Giri adds. More money more power India’s smaller budgets aren’t a matter of choice but necessity. ESA and NASA aren’t exclusively dependent on government spending — they nurture the private space industrial sector as well. In India, private participation in what is largely considered to be ISRO’s domain, is absent. And, one of the things standing in the way is the Space Activities Bill. "Space Activities Bill has not been discussed in the Parliament. The first version was tabled but it was never taken up. There needs to be some consensus within the space industrial sector in India. If there is unity among them, then things might proceed," says Giri. The government is reportedly <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india-space-activities-bill-addresses-damage-in-outer-space/articleshow/69960212.cms">processing the bill</a> to align its liabilities in outer space with international standards. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/heres-why-chandrayaan-2-is-landmark-moon-mission-for-india/articleshow/69842571.cms">India's second moon mission Chandrayaan 2 that will cost ₹10 billion will break new records</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india-is-spending-1-4-billion-on-a-space-trip-and-there-are-bigger-plans-involved/articleshow/65591318.cms">India is spending $1.4 billion on a space trip and there are bigger plans involved</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/union-budget-2019-isros-new-commerical-arm-is-new-space-india-limited/articleshow/70086097.cms">India forms a new space company to sell ISRO’s space technology products</a>

India’s low cost space missions come at a price

<ul><li>Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi is ready to share India's space technology with the rest of the world — but only with 'friendly countries'. </li><li>India is known for its pocket friendly missions like its most recent mission to the moon — Chandrayaan 2. </li><li>India is also trying to break into the space launch market with ISRO first fully commercial launch exclusively for foreign satellites pegged to launch later this month. </li></ul>The Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi is ready to share India's budget space technology with the rest of the world — but only to 'friendly' countries. "I am happy to state that India would be happy to help other friendly countries develop land restoration strategies through cost-effective satellite and space technology," stated Modi during the United Nations Conference of the Parties (<a href="https://www.unccd.int/conventionconference-parties-cop/cop14-2-13-september-new-delhi-india">UN-COP</a>) 14 to combat desertification. India's most recent mission to moon, Chandrayaan 2, cost ₹10 billion ($140 million). It's lauded for being cheaper than the budget of <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-cheaper-than-avengers-endgame-what-the-foreign-press-says/articleshow/70208309.cms">Avengers: Endgame.</a> India's Mars Orbiter Mission (<a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/mars-orbiter-mission-completes-4-years-in-pictures/articleshow/65972664.cms">MOM</a>) — also called <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/akshay-kumars-mission-mangal-could-miss-facts-about-mangalyaan/articleshow/70498232.cms">Mangalyaan</a> — also impressed the world by reaching the Red Planet on a budget of ₹4.5 billion ($74 million). Even the upcoming <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/indias-first-manned-mission-to-space-may-have-women-too/articleshow/67486206.cms">Gaganyaan mission</a>, which is India's first attempt to send astronauts into space, has expected to cost less than ₹100 billion ($1.43 billion). The price of keeping costs down India's exploration of space might be considered <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india-low-cost-chandrayaan-and-mars-missions-come-at-a-price/articleshow/70226652.cms">budget friendly but it comes at a price.</a> These missions are mostly undertaken to demonstrate India's technological prowess. Other space agencies around the world, like the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the European Space Agency (ESA), spend a lot more on their voyages into outer space — and have a lot more to gain as well. ESA's missions are categorised from Class A to D, depending on the priority of the mission, its national significance, the mission's lifetime and how much it's going to cost. The longer the mission, the more expensive it likely will be. Capturing the launch market It's not only India's missions into space that are pocket friendly, but also their launch technology. Later this month on 16 September 2019, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) plans to conduct its first ever commercial launch catering exclusively to foreign satellites. It will be launching two British satellites — Novasar and S1-4 — aboard its PSLV C-42 rocket from the launch pad in Sriharikota. "Subsequent two PSLV mission will also carry foreign satellites. However those missions will be on sharing mode (also carrying Indian payloads)," ISRO Chairman K Sivan told <a href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/isro-to-launch-rocket-solely-for-foreign-satellites-in-september/articleshow/65061764.cms">Times of India</a>. As of now, NASA dominates the commercial satellite launch market. India's apex space agency has only managed to muster 0.6% share of the market pegged at ₹36 billion. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india-low-cost-chandrayaan-and-mars-missions-come-at-a-price/articleshow/70226652.cms">India's low cost space missions come at a price</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/heres-why-chandrayaan-2-is-landmark-moon-mission-for-india/articleshow/69842571.cms">India's second moon mission Chandrayaan 2 that will cost ₹10 billion will break new records</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/5-Surprising-Things-That-Cost-More-Than-Indias-Historic-Mission-To-Mars/articleshow/43332986.cms">5 Surprising Things That Cost More Than India's Historic Mission To Mars</a>

Modi offers India's cost-effective technology but only to 'friendly' nations

<keyword id="6360701" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="SpaceX" source="Orion">SpaceX</keyword> engineer <keyword id="12690875" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Anna-Menon" source="Orion">Anna Menon</keyword> will be among the crew of a unique space mission announced on Monday by US billionaire <keyword id="10689976" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Jared-Isaacman" source="Orion">Jared Isaacman</keyword>, who had commanded a human spaceflight mission last year. <keyword id="17256" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="menon" source="Orion">Menon</keyword> is a Lead Space Operations Engineer at SpaceX, where she manages the development of crew operations and serves in mission control as both a Mission Director and crew communicator, a SpaceX release said. Isaacman, the founder and CEO of American payment processing company Shift4, who had commanded the Inspiration4 mission, announced the Polaris Programme, a first-of-its-kind effort to rapidly advance human spaceflight capabilities, while continuing to raise funds and awareness for important causes here on Earth. The programme will consist of up to three human spaceflight missions that will demonstrate new technologies, conduct extensive research, and ultimately culminate in the first flight of SpaceX's Starship with humans on board. The first mission is named <keyword id="13176218" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Polaris-Dawn" source="Orion">Polaris Dawn</keyword>, which is targeted to launch no earlier than the fourth quarter of 2022 from NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The Polaris Dawn mission has many first-time objectives, so the Polaris Programme chose a crew of experts who know each other well and have a foundation of trust they can build upon as they undergo the challenges of this mission. Menon is Mission Specialist and Medical Officer. In addition to Isaacman, the crew includes Menon, a veteran member of Isaacman's team Scott Poteet and SpaceX employee Sarah Gillis. During her tenure at SpaceX, Menon has led the implementation of Dragon's crew capabilities, helped create the crew communicator operator role, and developed critical operational responses to vehicle emergencies, such as a fire or cabin depressurisation. Anna served in mission control during multiple cargo and crew Dragon missions, including Demo-2, Crew-1, CRS-22, and CRS-23. Prior to SpaceX, she worked for seven years at NASA as a biomedical flight controller for the International Space Station. She is the wife of Indian-origin physician Anil Menon, a lieutenant colonel at the US Air Force, who was selected by NASA in December last year along with nine others to be astronauts for future missions. Anil Menon, 45, was born and raised in Minneapolis, Minnesota, to Ukrainian and Indian immigrants. He was SpaceX's first flight surgeon, helping to launch the company's first humans to space during NASA's SpaceX Demo-2 mission and building a medical organisation to support the human system during future missions. He previously served NASA as the crew flight surgeon for various expeditions taking astronauts to the International Space Station. SpaceX said the Dragon mission will take advantage of Falcon 9 and Dragon's maximum performance, flying higher than any Dragon mission to date and endeavouring to reach the highest Earth orbit ever flown. Dragon and the Polaris Dawn crew will spend up to five days in orbit, during which the crew will attempt the first-ever commercial spacewalk, conduct scientific research designed to advance both human health on Earth and our understanding of human health during future long-duration spaceflights, and be the first crew to test Starlink laser-based communications in space, providing valuable data for future space communications systems necessary for missions to the Moon, Mars, and beyond, the company said. SEE ALSO: <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/auto/news/okinawa-autotech-opens-second-plant-in-india-to-manufacture-10-lakh-evs-per-year-by-2024/articleshow/89583160.cms">Okinawa Autotech opens second plant in India, to manufacture 10 lakh EVs per year by 2024</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/mobile/news/foldable-smartphone-shipments-to-exceed-30-million-in-2024-globally-canalys/articleshow/89583294.cms">Foldable smartphone shipments to exceed 30 million in 2024 globally: Canalys</a>

SpaceX engineer Anna Menon to be among crew of new space mission by Jared Isaacman

​10 missions before Chandrayaan-3 that define mankind’s quest to explore the moon ​

President Droupadi Murmu, on Friday visited an exhibition to showcase space technologies and achievements, at Bharat Mandapam, on the maiden <keyword id="22301946" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="National-Space-Day" source="keywords">National Space Day</keyword>. Union Minister Dr Jitendra Singh and <keyword id="19915124" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="ISRO" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="ISRO" meta.hostid="153" meta.entityid="ISRO">ISRO</keyword> Chairman S Somanath were also present. <keyword id="19939985" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="President-Murmu" source="keywords">President Murmu</keyword> extended her greetings on the occasion of the first National Space Day and welcomed the decision to celebrate Space Day on the day <keyword id="19990220" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Chandrayaan" source="keywords">Chandrayaan</keyword> landed on the <keyword id="19899207" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="moon" source="keywords">Moon</keyword>. "It was a glorious moment for all the Indians when ISRO's Chandrayaan landed on the moon. I saw the live telecast of that moment, I was so proud that day like other Indians. To celebrate National Space Day on this occasion is a commendable step. I congratulate all of you on the first National Space Day. ISRO has achieved many feats since its inception". She also expressed her happiness with the student's participation in the event "Happy to see students' participation in this event." Highlighting the significance of <keyword id="19929542" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="space-exploration" source="keywords">space exploration</keyword>, she added "Space exploration has extended human's ability and help complete the imagination of humankind. Space exploration is exciting and challenging at the same time. Health, transportation, environment, energy, security and information technology are benefitted due to the growth in the <keyword id="20242397" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="space-sector" source="keywords">space sector</keyword>". The president termed the growth of the ISRO as extraordinary, "The growth of <keyword id="19895063" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="India" source="keywords">India</keyword>'s space sector is extraordinary, be it Mangalyan mission that was accomplished through minimum resources or launching more than 100 satellites at a time. we have achieved many such feats". She also praised the introduction of private players in the space sector in the country, "Introducing of the private sector in Indian has led to the formation of many <keyword id="22829456" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="space-start-ups" source="keywords">space start-ups</keyword> in India. This has allowed the youths of India to explore the space sector". Expressing her happiness about ISRO's plan to make <keyword id="20793131" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="space-mission" source="keywords">space mission</keyword> debris-free she said "I am happy that India is moving towards making India's space mission debris-free by 2030". India celebrated its first-ever National Space Day on Friday on the theme "Touching Lives While Touching the Moon: India's Space Saga". On 23 August 2023, India achieved a historic milestone when the Chandrayaan-3 lander completed a soft landing on the moon. This remarkable accomplishment made India the 4th country to accomplish this feat and the 1st to land on the lunar South Pole. In recognition of this achievement, Prime Minister Narendra Modi has declared August 23 as National Space Day.

"A glorious moment for all Indians when Chandrayaan landed on moon" says President Murmu on National Space Day

<div id="ooyalaplayer" style="width: 800px; height: 450px;"></div><div style="display:none;" id="kalturavideoplaceholder">kalturavideoplaceholder</div><div><div><div class="g-ytsubscribe" data-channelid="UC9uD-W5zQHQuAVT2GdcLCvg" data-layout="full" data-count="hidden"></div></div></div>Landing humans on the surface of Mars will take technology that hasn't even been developed, yet. It will be unlike any space mission we've ever seen and by far the most difficult in history.Produced by Jessica OrwigFollow BI Video: <a href="https://www.facebook.com/BusinessInsider.video">On Facebook</a>

The most difficult space mission in history is coming

To transform the future of aerospace missions, <keyword id="107353" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="100" keywordseo="National-Aeronautics-and-Space-Administration">National Aeronautics and Space Administration</keyword> (<keyword id="6360409" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="100" keywordseo="NASA">NASA</keyword>) has selected eight technology proposals for investment. These proposals include interplanetary habitats, using which it would be able to induce interplanetary habitats for astronauts who go on long-duration space missions. Other than this, growable habitats can also be robotically assembled in space with these proposals. 
 
NASA said that these proposals will introduce new capabilities, while also significantly improving current approaches of building and operating aerospace systems. 
 
The interplanetary habitat is proposed by Space Works Inc in US and is configured to induce deep sleep for astronauts that go on long-duration space missions. 
 
As per NASA, a novel coating, christened "Solar White", has been developed by Kennedy Space Centre, which is said to be able to reflect more than 99.9% of the Sun's energy. 
 
Another concept has been proposed by Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, which demonstrates low-cost atmospheric satellite powered by a combination of wind and solar energy. This might make it able to stay aloft for weeks or even months at a time. 
 
MSNW Inc in US is developing Magnetoshell Aerocapture for manned missions and planetary deep space orbiters, which will use aerodynamic drag forces that would slow a spacecraft while it lands on a planetary body. 
 
All these projects are still in the early stages of development, and would require 10 or more years of concept maturation and technology development before they can be used on a NASA mission. 
 
<a href="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/QjECZVitU00/maxresdefault.jpg">Image source</a>

NASA has selected eight technology proposals for futuristic investment

<div class="image-container float_right" style="width:400px"><div class="image"></div><keyword id="1334" type="COUNTRY" weightage="60" keywordseo="China">China</keyword> Manned <keyword id="41531" type="COMPANY" weightage="60" keywordseo="space">Space</keyword> Engineering Office A Chinese Long March 2F rocket launches on the Shenzhou 9 mission, China's first manned space docking flight and first flight of a female astronaut, on June 16, 2012 from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center.</div>China announced Thursday (Feb. 28) that it will send three astronauts to space this summer on a docking mission to its orbiting lab, according to news reports.
Carrying three Chinese astronauts the Shenzhou 10 capsule will launch into space atop a Long March-2F rocket sometime between June and August, the <a href="http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2013-02/28/c_132199054.htm">Xinhua news agency</a> reported. Once in orbit, the Shenzhou 10 spacecraft will link up with China's space station prototype, the Tiangong 1 laboratory module.
The new space mission will mark China's second manned docking of two spacecraft in orbit, and the fifth Chinese manned spaceflight. The country's space program achieved its first manned orbital docking 2012, when the three-person crew of <a href="http://www.space.com/16096-china-space-docking-shenzhou-9-gallery.html">Shenzhou 9</a> linked up with Tiangong 1.
China is the third country after Russia and the United States to achieve human spaceflight. The country's first human spaceflight launched in 2003 during the Shenzhou 5 mission that launched Chinese astronaut Yang Liwei into space.
During the upcoming Shenzhou 10 mission, China plans more tests of its spacecraft docking system, as well as the ability of Shenzhou 10 astronauts to adapt to the space environment, Xinhua reported. Officials with China's space agency said general assembly of the Shenzhou 10 spacecraft is complete, and the capsule is currently being tested and the astronauts are undergoing training.
Tiangong 1, which means "Heavenly Palace" in Chinese, launched in September 2011 and was followed by another unmanned vehicle, Shenzhou 8, in November of that same year during a successful docking test flight.
China plans to replace Tiangong 1 with a larger manned space station by 2020. Eventually, China aims to land people on the moon, officials with the country's space program have said.
Follow <keyword id="1188370" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="SPACE-com">SPACE.com</keyword> on Twitter <a href="http://twitter.com/spacedotcom">@Spacedotcom</a>. We're also on <a href="http://www.facebook.com/pages/Spacecom/17610706465">Facebook</a> and <a href="https://plus.google.com/b/109556515093730290049/109556515093730290049">Google+</a>.
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.space.com/11591-china-space-station-tiangong-infographic.html">How China's First Space Station Will Work (Infographic) </a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.space.com/16171-china-space-docking-launch-photos-shenzhou-9.html">Liftoff! Launch Photos of China's Shenzhou 9 Docking Mission </a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.space.com/16172-china-launches-crew-of-three-to-tiangong-1-space-station-video.html">China Launches Crew Of Three To Tiangong 1 Space Station | Video</a></li>
</ul>Copyright <a href="http://space.com/" target="_blank">SPACE.com</a>, a TechMediaNetwork company. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

China Will Launch Another Manned Space Mission This Summer

<ul><li><keyword id="6360409" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="nasa" source="Orion">NASA</keyword>’s future exploration under the Artemis mission will use nuclear fission technology.</li><li>It will also help in establishing long-term preparation for missions to <keyword id="47638" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="mars" source="Orion">Mars</keyword>.</li><li>Nuclear fission technology will be also used for deep space exploration missions.</li></ul>The US space agency NASA has picked three design concept proposals for a nuclear fission surface power system design that could be ready to launch by the end of the decade for a demonstration on the <keyword id="42440" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="moon" source="Orion">Moon</keyword>. This technology would benefit future exploration under the Artemis mission that aims to land the first woman and the first person of colour on the lunar surface and establish long-term exploration in preparation for missions to Mars. Lockheed Martin, Westinghouse and IX (a joint venture from Intuitive Machines and X-Energy), won the 12-month contracts, to be awarded through the DOE's Idaho National Laboratory, which are each valued at approximately $5 million. The contracts fund the development of initial design concepts for a 40-kilowatt class fission power system planned to last at least 10 years in the lunar environment. A demonstration of such systems on the Moon would pave the way for long-duration missions on the Moon and, ultimately, Mars. "New technology drives our exploration of the Moon, Mars, and beyond. Developing these early designs will help us lay the groundwork for powering our long-term human presence on other worlds," Jim Reuter, associate administrator for NASA's <keyword id="2892367" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="space-technology-mission-directorate" source="Orion">Space Technology Mission Directorate</keyword>, said in a statement late on Tuesday. "The Fission Surface Power project is a very achievable first step toward the United States establishing nuclear power on the Moon," added Idaho National Laboratory Director, John Wagner. The Phase 1 awards will provide NASA critical information from industry that can lead to a joint development of a full flight-certified fission power system. Fission surface power technologies also will help NASA mature nuclear propulsion systems that rely on reactors to generate power. These systems could be used for deep space exploration missions. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/tampon-turbulence-is-causing-instacarts-personal-shoppers-to-struggle-to-find-the-item-in-stores/articleshow/92368961.cms">Tampon 'turbulence' is causing Instacart's personal shoppers to struggle to find the item in stores</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/a-whistleblower-who-accused-deepmind-of-failing-to-handle-her-sexual-harassment-complaints-called-on-any-struggling-colleagues-to-quit-your-talents-will-be-valued-elsewhere-/articleshow/92369061.cms">A whistleblower who accused DeepMind of failing to handle her sexual harassment complaints called on any struggling colleagues to quit: 'Your talents will be valued elsewhere.'</a>

NASA selects three firms to design nuclear power plant for moon

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Axiom Space, a startup co-founded by a former NASA space station program manager, has inked a deal to fly all-private missions to orbit with SpaceX rockets and ships.</li><li>Axiom told Business Insider that "part of the crew is locked in" for the first mission, scheduled to launch in 2021, but declined to name those private astronauts.</li><li>NASA says it can accommodate two private missions to the International Space Station (ISS) per year, and Axiom plans to launch that many per year.</li><li>The startup eventually hopes to fly its own modules to the ISS in a few years, then later reconfigure them into a private space station.</li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/?hprecirc-bullet">Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories</a>.</li></ul>Axiom Space, a startup co-founded by a former NASA manager, has inked a deal with SpaceX to launch the first all-private crewed missions into orbit.The venture capital-backed company announced the deal on Thursday. The news, <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/jonathanocallaghan/2020/03/05/spacex-will-launch-three-space-tourists-to-the-international-space-station-in-2021/#2e06301253ae">broken in Forbes by Jonathan O'Callaghan</a>, follows a NASA announcement in June that the agency is opening up its modules on the International Space Station (ISS) to private crew members <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-international-space-station-commercialization-tourists-2019-6">for $35,000 a night</a>.Private astronauts have flown to the ISS for years, but always as part of a larger professional crew and always on board Russia's Soyuz spaceship. <a href="https://www.axiomspace.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Axiom</a>, led by CEO and co-founder Mike Suffredini, who managed NASA's space station program for a decade before retiring from the agency, says it aims to launch the first all-private ISS mission "as soon as the second half of 2021.""This history-making flight will represent a watershed moment in the march toward universal and routine access to space," Suffredini said in <a href="https://www.axiomspace.com/post/axiom-space-plans-first-ever-fully-private-human-spaceflight-mission-to-international-space-station">a statement</a>. That first mission will fly a privately trained commander and three other private astronauts aboard SpaceX's new Crew Dragon spaceship. Crew Dragon has <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/spacex-spaceship-splashes-down-returns-earth-safely-nasa-2019-3">flown to orbit and back</a> and <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/spacex-crew-dragon-spaceship-abort-test-success-elon-musk-nasa-2020-1">proved its escape system works</a>. The spaceship has yet to fly any people, but that should change this spring with SpaceX's <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/spacex-boeing-nasa-commercial-crew-program-launch-astronauts-2020-1">Demo-2 test mission for NASA</a>, which will rocket veteran astronauts Bob Behnken and Doug Hurley into orbit.When asked about its arrangement with SpaceX or how much a ticket aboard Crew Dragon might cost, a spokesperson for Axiom told Business Insider in an email that "it is our policy not to discuss pricing or contract details." However, NASA's Office of Inspector General estimated in <a href="https://oig.nasa.gov/docs/IG-20-005.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">a November 2019 report</a> that the agency would pay roughly $55 million per astronaut (which is about $35 million cheaper than a spot aboard <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/boeing-cst-100-starliner-spaceship-orbital-flight-test-mission-rescue-2019-12">Boeing's CST-100 Starliner spaceship</a>).The spokesperson also declined to name the mission commander or any space tourist on the flight, but said "part of the crew is locked in," indicating one or more the four crew members have yet to finalize a contract to fly."[W]e have a pipeline of prospects with whom we are always in various stages of discussion about seats on several of our planned flights," the spokesperson said.The first mission is slated to dock with the ISS for more than a week to allow the private crew to experience "microgravity and views of Earth that can only be fully appreciated in the large, venerable station," the announcement said.Around 2024, though, Axiom hopes to launch its own private modules to attach to and expand the ISS - then reconfigure them into a private space station once NASA <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/spacecraft-cemetery-point-nemo-google-maps-2017-10">decides to de-orbit</a> its decades-old, football-field-sized facility.NASA, when asked about the fresh announcement, gave Business Insider the following statement:"Axiom's partnership with SpaceX directly supports NASA's broad strategy to facilitate the commercialization of low-Earth orbit by United States entities. NASA's goal is to achieve a robust economy in low-Earth orbit from which NASA can purchase services as one of many customers. A robust commercial space economy ensures national interests for research and development in low-Earth orbit are fulfilled while allowing NASA to focus government resources on deep space exploration through the Artemis program and land the first woman and next man on the surface of the Moon in 2024."<h2>Axiom is on its way to cornering the private space-mission market</h2>NASA told Business Insider that, as part of its <a href="https://nspires.nasaprs.com/external/viewrepositorydocument/cmdocumentid=740091/solicitationId=%7B21E0270C-BC1F-EFC4-3D87-30713B5FF373%7D/viewSolicitationDocument=1/2012%20Research%20Opportunities%20for%20ISS%20Utilization%20NRA%202020_3.4.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">plans to increasingly commercialize</a> low-Earth orbit and the ISS itself, the agency "intends to accommodate up to two short-duration private astronaut mission opportunities" per year."Interested entities need to make an agreement with NASA for those missions," NASA said. "At this point, all private astronaut mission opportunities are available to outside entities."However, Axiom hopes to launch two all-private missions per year to the ISS. Should NASA sign off on such an arrangement, Axiom may be the premier private-mission provider for some time.Such a decision may affect the plans of competitors such as Bigelow Aerospace, which is also <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/bigelow-aerospace-mars-transporter-inside-interior-pictures-photos-2019-9">building private space station modules</a> designed to attach to the ISS or serve as independent research laboratories (and hotels) in orbit.Although Axiom can approve whomever it wants to fly aboard SpaceX's Crew Dragon, NASA says it and its space station partners "will have final approval for all crew traveling to the ISS.""Private astronauts will have to meet FAA regulatory requirements, which include liability waivers, insurance, and indemnification during launch and reentry activities," NASA said.Those who are approved for flight will train at Axiom and NASA facilities in Houston, Texas, and, for Crew Dragon-specific training, at SpaceX headquarters in Hawthorne, California. At NASA facilities, private astronauts will be <a href="http://www.kbr.com/en/insights-events/press-release/space-industry-first-nasa-grants-kbr-right-train-private-astronauts" target="_blank" rel="noopener">trained by KBR</a>, "a leading solutions provider to the civil, military and commercial space industry" that recently signed a Space Act Agreement with the agency and has helped train professional astronauts for decades."The commander will be trained to the same level as a NASA astronaut," Axiom said, and with an Axiom-designed curriculum crafted in part by "two former NASA astronauts and a long-time Mission Control flight director."Axiom views itself as distinct compared to Space Adventures, which recently acquired seats aboard Crew Dragon missions and has flown space tourists for decades."Space Adventures is a broker. Axiom is not. Axiom is a full-service mission provider that manages its own missions," a spokesperson said. "Additionally, our flights will go to ISS and allow customers to experience life aboard ISS and have, essentially better views and room to move around - as opposed to merely floating in a capsule in orbit for a few days."Axiom says it hopes to take advantage of its fuller access to reach a customer base made up of governments "that want to get into human spaceflight" or expand their existing presence on the ISS. The company is also, of course, targeting (presumably very wealthy) private individuals.Practically, the startup says it hopes to help agencies and companies - likely including NASA and SpaceX - test Mars-bound systems. Axiom also wants to boost commercial activity in space through "in-space research, microgravity manufacturing, or media and brand partnerships."Get the latest Boeing stock price <a href="http://markets.businessinsider.com/stock/BA-Quote">here.</a>

Axiom Space inks deal with SpaceX to take private astronauts into space - and possibly corner the private space-mission market

<keyword id="6360409" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Nasa">NASA</keyword> is targeting late September for the launch of the first operational commercial crew flight of a SpaceX Crew Dragon spacecraft on a Falcon 9 rocket to the <keyword id="6382020" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="international-space-station">International Space Station</keyword>. <div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="77064837" title="The Hope Probe is on its way to Mars — everything you need to know about the UAE’s first jump into interplanetary space" mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div> Crew Dragon commander Michael Hopkins, pilot Victor Glover, and mission specialist Shannon Walker -- all of NASA -- along with Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) mission specialist Soichi Noguchi will launch on the SpaceX Crew-1 mission, the US space agency said on Wednesday. The Crew-1 mission will be launched from Launch Complex 39A at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. SpaceX in late May created history when it sent two NASA astronauts to the space station in a test flight of the Crew Dragon spacecraft, called the Demo-2. That spacecraft that carried two NASA astronauts Robert Behnken and Douglas Hurley to the <keyword id="6416825" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="ISS">ISS</keyword> is set to depart the orbiting laboratory on August 1 and reach Earth on August 2, marking the end of the first crewed mission test for the Elon Musk-led company. The launch of the SpaceX Crew-1 mission will follow a successful return of the two astronauts from the space station and evaluation of SpaceX Demo-2 test flight. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/international/news/china-launches-first-mars-mission/articleshow/77122576.cms">China launches first Mars mission</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/uae-mars-mission-hope-probe-on-its-way-to-red-planet-here-is-everything-you-need-to-know/articleshow/77064837.cms">The Hope Probe is on its way to Mars — everything you need to know about the UAE’s first jump into interplanetary space</a>

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You Searched For "space mission" and got 15 results

India's first unmanned space mission scheduled for launch in 2022; Chandrayaan-3 moon mission in advanced stages of realisation

IANS

President Murmu voices concern over increasing space debris

PTI

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NASA selects three firms to design nuclear power plant for moon

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Axiom Space inks deal with SpaceX to take private astronauts into space - and possibly corner the private space-mission market

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10 missions before Chandrayaan-3 that define mankind’s quest to explore the moon