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The <keyword id="6336889" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="rajiv-gandhi-cancer-institute-and-research-centre" source="Orion">Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre</keyword> in <keyword id="66" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="delhi" source="Orion">Delhi</keyword> on Thursday installed the first-ever 'Made-in-India' surgical robotic system. After two pilot projects wherein <keyword id="14458861" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="sudhir-rawal" source="Orion">Sudhir Rawal</keyword>, Medical Director, <keyword id="3303609" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="rgci" source="Orion">RGCI</keyword>, and his team successfully performed 26 surgeries with the surgical <keyword id="20756" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Robot" source="Orion">robot</keyword>ic SSI Mantra, the robot is now ready to provide an advanced method of surgery, which will be accessible to the general public at a much lower cost, said the hospital. "I have used the SSI Mantra System on many of my patients. In its present form, the performance is quite good, and I could use the system for complex operations. Many more patients in <keyword id="3658" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="india" source="Orion">India</keyword> and around the world will benefit from this technology based on quality and cost-effectiveness," said Rawal. The surgical robot is modular, flexible and versatile in comparison to leading global surgical systems and has been developed within five years only. "I made it my mission to develop a new surgical robotic system that would offer better and more advanced technology features, applicable in most specialties including cardiac surgery," said <keyword id="13646412" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="sudhir-p-srivastava" source="Orion">Sudhir P. Srivastava</keyword>, founder of <keyword id="12500899" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="ss-innovations" source="Orion">SS Innovations</keyword> that made the robot. "This will make robotic surgery accessible and affordable for the people of our country," he said. SEE ALSO : <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/rupee-makes-a-small-comeback-gains-7-paise-after-hitting-a-new-low-of-80-against-the-dollar/articleshow/92890594.cms">Rupee makes a small comeback, gains 7 paise after hitting a new low of 80 against the dollar</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/retail/news/amazons-prime-day-offers-are-trying-to-catch-em-young-with-special-membership-discounts/articleshow/92873854.cms">Amazon's Prime Day offers are trying to catch em young with special membership discounts</a>

Dr Robot, made in India, will now perform surgeries at this cancer hospital

A clinical intervention, which involved the administration of an injection of a commonly used local anaesthetic agent, costing as low as Rs 100 has been developed by doctors at the <keyword id="237719" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="tata-memorial-centre" source="Orion">Tata Memorial Centre</keyword> (TMC) to increase breast cancer cure and survival rates, the hospital said on Monday. The study by a team from TMC, a premiere cancer institute under the Centre's Department of Atomic Energy, over a decade led to the development of the intervention with higher efficacy. "The research has suggested there is a window of opportunity just prior to, during, and immediately after surgical removal of primary cancer when anti-cancer interventions could reduce the risk of development of disseminated stage-four metastatic cancer later in the lifespan of the patient," the hospital said. The study, titled 'Effect of Peri-tumoral <keyword id="14970431" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="infiltration-of-local-anaesthetic-prior" source="Orion">Infiltration of Local Anaesthetic Prior</keyword> to Surgery on Survival in Early Breast Cancer', is a randomised controlled trial conceived and designed by <keyword id="1254317" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="dr-rajendra-badwe" source="Orion">Dr Rajendra Badwe</keyword>, who is the principal investigator. The study was conducted by investigators at 11 cancer centres in India including Tata Memorial Centre in Mumbai over 11 years between 2011 and 2022. "The results of this study show this simple, low-cost intervention significantly and substantially increases the cure rates and survival of breast cancer patients, with a benefit that is ongoing for several years after surgery. "The injection requires no additional expertise, is inexpensive, and can result in saving up to 1,00,000 lives annually globally. These benefits are substantial and were achieved with an intervention the cost of which was less than Rs 100 per patient," the statement added. The study included 1,600 women with early breast cancer who were planned to be treated with surgery. Half of these patients (the control group) received standard surgery followed by standard postoperative treatment, including chemotherapy, hormone therapy and radiotherapy as per guidelines. The other half, constituting the intervention group, received an injection of a commonly used local anaesthesia agent, 0.5 per cent lidocaine, all around the tumour, just before surgery. They then underwent standard surgery followed by the same postoperative treatment as was given in the control group, it said. The research has suggested there is a window of opportunity just before, during, and immediately after surgical removal of primary cancer when anti-cancer interventions could reduce the risk of development of disseminated stage four metastatic cancer later in the lifespan of the patient. "<keyword id="2594776" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="lignocaine" source="Orion">Lignocaine</keyword>, which is a commonly used, inexpensive, local anaesthesia drug, was thought to be one such suitable intervention because of its inhibitory effects on cancer cell division, movement and other anti-cancer properties," the hospital's statement informed. After completion of treatment, patients were followed up regularly for several years to compare the rates of cure and survival between the control group and the local anaesthesia group. After enough follow-up had happened in both groups, the data were analysed at a cut-off date of September 2021, the statement said. "There was no toxicity of lignocaine in patients who received it. The six-year disease-free survival (cure rate) was 81.7 per cent in the control group and 86.1 per cent in the local anaesthesia group for a 26 per cent relative reduction in the risk of cancer relapse or death with the local anaesthesia injection, which was statistically significant," it said. Similarly, the six-year overall survival was 86.2 per cent versus 89.9 per cent in the two groups for a 29 per cent reduction in the risk of death with the local anaesthetic injection, which was also statistically significant, the statement pointed out. SEE ALSO : <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/news/nifty-crosses-the-18000-level-amid-fii-inflows-and-positive-global-trends/articleshow/94168647.cms">Nifty crosses the 18,000 level amid FII inflows and positive global trends</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/education/news/top-business-schools-in-india-as-per-financial-times-rankings/slidelist/94168675.cms">IIM Bangalore and 6 other Indian business schools make it to FT's Top 100</a>

Tata Memorial Centre, doctors from 11 institutes develop low-cost clinical intervention for cancer treatment

<keyword id="109073" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="duke-university" source="Orion">Duke University</keyword> engineers have created a gadget that employs sound waves to separate and sort the smallest particles found in the blood in a couple of minutes. The technique is based on a concept known as "virtual pillars," and it has the potential to benefit both scientific research and medicinal applications. Small extracellular vesicles (<keyword id="14313578" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="sevs" source="Orion">SEVs</keyword>) are tiny biological <keyword id="67799" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="nanoparticles" source="Orion">nanoparticles</keyword> generated by all types of cells in the body and are thought to play an important role in cell-to-cell communication and disease transmission. Acoustic Nanoscale Separation by Wave-pillar Excitation Resonance, or ANSWER for short, is a revolutionary technology that not only extracts nanoparticles from biofluids in under 10 minutes but also separates them into size categories thought to have unique biological roles. The findings were published online in the journal Science Advances. "These nanoparticles have significant potential in medical diagnosis and treatment, but the current technologies for separating and sorting them take several hours or days, are inconsistent, produce low yield or purity, suffer from contamination and sometimes damage the nanoparticles," said Tony Jun Huang, the William Bevan Distinguished Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science at Duke. "We want to make extracting and sorting high-quality sEVs as simple as pushing a button and getting the desired samples faster than it takes to take a shower," Huang said. According to a recent study, sEVs are divided into various subgroups of varying sizes (e.g., smaller than 50 nanometers, between 60 and 80 nanometers, and between 90 and 150 nanometers). Each size is thought to have unique biological features. Researchers are thrilled by the recent finding of sEV subpopulations because of their potential to transform the field of non-invasive diagnostics, such as the early identification of cancer and Alzheimer's disease. However, the particles have not yet made their way into therapeutic settings. Huang attributes this to the challenges in identifying and isolating these nano-sized sEV subpopulations. Huang, his doctoral student Jinxin <keyword id="16963" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="zhang" source="Orion">Zhang</keyword>, and collaborators from UCLA, Harvard, and the Magee-Women'<keyword id="15695474" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="s-research-institute" source="Orion">s Research Institute</keyword> created the ANSWER platform to solve this problem. A single pair of transducers generates a standing sound wave that envelops a narrow, enclosed fluid-filled channel. Through the channel walls, the sound wave "leaks" into the liquid core and interacts with the original standing sound wave. This interaction causes a resonance that forms "virtual pillars" throughout the middle of the channel with proper design of the wall thickness, channel size, and sound frequency. Each of these virtual pillars is effectively a half-egg-shaped high-pressure zone. Particles that attempt to cross the pillars are forced toward the channel's boundaries. And the greater the particle size, the greater the push. By tuning the series of virtual pillars to create nuanced forces on the travelling nanoparticles, the researchers can precisely sort them by size into a variety of groups determined by the needs of the experiments at hand. "The ANSWER EV fractionation technology is the most advanced capability for precise EV fractionation, and it will significantly impact the horizon of EV diagnostics, prognostics and liquid biopsy," said David Wong, director of UCLA Center for Oral/Head &amp; Neck Oncology Research. In the new paper, the researchers demonstrate that their ANSWER platform can successfully sort sEVs into three subgroups with 96 per cent accuracy for nanoparticles on the larger end of the spectrum and 80 per cent accuracy for the smallest. They also show flexibility in their system, adjusting the number of groupings and ranges of sizes with simple updates to the sound wave parameters. Each of the experiments only took 10 minutes to complete, whereas other methods such as ultra-centrifugation can take several hours or days. "Due to its contact-free nature, ANSWER offers a biocompatible approach for the separation of biological nanoparticles," Zhang said. "Unlike mechanical filtration methods, which have fixed separation cutoff diameters, ANSWER offers a tunable approach to nanoscale separation, and the cutoff diameter can be precisely modified by varying the input acoustic power." SEE ALSO: <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/centre-to-convene-all-party-meet-monday-to-finalise-strategies-for-2023-g-20-summit/articleshow/95975548.cms">Centre to convene all-party meet Monday to finalise strategies for 2023 G-20 summit</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/news/tech-majors-are-also-the-companies-that-employ-the-highest-number-of-women/articleshow/95946250.cms">Tech majors are also the companies that employ the highest number of women</a>

Researchers develop device that uses sound waves to separate blood-based nanoparticles

Only human trials will help understand the efficacy of the new Rs 100 pill developed to prevent recurrence of cancer, said doctors on Wednesday. According to a report by NDTV, researchers at the Tata Memorial Centre (<keyword id="19942089" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="tmc" source="keywords">TMC</keyword>) in Mumbai claimed to have discovered a treatment to prevent relapse of cancer that would cost only Rs 100. The study on mice showed that the pill, named 'R+Cu', containing a pro-oxidant combination of resveratrol and copper, generated oxygen radicals in the stomach to curb cancer recurrence. The experimental mice study "is not a substitute for established treatments, which continue to result in cures in a substantial proportion of cancer patients," Dr <keyword id="20763261" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="shyam-aggarwal" source="keywords">Shyam Aggarwal</keyword>, Chairman, Department of Medical Oncology, at Sir <keyword id="20162656" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="ganga-ram-hospital" source="keywords">Ganga Ram Hospital</keyword> told IANS. In a post on X, Dr. <keyword id="20763262" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="rajeev-jayadevan" source="keywords">Rajeev Jayadevan</keyword>, Co-Chairman National IMA Covid Task Force called it "an exaggerated claim". While calling the research "interesting, praiseworthy", he said it cannot be seen as "cancer cure." Dr Shyam Aggarwal explained that the research shows the effect of cell-free chromatin (fragments of chromosomes released from cancer cells after chemotherapy) on normal tissues causing a cascade of inflammation leading to side effects such as mucositis, low blood counts, etc. "Use of a combination of copper and resveratrol (a commercially-available nutraceutical) has been shown to degrade circulating cell-free chromatin, leading to reduction of toxicity in some human studies. Other human studies are underway," he said. The study claims that the pill can halve the side effects caused by chemotherapy, while also reducing the odds of getting cancer by 30 per cent. The researchers "used a pro-oxidant combination of copper and resveratrol (found in peanuts, cocoa, grapes) known to damage DNA by generating oxygen radicals," Dr. Rajeev Jayadevan wrote in his post on X. "Whether this will translate into real world outcomes for people with cancer (beyond mice), what toxicities could occur from its pro-oxidant, DNA-damaging effect, is yet to be determined," he said. However, Dr. <keyword id="20763263" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="rahul-bhargava" source="keywords">Rahul Bhargava</keyword>, Principal Director &amp; Chief BMT, Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurugram, called it "a great breakthrough in the field of medical research. Indian researchers are creating history. If the drug works, it will be a great benefit for cancer patients." "The tablet is promising and shows potential to be effective, but human trials are yet to be completed, which could take about five years," he told IANS. The tablet is awaiting approval from the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) and is expected to be available in the market by June-July. --IANS rvt/rad

Human trials may reveal efficacy of new Rs 100 cancer pill: Docs

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Researchers studied whether cancer prevention tips actually lowered the risk of the disease.</li><li>People who most closely followed seven recommendations appeared to have a lower cancer risk.</li></ul>Researchers say seven lifestyle habits, including limiting red meat, doing more exercise, and not drinking alcohol, are linked to a lower risk of developing <a target="_blank" href="https://www.insider.com/ways-to-reduce-cancer-risk-according-to-oncology-dietitian-evidence-2022-12">cancer</a>.The <a target="_blank" href="https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-023-03107-y">study</a>, published in BMC Medicine on Tuesday, assessed whether following <a target="_blank" href="https://www.insider.com/reduce-risk-of-common-cancers-colon-breast-lung-2023-6">cancer prevention recommendations</a> set in 2018 by the World Cancer Research Fund and the American Institute for Cancer Research did indeed lower the risk of developing the disease.The seven 2018 WCRF/AICR recommendations used in the study were:<ul><li>Be a <a target="_blank" href="https://www.insider.com/man-lost-125-pounds-by-doing-opposite-what-tried-before-2023-7">healthy weight</a></li><li>Move more</li><li>Eat a better diet</li><li>Avoid high calorie foods and drinks</li><li>Limit consumption of red and processed meat</li><li>Limit consumption of sugary sweetened drinks</li><li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.insider.com/there-is-no-safe-amount-of-alcohol-2018-8#:~:text=Drinking%20too%20much%20is%20associated,risks%20far%20outweigh%20any%20benefits.">Don't drink alcohol</a></li></ul>Researchers from Newcastle University, UK, looked at the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.insider.com/bmi-accuracy-signs-youre-not-overweight-2018-11">BMI</a>, waist circumference, and self-reported data on <a target="_blank" href="https://www.insider.com/guides/health/diet-nutrition/how-to-start-eating-healthy">diet</a> and exercise from 94,778 adults taking part in the UK Biobank study, collected between 2006 and 2010, and gave each participant a score out of seven. Participants were given zero points if they did not adhere to a recommendation, half a point if they partially adhered, and one point if they fully adhered. The average score was 3.8.The researchers then followed each subject until they were either diagnosed with <a target="_blank" href="https://www.insider.com/subtle-signs-of-cancer-2018-2">cancer</a>, passed away, or until the follow-up period ended (which was July 2019 for England and Wales, and October 2015 for Scotland).<h2>Following the recommendations appeared to lower the risk of cancer</h2>Of the participants, 7,296, or 8%, developed cancer during the follow-up period, most commonly <a target="_blank" href="https://www.insider.com/signs-of-prostate-cancer-2018-9">prostate</a>, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.insider.com/guides/health/conditions-symptoms/breast-cancer-symptoms">breast</a>, and <a target="_blank" href="https://www.insider.com/what-to-know-about-colon-cancer-symptoms-diagnosis-chadwick-boseman">colorectal cancers</a>.The researchers found that participants who scored highly — between 4.5 and seven points — had a 16% lower risk of all cancers combined than those with a score of less than 3.5, and that even participants scoring between 3.75 and 4.25 points had an 8% lower risk of developing all cancers combined.They also found that each one-point increase in participants' scores was associated with a 7% reduction of developing all cancers combined, as well as a 10% lower risk of <a target="_blank" href="https://www.insider.com/guides/health/stage-four-breast-cancer">breast cancer</a>, 10% lower risk of colorectal cancer, and a "significantly reduced risk" of kidney, oesophageal, ovarian, liver, and gallbladder cancers.The study's authors acknowledge that their study is observational, and so doesn't prove following the recommendations lower the risk of cancer. More research is needed to investigate the specific impacts of each of lifestyle factor on cancer risk.Study co-author Fiona Malcomson, a research associate at Newcastle University's Human Nutrition Research Centre, told Insider: "following the recommendations promotes a healthier lifestyle, which overall reduces our risk of non-communicable diseases including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes. "For example, the recommendation to be a healthy body weight comes from strong evidence that greater body fatness increases our cancer risk in several ways, for example by promoting inflammation and by releasing hormones such as estrogen."<h2>The World Cancer Research Fund's tips for following their cancer prevention recommendations </h2>The WCRF <a target="_blank" href="https://www.wcrf-uk.org/preventing-cancer/our-cancer-prevention-recommendations/">recommends</a> that to prevent cancer, people should be physically active for at least 150 minutes a week, and try to sit less.They also recommend people eat healthy, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.insider.com/7-longevity-boosting-foods-blue-zones-add-to-shopping-list-2023-8">whole foods</a> — making wholegrains, vegetables, fruit, and legumes "a major part" of their daily diet — while avoiding fast food and <a target="_blank" href="https://www.insider.com/processed-ultra-processed-foods-ok-to-eat-2023-8">processed foods</a> and eating no more than three portions of red meat per week. They said it's best to not drink alcohol at all to prevent cancer, and to drink mostly water.The WCRF/AICR makes two further recommendations for cancer prevention, which were not used in the study as there was not enough data: mothers <a target="_blank" href="https://www.insider.com/guides/parenting/benefits-of-breastfeeding">breastfeeding</a> their babies if possible, and people getting their nutrients from their diets rather than using <a target="_blank" href="https://www.insider.com/vitamins-supplements-disease-cancer-2017-8">supplements</a> to protect against cancer.They also recommend <a target="_blank" href="https://www.insider.com/guides/health/treatments/how-to-stop-smoking">not smoking</a> and avoiding excess sun to reduce cancer risk.Malcomson said: "People should aim to follow as many of the Cancer Prevention Recommendations as they can to reduce their risk of cancer and other non-communicable diseases. However, any change made will have a positive impact on reducing cancer risk, for example increasing your adherence score by half a point by going from eating 2.5 servings of fruits and vegetables per day to reaching the recommended five servings."

How to reduce your risk of cancer: 7 lifestyle recommendations from scientists 

<ul class="summary-list"><li>A new study used fecal transplants from a healthy donor on 20 skin cancer patients.</li><li>65% of patients responded to the combination of a transplant and immunotherapy.</li></ul>Researchers may have found an unlikely tool to help treat skin cancer: Fecal transplants. In <a href="https://affiliate.insider.com?h=c11e08c822ef3c38c20fa4a4598f1eb9df406e05cb6d5061db0eed95803605a8&amp;postID=64aee531c7f3f053a27ced33&amp;site=in&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fs41591-023-02453-x" target="_blank" rel="noopener">a new study</a> published in Nature Medicine on July 6, researchers transplanted the stool from one healthy donor into 20 patients with advanced melanoma who were about to undergo immunotherapy. The idea was to transfer the donor's microbiome into the patients to promote the growth of healthy bacteria in their guts and improve their cancer treatment results.While the study's primary goal was to see if this treatment is safe to try on patients, the findings were promising: 65% of patients responded to the combined treatment of fecal transplants and immunotherapy."These exciting results add to a rapidly growing list of publications suggesting that targeting the microbiome may provide a major advance in the use of immunotherapy for our patients with cancer," said Dr. Wilson H. Miller Jr., one of the researchers and a professor in the Departments of Medicine and Oncology at McGill University, in a <a href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/07/230707111654.htm" target="_blank" rel="noopener">press release</a> from Lawson Health Research Institute where the research was conducted.<h2>Improved gut health can make immunotherapy more effective</h2>Immunotherapy is a relatively new innovation and has grown in popularity as a<a href="https://www.insider.com/grandson-grandmother-both-diagnosed-melanoma-skin-cancer-immunotherapy-2023-4"> skin cancer treatment</a>. It works by boosting the body's immune system and helping T-cells identify and attack cancer cells. The specific immunotherapies tested in this study are called immune checkpoint inhibitors, or PD-1 inhibitors.PD-1 inhibitors can be a breakthrough treatment for some people with cancer, but for other people it has mixed or no results — <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8992532/#:~:text=Approximately%2045%25%2D60%25%20of,39%2C46%2C47%5D." target="_blank" rel="noopener">about 40% of melanoma patients</a> don't respond to the treatment.To improve this resistance to treatment, researchers in the study took a healthy donor's fecal matter, screened and prepared it in a lab, and then gave it to each patient in the form of 40 oral capsules a week before they started immunotherapy.<a href="https://www.insider.com/guides/health/diet-nutrition/gut-health">Gut health and the immune system</a> are closely connected. Dr. Bertrand Routy, oncologist and director of the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal's Microbiome Center, <a href="https://montreal.ctvnews.ca/fecal-transplants-could-be-used-to-battle-skin-cancer-montreal-study-1.6473922" target="_blank" rel="noopener">told CTV News</a> that fecal transplants could "eliminate certain bacteria that are associated with resistance to immunotherapy" as well as increase the bacteria that aid treatment.<h2>There's still some mystery as to why fecal transplants work</h2>While fecal transplants have been used to treat everything from <a href="https://www.insider.com/feeding-c-section-babies-mothers-poop-could-improve-immune-health-2020-10">C-section babies</a> to <a href="https://www.insider.com/a-poop-transplant-treatmente-auto-brewery-syndrome-gut-producing-alcohol-2020-8">auto-brewery syndrome</a>, researchers are still trying to maximize their effectiveness.Routy told CTV News that "we're beginning to understand which bacteria are associated with resistance and which bacteria are associated with the right response." He also said that the fecal compatibility between a specific donor and a patient can also play a role in the treatment's success.<h2>More research is still needed</h2>Because phase I of the experiment was deemed safe, researchers are now moving on to phase II, where they will test the effectiveness of fecal transplants in a larger group of cancer patients, according to the press release.It's still too early to know if fecal transplants will be a good treatment in the long run. A <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8992532/#:~:text=Approximately%2045%25%2D60%25%20of,39%2C46%2C47%5D." target="_blank" rel="noopener">2019 study</a> found that 45-65% of melanoma patients respond to PD-1 inhibitor treatment without fecal transplants anyway. Lawson researchers also plan to study the use of fecal transplants in other cancers, such as renal cell carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, and lung cancer, the press release said, and they're also exploring how this method can impact treatments for HIV and rheumatoid arthritis.

Fecal transplants could be a secret weapon for some patients battling skin cancer

Researchers from Indian Institute of Science (<keyword id="41780" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="iisc" source="Orion">IISc</keyword>) have shown that surface modifications of two-dimensional molybdenum disulphide (2D-MoS2) nanosheets can make them highly effective for applications like delivering drugs to diseased cells. Nanomaterials usually need to be modified or customised depending on the application to improve their efficiency. Typically, they are chemically modified through a process called functionalisation, which involves attaching ligands (small or large molecules) to the surface of the nanomaterial. In a new study, the researchers from the Department of Organic Chemistry (OC) and Materials Research Centre (MRC), IISc, modified the surface of 2D-MoS2 nanosheets with thiol (sulphur-containing) ligands. They found that these thiols can be exchanged with naturally-occurring thiols in biological systems, which could allow drugs attached to these nanosheets to be released. These chemically-modified nanosheets were also found to be safe to use inside living cells. "Our study shows that thiol exchange on 2D-MoS2 nanosheets is effective, and the nanomaterial is stable in the presence of various biomolecules. This is an important observation as it will make this nanomaterial highly beneficial for <keyword id="74268" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="biomedical" source="Orion">biomedical</keyword> applications like drug delivery," explained Mrinmoy De, Associate Professor at the Department of Organic Chemistry and senior author of the study published in scientific journal 'ACS Nano'. The team first used a fluorescent thiol called boron-dipyrromethene (BOD-SH) to modify the surface of the 2D-MoS2 nanosheets in order to create a functionalised version (BOD-MoS2), an IISc statement said. Then, they tested the possibility of thiol-to-thiol exchange on BOD-MoS2 using glutathione (<keyword id="7384427" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="gsh" source="Orion">GSH</keyword>) - a naturally occurring thiol found in abundance in cancer cells. They found that GSH molecules swapped places with BOD-SH on the surface of the nanosheet - a process that they confirmed using fluorescence techniques. When the researchers attached an anti-cancer drug named <keyword id="3080710" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="dox" source="Orion">dox</keyword>orubicin (DOX) to the nanosheet surface, they found that thiol exchange could also happen between GSH and DOX, allowing DOX to get dropped off at the diseased site. "Because the exchange happens only in the presence of high concentrations of GSH found in diseased cells, drugs like DOX can be delivered specifically to cancer cells without affecting normal cells, which can also potentially reduce any side effects," the statement said. Previous efforts have focused on using gold nanoparticles for such biomedical applications, according to the researchers, but these nanoparticles are expensive and have limited efficiency due to their non-selectivity between mono thiols and disulphides. "Our experiments show that 2D-MoS2 nanosheets can be an effective substitute for gold nanoparticles, and they will be greatly beneficial in the field of nanomedicine," said Pradipta Behera, a postdoctoral research scholar at IISc and the first author of the study. The MoS2 nanosheets were found to be stable in the presence of biofluids, IISc said. They also have a higher surface area than gold nanoparticles, which means that they can be more efficient. Moving forward, the team plans to work on improving the stability of the nanomaterial in the presence of various thiol-containing liquids and exploring alternative surface modification approaches to customise the nanosheets for other applications. "This work on 2D-MoS2 nanosheets can be developed in the future as an alternative to RNA and DNA delivery applications, which can be useful for detecting and treating infections such as COVID-19," added Behera. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/startups/news/startup-fundraising-hits-an-8-month-low-in-february-falls-over-83-yoy/articleshow/98390347.cms">Startup fundraising hits an 8-month low in February, falls over 83% YoY</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/auto/news/tractors-commercial-vehicles-drive-auto-sales-in-february-but-el-nio-threat-looms-large/articleshow/98386451.cms">Tractors &amp; commercial vehicles drive auto sales in February but El Niño threat looms large</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/corporates/news/adani-group-stocks-rally-after-it-sells-stake-to-gqg-partners/articleshow/98384846.cms">Adani group’s marketcap rises by over ₹2 lakh crore in four days</a>

IISc researchers show chemically-modified nanosheets are effective for biomedical applications

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Four out of 10 Americans will be diagnosed with some form of cancer in their lifetime.</li></ul><ul class="summary-list"><li>While some risk factors remain out of our control, researchers have confirmed some lifestyle behaviors may reduce risk.</li></ul>For many, cancer is the dreaded 'C' word that they hope they never hear uttered from their doctor's mouth. But since <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/understanding/statistics#:~:text=Approximately%2039.5%25%20of%20men%20and,will%20die%20of%20the%20disease." target="_blank" rel="noopener">four out of 10 Americans</a> who will be diagnosed with the disease in their lifetime, anything that people can do to lower personal risk is likely to be welcome news.Though not all cancers are preventable, experts at Newcastle University have found that adhering to certain healthy lifestyle habits — like limiting red meat consumption and maintaining a healthy weight — can have a meaningful impact on a person's risk factor for developing certain cancers. They published their findings on June 13 in <a href="https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cncr.34842" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Cancer, a journal of the American Cancer Society</a>. For the analysis, researchers reviewed 18 published studies which investigated associations between adhering to the 2018 lifestyle-based recommendations from the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) and American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) and the incidence of different cancers. Following healthy lifestyle recommendations resulted in a 12% lower risk of <a href="https://www.insider.com/colon-cancer-diagnosis-young-people-gut-bacteria-microbiome-2023-5">colorectal cancer</a>, 11% lower risk of <a href="https://www.insider.com/guides/health/conditions-symptoms/breast-cancer-symptoms">breast cancer</a>, and 8% lower risk of <a href="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/lung-cancer/about/what-is.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">lung cancer</a>. "By following these recommendations, people may reduce their risk of certain cancers, and we would recommend that people adhere to them as closely as possible," said Dr. Fiona Malcomson, co-author of the study and lecturer in human nutrition at Newcastle University's Human Nutrition and Exercise Research Centre, said in a <a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/992260" target="_blank" rel="noopener">press release</a>. <h2> How can I minimize my cancer risk?</h2>While there are factors that remain out of control, like family history and environmental exposures, there are several lifestyle modifications that an average person can make to help reduce their risk of developing certain cancers. The recommended guidelines outlined by the study authors include:<ul><li>Be a healthy weight </li><li>Be physically active </li><li>Eat a diet rich in whole grains, vegetables, fruits, and beans</li><li>Limit "fast foods" and other processed foods high in fat, starches, or sugars </li><li>Limit consumption of red meat and processed meat </li><li>Limit consumption of sugary sweetened drinks </li><li>Limit alcohol consumption </li><li>Do not use supplements for cancer prevention, as <a href="https://www.wcrf.org/diet-activity-and-cancer/cancer-prevention-recommendations/do-not-use-supplements-for-cancer-prevention/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">research shows</a> it is better to rely on nutrients from whole foods </li><li>For mothers, breastfeed your baby, if you can </li></ul><h2>What percentage of cancers are preventable?</h2>The <a href="https://www.cancer.org/content/dam/cancer-org/research/cancer-facts-and-statistics/annual-cancer-facts-and-figures/2023/2023-cancer-facts-and-figures.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">American Cancer Society</a> estimates that 1.9 million new cases of cancer will be diagnosed in the US this year, and more than 600,000 people will die from the disease. The <a href="https://www.who.int/activities/preventing-cancer#:~:text=Between%2030%E2%80%9350%25%20of%20all,for%20the%20control%20of%20cancer." target="_blank" rel="noopener">World Health Organization</a> estimates that 30 to 50% of all cancers may be preventable with proper lifestyle modifications, including many of the guidelines listed above.

The 9 steps you should be taking &mdash; but may not be &mdash; to reduce your risk of some common cancers

The largest study to date has proven the association between the gut <keyword id="2058400" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="microbiome" source="Orion">microbiome</keyword> and melanoma treatment response. The study is published today in Nature Medicine and co-ordinated by King's College London, CIBIO Department of the University of Trento and European Institute of Oncology in Italy, <keyword id="269633" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="university-of-groningen" source="Orion">University of Groningen</keyword> in the Netherlands and funded by the Seerave Foundation. Dr Karla Lee, clinical researcher at King's College London and first author of the study, said: "Preliminary studies on a limited number of patients have suggested that the gut microbiome, as an <keyword id="31457" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="immune-system" source="Orion">immune system</keyword> regulator, plays a role in the response of each patient to cancer <keyword id="1631124" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="immunotherapy" source="Orion">immunotherapy</keyword>, and particularly in the case of melanoma. This new study could have a major impact on oncology and medicine in general." The microbiome, the set of microorganisms that live in the intestines, can be altered through dietary changes, next generation probiotics and faecal transplantation. This change is in turn modifying the microbiome's action on the immune system. Understanding the characteristics of the microbiome can enable treating clinicians to alter a patient's microbiome accordingly before starting treatment. Less than 50% of patients respond positively to immunotherapy for melanoma so finding strategies to increase the number of positive responders is crucial. The study put together the largest cohort of patients with melanoma and samples of their gut microbiome from five clinical centres in the UK, the Netherland and Spain. Researchers carried out a large-scale metagenomic study -- sequencing of the gut microbiome -- to investigate whether there is an association between the composition and function of the gut microbiome and response to immunotherapy. Results confirmed a complex association as it involves different bacterial species in different patient cohorts. The presence of three types of bacteria (Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Roseburia spp. and Akkermansia muciniphila) seem to be associated with a better immune response. An additional finding was that the microbiome itself is strongly influenced by factors including patient constitution, use of proton pump inhibitors and diet that should be considered in future longitudinal studies. Co-author Professor Tim Spector from King's College London said: "This study shows the chances of survival based on healthy microbes nearly doubled between subgroups. The ultimate goal is to identify which specific features of the microbiome are directly influencing the clinical benefits of immunotherapy to exploit these features in new personalised approaches to support cancer immunotherapy. But in the meantime, this study highlights the potential impact of good diet and gut health on chances of survival in patients undergoing immunotherapy." Co-author <keyword id="15500090" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Professor-Nicola-Segata" source="Orion">Professor Nicola Segata</keyword> from University of Trento said: "Our study shows that studying the microbiome is important to improve and personalise immunotherapy treatments for melanoma. However, it also suggests that because of the person-to-person variability of the gut microbiome, even larger studies must be carried out to understand the specific gut microbial features that are more likely to lead to a positive response to immunotherapy." SEE ALSO: <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/policy/economy/news/indias-industrial-output-grows-3-1-in-september-beats-analyst-expectations/articleshow/95464956.cms">India's industrial output grows 3.1% in September, beats analyst expectations</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/india-dropped-from-currency-monitoring-list-as-treasury-secretary-janet-yellen-seeks-closer-us-india-economic-ties/articleshow/95464832.cms">India dropped from currency monitoring list as treasury secretary Janet Yellen seeks closer US-India economic ties</a>

Healthy gut microbiome helps to improve cancer treatment: Study

More boys than girls with cancer in <keyword id="3658" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="india" source="Orion">India</keyword> are being diagnosed with the disease and the probable cause for this is gender bias in society, according to a study published in The Lancet Oncology. The researchers collected individual data of children aged 0-19 years with cancer extracted from the hospital-based records of three cancer centres in India between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2019. They also used data from two population-based cancer registries: PBCRs in <keyword id="66" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="delhi" source="Orion">Delhi</keyword> between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2014 and Madras Metropolitan Tumour Registry between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2017. The researchers from All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi and Cancer Institute (WIA) Chennai calculated the male to female sex ratio from the three hospitals in the context of the ratio in the corresponding PBCRs. This ratio allowed them to see how many boys with cancer were seeking treatment for each girl seeking treatment. The team separately analysed the male to female ratios of patients undergoing stem cell transplant which is a comparatively expensive procedure used in cancer care. "We observed that among nearly 11,000 patients registered in the PBCRs, there was significant skew in favour of boys for getting diagnosed with cancer. Similarly, among the 22,000 children with cancer enrolled in the three hospitals, we saw that more boys were seeking treatment than girls," said Professor <keyword id="15658843" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="sameer-bakhshi" source="Orion">Sameer Bakhshi</keyword>, from Department of Medical Oncology, <keyword id="40458" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="aiims" source="Orion">AIIMS</keyword> New Delhi. "However, when we looked at sex ratios among patients seeking cancer care in the context of sex ratios at diagnosis, the skew in sex ratios was no longer apparent. This tells us that the bias towards boys originates at the community level. Once children are brought forward and diagnosed, there is no further gender bias in seeking treatment," Bakhsh, the corresponding author of the study, told PTI. The researchers noted that lesser girls were seeking treatment in hospitals in centres in Northern India as compared to Southern India. The disparity between the genders was more for patients coming from rural as compared to urban areas. This may have to do variations in social fabric in different parts of the country, they said. The study also found that lesser number of girls were coming to the hospital if the distance of the centre from their home was over 100 kilometers, signifying that if costs related to treatment increase, the bias would likely increase. The researchers observed that the male to female ratios in Delhi have been improving over the last 15 years. "The study clearly shows that more boys with cancer are being diagnosed than girls and the probable cause for this is gender bias in society," <keyword id="321831" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="bakhshi" source="Orion">Bakhshi</keyword> said. "Symptomatic girls might not be brought forward for evaluation and diagnosis, leading to fewer cancer diagnoses in girls. The nature of societal mind set affects this bias since we see that societies that are more patriarchal (like that in North of India) show a greater bias," he explained. Sex ratios are also affected by the cost of treatment. The researchers saw that less girls seek cancer care in situations where out-of-pocket expenditures are higher such as when obtaining care from private hospitals or residing far from the treatment Centre. This implies that the gender bias observed is an interplay of multiple social and economic factors. The researchers noted that the first step in solving any problem is to first recognise it, which this study does. To overcome the bias, joint efforts are needed towards bringing about a change in the mindset of the population as well as decreasing the cost of treatment borne by patients, especially for girl children. "We will have to use education as a tool to do away with the patriarchal mind set of society. From our data, we believe that if free treatment is provided for cancer to girl children, it will help in reducing the sex disparity in seeking care for cancer," Bakhshi added. SEE ALSO: <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/news/scientists-revive-48500-year-old-zombie-virus-buried-under-a-frozen-lake-in-russia/articleshow/95872037.cms">Scientists revive 48,500-year-old zombie virus buried under a frozen lake in Russia</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/government-lifts-ban-on-organic-non-basmati-rice-exports/articleshow/95872255.cms">Government lifts ban on organic non-basmati rice exports</a>

More boys with cancer being diagnosed than girls in India: Lancet study

The Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology at the Sanjay Gandhi <keyword id="401744" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Post-Graduate-Institute-of-Medical-Sciences">Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences</keyword> (SGPGIMS) here has developed a faster and much <keyword id="9320981" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="cheaper-test">cheaper test</keyword> for <keyword id="8864712" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="covid-19-infection">COVID-19 infection</keyword>. The technology is the first rapid <keyword id="130094" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="RNA">RNA</keyword> (Ribonucleic acid)-based test that can detect COVID-19 infection within a lab time of 30 minutes and will cost only around Rs 500. Professor Swasti Tiwari, who led the research team and is the head of the department, told IANS on Sunday , that they had already filed for patent and approval of ICMR and the technology would be transferred for commercial use on getting the same. Prof Tiwari said, "The test is a single-tube lab test which takes less than 30 minutes of laboratory time and has high specificity and sensitivity. The test does not require sophisticated instrumentation or any expertise for result interpretation." She further explained that the data related to test development and optimisation has recently been communicated for publication in a scientific journal. The process of testing human samples using this technology is underway. She said that after the approval of ICMR, mass testing of coronavirus would be possible at a cheaper rate. This point-of-care test will have a direct impact on mass screening, and will especially benefit the people in screening/holding areas of various service centres such as hospitals and airports.

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You Searched For "rajiv gandhi cancer institute and research centre" and got 11 results

Dr Robot, made in India, will now perform surgeries at this cancer hospital

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The 9 steps you should be taking but may not be — to reduce your risk of some common cancers