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Bengaluru, Ahead of India's Aditya-L1 <keyword id="73822" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="solar-mission" source="Orion">solar mission</keyword>, a top scientist said the monitoring of the Sun on a 24-hour basis is a must to study <keyword id="18618306" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="solar-quakes" source="Orion">solar quakes</keyword> which can alter the geomagnetic fields of earth. The Aditya-L1 mission to study the Sun is slated to be launched at 11.50 am from the Sriharikota spaceport on Saturday. Explaining the need to study the Sun, Professor and In-Charge Scientist at the Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA), Dr R Ramesh told PTI that just as there are earthquakes on Earth, there are something called solar quakes - called as Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) - on the surface of the Sun. In this process, millions and millions of tons of solar materials are thrown into the interplanetary space, he said, adding these CMEs can travel at a speed of approximately 3,000 km per second. "Some of the CMEs can also be directed towards the Earth. The fastest CME can reach near Earth space in approximately 15 hours," Dr Ramesh pointed out. On why this mission was different from other similar ventures, he said, "Though ESA (European Space Agency) and NASA (<keyword id="107353" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="national-aeronautics-and-space-administration" source="Orion">National Aeronautics and Space Administration</keyword>) have launched similar missions in the past, the <keyword id="3586950" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="aditya-l1" source="Orion">Aditya L1</keyword> mission will be unique in two main aspects because we will be able to observe the solar corona from the place where it almost starts. Also we'll be able to observe the magnetic field changes in the solar atmosphere, which are the cause for coronal mass ejections or solar quakes." Sometimes, these CMEs damage satellites by "engulfing" them, he said. Due to the discharged particle flow from the CMEs, all the electronics onboard satellites can malfunction. These CMEs come all the way to Earth, Dr Ramesh said. In 1989, for instance, when there was a massive eruption of the solar atmosphere, Quebec in Canada went without power for about 72 hours; And in 2017, the Zurich airport in Switzerland was affected because of CME for almost 14 to 15 hours. Dr Ramesh said once the CMEs reach the Earth, which is like a big magnet with north and south poles, they can travel along the magnetic field lines and then they can alter the Earth's geomagnetic field. Once the geomagnetic field is affected, it can impact the high voltage transformers. "So, it is very important to put a centre of observation to continuously monitor the Sun, which is possible from the Lagrangian (L1) point," he pointed out. India is launching the Aditya-L1 to place its satellite at Langrangian-1 point. According to him, the authorities at Bengaluru-based IIA, an institution with a long tradition of almost close to 125 years of observing the Sun, felt that they should monitor the Sun on a 24 hours basis so that any changes that are taking place (on the Sun) are very well observed. Though observations of the Sun can be carried out with a ground-based telescope, they have two major limitations, Dr Ramesh said. One is that there are only eight or nine hours available in a day to monitor the sun since such observations can be carried out only during day time and not at night. The second challenge while monitoring the Sun from Earth is that the light coming from the Sun will be scattered by the dust particles in the atmosphere. As a result the image can get blurred, he explained. To avoid these shortcomings in solar observation, the IIA felt the need to have a telescope in space for 24-hour uninterrupted observations of the Sun. There are five vantage points from where the Sun can be monitored. These are called the Lagrangian points, which are named after an Italian astronomer Joseph-Louis Lagrange who discovered them. The gravitational force of attraction between the Sun and the Earth at the Lagrange points are perfectly balanced, the scientist said. "Of all these five points, there is a point called L1 to have an uninterrupted view of the Sun. This point is located between the Sun and Earth at a distance of 1.5 million km from the Earth," the IIA professor explained. According to him, the Aditya L1 space mission will take 100-plus days to reach the Lagrangian-1 point. Data from this satellite will be downloaded at ISRO's Indian Deep Space Network near Byalalu on the outskirts of Bengaluru and will be transmitted by a dedicated internet link to the Payload Operations Centre of the IIA, Dr Ramesh said. The data will be processed and sent back to ISRO for dissemination to the general public as well as for use by the scientific community.

Aditya L1: Solar quakes can alter geomagnetic field of earth says top scientist

<ul class="summary-list"><li>The East Coast was rocked by a rare 4.8 magnitude earthquake on Friday morning.</li><li>The US Geological Survey warned that the region will be hit with aftershocks.</li></ul>New York City experienced an aftershock just hours after it was hit with a <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/earthquake-rattles-new-york-city-new-jersey-2024-4">rare 4.8 magnitude earthquake</a> on Friday morning.The NYC Emergency Management Agency said <a target="_blank" href="https://x.com/nycemergencymgt/status/1776370240445731018">on X</a> around 6 p.m. local time that it was experiencing "shaking" at the facility.The US Geological Survey confirmed the aftershock and reported that initial <a target="_blank" href="https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000mab9/executive?utm_source=dlvr.it&amp;utm_medium=twitter&amp;utm_campaign=usgs_quakes">data</a> showed the new quake had a 4.0 magnitude with its epicenter near Gladstone, New Jersey."Aftershocks will continue for days and weeks ahead. When shaking starts, remember to Drop, Cover, and Hold On," USGS posted with its <a target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/USGS_Quakes/status/1776379586562908371">announcement</a>.More specifically, official guidance is to drop where you are, cover your head and neck (ideally by crawling under a sturdy table or other low-lying furniture that can protect you), and hold on until the shaking stops.<div type="image" title="graphic showing DROP! COVER! HOLD ON! protocol for earthquakes with a human figure dropping, crawling under a table, and holding onto the table leg" height="160" width="481" msid="109077460" hostid="261" sizebytes="7152"></div><a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/what-to-do-during-earthquake-stand-in-doorway-myth-2024-4">Running for doorways</a> or trying to leave a building during shaking is not safe.Experts further advised Business Insider that East Coasters should <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/east-coast-prepare-earthquake-aftershocks-usgs-2024-4">prepare for aftershocks</a> by moving or securing loose objects that could fall on you, especially anything above you while you sleep.<h2>Aftershocks were expected, and there could still be more</h2><div type="image" title="man with concerned expression wearing red sweater gestures at a row of homes blocked off with yellow tape" height="1500" width="2250" msid="109077462" hostid="261" sizebytes="193616"></div>Following the morning 4.8 magnitude earthquake, USGS seismologists warned that the East Coast could experience aftershocks in the coming weeks to months, most likely in the "two or three range."There is a small chance of an aftershock of similar or greater magnitude than the initial quake."No one can predict the exact time or place of any earthquake, including the aftershocks," Jessica Jobe, a geologist at the US Geological Survey, said in a briefing following the morning quake.However, aftershocks "tend to get progressively smaller over time, and they tend to get progressively rarer over time," Ben Fernando, a post-doctoral fellow studying seismology at Johns Hopkins, told BI after the 4.8 quake in the morning. "People should just stay alert, monitor alerts that are put out, et cetera."The Friday morning earthquake was a rare seismological event that was felt by the entire tristate area, from Norfolk, Virginia, and Philadelphia to Boston and Maine, according to the USGS.It came from a system of dozens of <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/east-coast-earthquake-came-from-ancient-sleeping-fault-reactivated-2024-4">fault lines which have been dormant for millions of years</a>, USGS seismologists reported."As we have tectonic plates move, and stresses kind of moving around in the Earth's crust, every now and then one of those faults will become infrequently or intermittently active, just in a single earthquake, or a series of small earthquakes," Jobe said.According to a 2019 report on earthquake mitigation, it may have been the largest earthquake felt by the state of New Jersey in about 250 years.

NYC area hit with aftershock after rare 4.8-magnitude quake. There could still be more.

6.3 earthquake strikes Afghanistan region already devastated by massive quake

Drinking water in northeastern <keyword id="6355882" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="israel" source="Orion">Israel</keyword> has become turbid after deadly earthquakes hit parts of <keyword id="6354913" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="syria" source="Orion">Syria</keyword> and <keyword id="6372909" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="turkey" source="Orion">Turkey</keyword>, local authorities said. The <keyword id="12339114" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="israeli-ministry-of-health" source="Orion">Israeli Ministry of Health</keyword> issued a statement instructing the residents of the city of Beit She'an and dozens of other localities in the area to boil drinking and cooking water, Xinhua news agency reported. Israel's Mekorot national water company explained that earthquake shock waves caused dirt to enter the water at drilling sites in the area. Powerful earthquakes rocked southern Turkey and its neighbour Syria early Monday, killing at least 2,700 people. The earthquakes were also strongly felt in Israel and Lebanon. SEE ALSO: <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/stock-market/news/bharti-airtel-tata-steel-hero-motocorp-adani-ports-among-stocks-in-focus/articleshow/97674964.cms">Sensex, Nifty50 likely to open in the green: Bharti Airtel, Tata Steel, Hero MotoCorp, Adani Ports among stocks in focus</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/ndrf-personnel-with-specially-equipped-trained-dog-squad-departs-for-earthquake-hit-turkey/articleshow/97674680.cms">NDRF personnel with specially equipped trained dog squad departs for earthquake-hit Turkey</a>

Drinking water in Israel becomes turbid after Turkey-Syria quake

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Taylor Swift recently brought the Eras Tour to Seattle's Lumen Field.</li><li>A seismologist said the concerts caused seismic activity equivalent of a 2.3 magnitude earthquake.</li></ul>Taylor Swift's latest tour stop in Seattle was so lively that it registered as an earthquake, according to a local expert.When Swift brought the Eras Tour to Lumen Field on July 22 and 23, two nights of dancing and <a href="https://www.insider.com/taylor-swift-albums-ranked-by-quality-best-worst-2023-3">ground-shaking pop music</a> caused seismic activity equivalent of a 2.3 magnitude earthquake, seismologist Jackie Caplan-Auerbach told <a href="https://edition.cnn.com/2023/07/27/entertainment/taylor-swift-seismic-activity/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">CNN</a>."I grabbed the data from both nights of the concert and quickly noticed they were clearly the same pattern of signals," she said. "If I overlay them on top of each other, they're nearly identical."The so-called "Swift Quakes" are reminiscent of the 2011 "Beast Quake," which occurred when Seattle Seahawks fans celebrated <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=foD3dkZR3fI" target="_blank" rel="noopener">a 67-yard touchdown</a> by running back Marshawn Lynch, whose nickname is "Beast Mode."But according to Caplan-Auerbach, the Swifties "doubled" the power of the NFL fans."The shaking was twice as strong as 'Beast Quake,'" she told CNN."The primary difference is the duration of shaking," Caplan-Auerbach explained. "Cheering after a touchdown lasts for a couple seconds, but eventually it dies down. It's much more random than a concert. For Taylor Swift, I collected about 10 hours of data where rhythm controlled the behavior. The music, the speakers, the beat. All that energy can drive into the ground and shake it."The Eras Tour celebrates <a href="https://www.billboard.com/lists/how-taylor-swift-changed-music-business/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Swift's 17-year career in the music industry</a> with a set list that draws songs from every corner of her discography, <a href="https://www.insider.com/taylor-swift-eras-tour-unpopular-opinions-setlist-outfits-2023-6">concluding with her 10th studio album "Midnights."</a> It's currently on track to bring in $1.4 billion, according to <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/marisadellatto/2023/06/26/taylor-swift-has-pulled-in-an-estimated-100-million-from-the-eras-tour-so-far/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Forbes</a>.The Seattle stop <a href="https://www.seattletimes.com/entertainment/music/photos-taylor-swift-brings-hotly-anticipated-eras-tour-to-lumen-field/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">broke the attendance record for Lumen Field</a>, previously set by U2 in 2011. The US leg will wrap on August 9 in Los Angeles.

Taylor Swift's tour stop in Seattle caused a 2.3 magnitude 'Swift Quake,' according to a seismologist

<ul class="summary-list"><li>NASA's <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/listen-bloop-of-meteor-falling-to-mars-nasa-insight-lander-2022-9">InSight lander</a> has detected <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-insight-lander-detects-big-mars-quakes-2021-9">Mars quakes</a> that mostly come from one region: Cerberus Fossae.</li><li>Scientists assessing those quakes discovered evidence that there's molten lava deep within Mars.</li></ul>Scientists have long thought Mars was dead — in the geological sense.Sure, the planet is peppered with volcanoes and there are ancient lava flows in some places. But the cold, barren world seemed to have lost its volcanic fervor long ago.But now, using a seismometer on NASA's InSight lander, scientists have discovered the first evidence of molten lava deep below the Martian surface.<div type="image" title="InSight mars lander" height="2160" width="2880" msid="95127808" hostid="261" sizebytes="722398"></div>The presence of active lava could change scientists' understanding of Mars's history — from its formation, to the period when it may have hosted microbial life, to the loss of its atmosphere and the cold rock it is today. That informs how scientists understand rocky planets beyond our solar system, too, including those that could host their own life.A series of Mars quakes clued the scientists in to the potential lava hotspot. Unexpectedly, most large quakes were coming from that one spot."We found something that was really not consistent with anything we believed was true," Anna Mittelholz, a planetary scientist on the team of researchers behind the discovery, told Insider.Mittelholz recalled the words of her team's lead researcher, in reference to shaking up scientists' beliefs: "Oh no, we broke Mars."<h2>The biggest Mars quakes point to an underground chamber of magma</h2>InSight has detected more than 1,300 Mars quakes since landing on the red planet in 2018. To scientists' surprise, the most powerful tremors all came from one region full of rifts, called Cerberus Fossae.<div type="image" title="cerberus fossae aerial image shows blue landscape with deep valley" height="1440" width="1920" msid="95127810" hostid="261" sizebytes="264746"></div>In a <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41550-022-01803-y">paper</a> published in Nature Astronomy on Thursday, researchers analyzed 20 of those big quakes. Seismic waves carry information about every bit of Mars they travel through on their way to InSight. The researchers discovered that certain seismic waves were moving much more slowly than they expected."The only answer that seemed to make sense with this observation is that the region has to be hot," Mittelholz said.That indicates the presence of molten lava, or "magma," deep below the Cerberus Fossae surface. That magma moving or cooling is probably what creates those quakes, according to Mittelholz, since the rumblings originate 14 to 50 kilometers below the Martian surface, where the scientists suspect the chamber of magma is."It is possible that what we are seeing are the last remnants of this once active volcanic region or that the magma is right now moving eastward to the next location of eruption," Simon Stähler, who led the study, said in a press release.The movement is also probably causing smaller, surface-level quakes, by breaking up and moving around the planet's crust in that region."We are pretty confident that there is some volcanic activity going on down there. It's very hard to explain the data in any other way. So locally, I would say it's pretty definitive. I think the bigger question is: What would we expect globally?" Mittelholz said.InSight carries the only seismometer ever placed on Mars. It's just one station in one location, and it can't detect smaller quakes that happen far away or on the other side of the planet. So scientists have limited information about Mars's seismic activity and any other potential hotspots for quakes or magma. To get the global picture of Mars quakes and volcanic activity, NASA would need to send more seismometers to the red planet.<h2>This volcanic, quake-prone region of Mars is a mystery</h2>Spacecraft orbiting Mars have imaged plenty of fault lines along its surface — regions where there's clear disruption from subsurface tremors — so scientists expected InSight to detect quakes from many different places.Mars has surprised them, though. Almost all the quakes so far have come from Cerberus Fossae."I think it will take some figuring out what this actually means and why that's the case. What is so special about Cerberus Fossae? I wouldn't say it's what we expected to see," Mittelholz said.InSight is running out of power, as dust builds up on its solar panels. Its mission on Mars will likely end before January 2023. Then there will be no seismometer on Mars to gather new information about the planet's deep structures.<div type="image" title="two images of the insight lander's circular solar array show it clear and vibrant on the left and covered in dust on the right" height="1000" width="2000" msid="95127812" hostid="261" sizebytes="129992"></div>"I think that this InSight data set will be there for awhile. There's been so much data coming all the time that it's actually been hard to fully take all the information that's in it," Mittelholz said, adding, "So I think that a lot of studies will result, even after InSight is not operating anymore."

Mars may have molten lava, scientists discover from quakes detected by NASA's Insight lander

<ul class="summary-list"><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-insight-lander-mars-quakes-reveal-molten-lava-2022-10">NASA's InSight lander</a> felt a powerful <keyword id="47638" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="mars" source="Orion">Mars</keyword> quake. Then an orbiter took a picture of the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/listen-bloop-of-meteor-falling-to-mars-nasa-insight-lander-2022-9">meteor impact</a> that caused it.</li><li>The impact kicked up boulders of water ice, which will be crucial for future astronaut missions to Mars.</li></ul>A meteor crashed into Mars on Christmas Eve 2021, and shook the planet so much that NASA's <keyword id="6474108" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="insight" source="Orion">InSight</keyword> lander recorded the rumblings.Scientists didn't know where the quake came from until NASA's <keyword id="730427" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="mars-reconnaissance-orbiter" source="Orion">Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter</keyword>, a spacecraft circling the red planet, captured images of the new impact crater. NASA <a href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nasas-insight-lander-detects-stunning-meteoroid-impact-on-mars">revealed</a> the discovery on Thursday."It was immediately clear that this is the biggest new crater we've ever seen," Ingrid Daubar, InSight impact <keyword id="41551" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="science" source="Orion">science</keyword> lead, said in a press briefing. "It's about 500 feet wide or about two city blocks across. And even though meteorites are hitting the planet all the time, this crater is more than 10 times larger than the typical new craters we see forming on Mars."<div type="image" title="Before-and-after comparison of the Amazonis Planitia location on Mars." height="602" width="1200" msid="95131545" hostid="261"></div>Around the new crater there was a telling shine: boulder-sized blocks of water ice, kicked up from beneath the surface in the explosion. It's the closest to the Martian equator that NASA has ever found water. Until now, scientists had only seen water ice clustered near the poles.The discovery is promising for NASA's plan to one day send astronauts to Mars.<div type="image" title="illustration shows astronauts using equipment on mars" height="1080" width="1440" msid="95131547" hostid="261"></div>To avoid excessively hostile weather, NASA would prefer to land astronauts close to the equator. But wherever those explorers go, they'll need to mine water, both for basic human needs and to break it down into hydrogen and oxygen to provide rocket fuel for the journey home.<h2>Meteor-impact Mars quakes can help solve a centuries-old mystery</h2><div type="image" title="mars hubble may 2016" height="1500" width="2000" msid="95131549" hostid="261"></div>Among the more than 1,300 quakes InSight has detected, scientists identified another large tremor that came from a meteor impact. The two meteors generated surface-level seismic waves — the first ever detected on another planet. Before these meteor impacts, all the quakes InSight detected came from deep underground, producing what seismologists call "body waves," rather than surface waves."This is really exciting," Doyeon Kim, a geophysicist at <keyword id="332506" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="eth-zurich" source="Orion">ETH Zurich</keyword>, who analyzed data from those quakes, told Insider, adding, "This was one of the mission goals, to detect and identify surface waves."Their findings from those meteor impacts, published in <a href="https://t.nylas.com/t1/149/4gz8rpe853ftzyx9ts4wsrw0h/3/6b8a33c1a359681a48961e58610ec2d4d63217b2a060799c8ac1d499c600b144">two</a> <a href="https://t.nylas.com/t1/149/4gz8rpe853ftzyx9ts4wsrw0h/5/c22cece3aa6d37bf14466ddbef407d476afa3582c51aa5cd784a68ca00db3f28">studies</a> in the journal Science on Thursday, may help solve a centuries-old mystery about the geography of Mars.<div type="image" title="InSight mars lander" height="2160" width="2880" msid="95131551" hostid="261"></div>For almost as long as astronomers have studied Mars, they've wondered why its northern and southern hemispheres look so different. The North is flat lowlands, while the South is full of mountains.According to Kim, there are two leading theories for this juxtaposition. One is that the North and South are made of two different types of rock. The other is that the planet's crust is simply thicker in the South. Whatever the answer is, it would be another piece in the complex puzzle of how Mars formed, which is a model for how other rocky planets around other stars may have formed.The surface waves from the meteor impacts gave scientists a peek at the nearby Martian crust. It's a small sample of the crust, so it can't solve the North-South mystery on its own, but it fits into the second theory: that the crust is thicker in the South and thinner in the North."This just provides a single or a tiny piece of evidence to start to uncover the mystery," Kim said.<h2>InSight is dying</h2><div type="image" title="two images of the insight lander's circular solar array show it clear and vibrant on the left and covered in dust on the right" height="1000" width="2000" msid="95131554" hostid="261"></div>The Insight lander is wrapping up its mission due to waning power levels, and will likely run out of energy in the next six weeks, NASA said."For the last four years, the lander has been collecting a lot of dust on its solar panels," <keyword id="15389928" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="bruce-barnerdt" source="Orion">Bruce Barnerdt</keyword>, the principal investigator for the Insight mission, said at a press briefing Thursday. "We've been sort of cutting back on the operations of the spacecraft as that's happened in order to squeeze out as much science data as we can."A recent dust storm could've been the final nail in the coffin, but it skirted past InSight's location. Still, it filled the Martian atmosphere with dust particles, reducing the amount of sunlight that gets to the ground.Correction: October 28, 2022 — An earlier version of this story misstated the number of Mars quakes that have been linked to meteor impacts. In fact, a series of small quakes have been linked to meteors.

NASA images show a meteor crashed into Mars, triggered a big quake, and kicked up surprise water ice

<ul class="summary-list"><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/asteroid-nasa-dart-impacted-looks-like-comet-hubble-photo-reveals-2022-10">NASA</a> ended its <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-insight-lander-mars-quakes-reveal-molten-lava-2022-10">InSight</a> mission on Mars after the lander stopped responding to communications from Earth.</li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-insight-lander-detects-biggest-mars-quake-yet-2022-5">Dust</a> accumulated on the lander's solar panels and slowly <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-ending-insight-mars-mission-early-dusty-solar-panels-2022-5">drained its energy</a> over the last two years.</li></ul>NASA's $813 million InSight lander has succumbed to dust on the surface of the red planet, ending its four-year mission of listening to Mars quakes, dust devils, and meteor impacts.InSight's solar panels have accumulated so much Martian grime that it can no longer produce enough power to communicate with mission control. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-retires-insight-mars-lander-mission-after-years-of-science" target="_blank" rel="noopener">NASA announced</a> that it was retiring the lander on Wednesday, after two failed attempts to reestablish communications.InSight sent this final photo before losing power:"We've thought of InSight as our friend and colleague on Mars for the past four years, so it's hard to say goodbye," Bruce Banerdt, who leads the mission at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, said in a press release. "But it has earned its richly deserved retirement."The scientists and engineers behind the mission — a platform with a robotic arm and a set of science instruments — have been battling InSight's steadily declining power levels for about two years. Designers had counted on gusts of wind to periodically blow dust off the solar panels. But the open plain where InSight landed hasn't been very windy.<h2>InSight detected more than 1,300 quakes on Mars but couldn't drill into the Martian crust</h2><div type="image" title="insight lander space science platform robot with two octagon solar arrays deployed inside clean room with technicians" height="1666" width="2222" msid="96377972" hostid="261"></div>Since it landed on Mars in November 2018, InSight has detected more than 1,300 Mars quakes, more than 10,000 dust devils, and atmospheric and seismic waves of <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/listen-bloop-of-meteor-falling-to-mars-nasa-insight-lander-2022-9">meteors</a> striking the planet.The quakes revealed the Martian crust is drier and more broken up from asteroid impacts than scientists thought ⁠— more like the moon than like Earth — and has at least two sublayers, wrapped around a large liquid core. They even pointed to <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-insight-lander-mars-quakes-reveal-molten-lava-2022-10">a potential chamber of magma</a> — molten volcanic rock — deep underground.Since a planet's full history is encoded in its interior layers, InSight's findings will help researchers revisit their models of how rocky planets form, and ultimately, inform the study of worlds that could host life beyond our solar system.<div type="image" title="marsquake artist's concept" height="788" width="1400" msid="96377975" hostid="261"></div>But the lander struggled to reach its full potential. One of its instruments — a probe called "the mole" — was unable to burrow into the Martian crust. NASA had to abandon that project in 2021.Since then, the persistent dust of the red planet has repeatedly forced NASA to put InSight into temporary hibernation, pausing scientific activities.The InSight team previously estimated the lander would run out of power and die sometime between late October 2022 and January 2023. In recent weeks, mission leaders expected the lander to maintain communications well into January.<div type="image" title="insight mars lander illustration with instruments and solar arrays labeled" height="1507" width="2700" msid="96377977" hostid="261"></div><h2>InSight looked where no mission had before: deep within Mars</h2>NASA created the InSight mission to take Mars's vital signs: its pulse in the form of quakes, its temperature through the mole probe, and its "reflexes" through a radio experiment that measured the planet's wobble along its axis and provided information about Mars's deep core.While previous landers and rovers studied the planet's surface, InSight was designed to probe its interior.The robot completed its primary mission in 2020, earning an extended mission through December 2022 that allowed it to capture Mars's most dramatic quakes.<div type="image" title="NASA InSight Mars lander" height="1266" width="1687" msid="96377980" hostid="261"></div>"Before InSight, the interior of Mars was kind of just a big question mark," Bruce Banerdt, who leads the mission at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, said in a press briefing in May. "Now we can actually draw a quantitatively precise picture of the inside of Mars."One key piece of that picture is missing: Mars's internal temperature.InSight's mole instrument was designed to burrow 10 feet into the Martian crust and measure the heat flowing out of the planet's core. That would have allowed scientists to trace the history of the planet's formation and evolution over the last 4.6 billion years — a history that would help scientists track down Martian water, and possibly life.<div type="image" title="mars insight mole heat probe skitch" height="768" width="1024" msid="96377983" hostid="261"></div>But in February 2019, the mole found itself bouncing in place on a foundation of firm, impenetrable soil. It couldn't hammer into the crust. The InSight team spent the next two years troubleshooting, beaming new software to InSight to teach its robotic arm new maneuvers to assist the mole, and anxiously waiting for photos that might show progress.In 2021, NASA announced it was <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/what-caused-nasa-mars-mole-failure-soil-dusty-solar-panels-2021-1">abandoning the mole</a>.<div type="image" title="mars insight mole" height="1024" width="1024" msid="96377985" hostid="261"></div>"It's just been a huge effort across the board, and one that we never anticipated," Sue Smrekar, a lead scientist on the InSight team who spent 10 years working on the mole, told Insider at the time.No other Mars mission in NASA's foreseeable future can take the internal temperature measurements the mole was designed to take."This has been our best attempt to get that data," Smrekar said, adding, "From my personal standpoint, it's super disappointing, and scientifically it's also a very significant loss. So it feels really like a huge letdown."Part of the reason they couldn't continue the mole effort was that InSight was beginning to run low on power. Thick dust had accumulated on the solar panels, and NASA had to preserve the lander's scarce energy for operations guaranteed to return scientific results.<h2>NASA had no way to clear the dust</h2>By May 2022, InSight was producing just one-tenth of the daily energy it generated at the start of the mission.<div type="image" title="insight graphic shows dust accumulation and energy drop" height="1688" width="3000" msid="96377988" hostid="261"></div>NASA's engineers tried to remove the dust. The team instructed InSight to shake the solar panels, but that didn't clear them off.Then they instructed the robot to scoop up dirt and slowly trickle it next to the solar panels. The thinking was that some of the large grains of sand would get caught in the wind, bounce off the solar panels, and take some stubborn dust with them.It worked — a little. The first attempt added about 30 watt-hours to daily energy production. The team conducted six of these dirt-trickling operations, which generated enough power to keep running the seismometer regularly.That didn't last long. A few months after giving up on the mole, engineers had to temporarily shut down InSight's science instruments, reducing the lander to only essential operations to keep it functional as it weathered the harsh Mars winter on rationed power.In 2022, InSight's power levels dropped low enough to trigger that safety mode at least three times.InSight isn't the first Mars robot to succumb to dust. <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/the-best-songs-nasa-mars-opportunity-rover-morning-playlist-2022-11">NASA's solar-powered Opportunity rover</a> dropped out of communication during a dust storm in 2018 and never came back online.NASA's newest Mars missions — the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasas-curiosity-rover-discover-mars-climate-history-2021-4">Curiosity</a> and Perseverance rovers — are nuclear-powered. They don't need sunlight to stay operational.InSight's mission may be over, but there are plenty of new findings to come from its data."There's been so much data coming all the time that it's actually been hard to fully take all the information that's in it," Anna Mittelholz, a planetary scientist at Harvard University, previously told Insider. "So I think that a lot of studies will result, even after InSight is not operating anymore."

NASA's InSight lander sent this final photo before dying after 4 years studying Mars quakes, dust devils, and meteor impacts

<ul class="summary-list"><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-insight-lander-may-run-out-of-power-2021-6">NASA's InSight lander</a> detected the biggest <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-insight-lander-missing-big-mars-quakes-2021-4">Mars quake</a> ever, 16 times stronger than the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-insight-lander-detects-big-mars-quakes-2021-9">prior record</a>.</li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/what-caused-nasa-mars-mole-failure-soil-dusty-solar-panels-2021-1">InSight</a> sensed the big quake just days before a <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-insight-mars-lander-hibernating-so-batteries-dont-die-2021-4">power shortage</a> put the robot in safe mode.</li></ul><keyword id="6360409" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="nasa" source="Orion">NASA</keyword> has detected the largest <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-insight-lander-detects-big-mars-quakes-2021-9">Mars quake</a> yet, a tremor nearly 16 times stronger than the previous record-holder. It shook the <keyword id="11895441" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="space" source="Orion">space</keyword> agency's <keyword id="12161869" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="insight" source="Orion">InSight</keyword> lander on May 4.That would be a medium-sized earthquake, but it's a big one for <keyword id="12055530" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="mars" source="Orion">Mars</keyword> and the largest ever detected on another planet.<div type="image" title="insight seismometer white dome on mars surface dirt" height="1024" width="1024" msid="91479413" hostid="261"></div>"This quake is sure to provide a view into the planet like no other. Scientists will be analyzing this data to learn new things about Mars for years to come," Bruce Banerdt, who leads the InSight team at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, said in a <a href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nasas-insight-records-monster-quake-on-mars?utm_source=iContact&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_campaign=nasajpl&amp;utm_content=mars20220509">statement</a> on Monday.InSight landed on Mars with a seismometer in tow in 2018. Since deploying the quake-measuring instrument, it's detected more than 1,300 temblors. Most of them were small rumbles. For three years, scientists were waiting to catch a big one.Until now, the most powerful Mars quake they detected was a 4.2 magnitude, in September. The May 4 quake has an estimated magnitude of 5, which would make it six times bigger than the September quake, releasing 15.8 times more energy. (The Richter scale of magnitude is exponential, so small increases in quake magnitude correspond to big jumps in size and strength.)<div type="image" title="spectrogram graph shows big bright yellow spike corresponding to major mars quake" height="1009" width="1793" msid="91479414" hostid="261"></div>It's too early to say where the new quake came from, what caused it, or how it resonated through the Martian interior. Still, the last three years of seismic data have shown researchers that Mars' crust is thinner than they thought, and more like the moon's crust — broken up from asteroid impacts — than Earth's. The quakes have also revealed that Mars has a molten core.InSight's big-quake victory is clouded by a power crisis. The lander's home in an open plain turned out to be less windy than scientists expected, which allowed a thick accumulation of dust to build up on its solar panels.NASA approved funding for InSight's mission through December 2022, but the agency said in a <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-to-provide-update-on-insight-mars-lander">statement</a> on Tuesday that the lander is "unlikely" to continue operations through that time period unless a surprise wind clears the dust away.<h2>Dust is draining InSight's power supply and menacing NASA's Mars helicopter</h2><div type="image" title="insight robot on mars covered in brown dust" height="1024" width="1024" msid="91479415" hostid="261"></div>The InSight team has spent more than a year <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/what-caused-nasa-mars-mole-failure-soil-dusty-solar-panels-2021-1">struggling to increase the robot's solar-energy production</a> in order to fuel its scientific instruments. Now, with Martian winter approaching and more dust gathering in the air, InSight is absorbing even less sunlight. Its power supply fell below a level that triggers its safety mode on Saturday, suspending non-essential functions, including <keyword id="11896083" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="science" source="Orion">science</keyword> activities, for the second time this year.The lander lost so much power last Mars winter that NASA engineers put it into hibernation, shutting down its science instruments for the season. At the time, Banerdt told NASA's Mars Exploration Program Analysis Group that <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-insight-lander-may-run-out-of-power-2021-6">the lander's mission was likely to end</a> soon after the onset of the next winter, in April 2022.NASA said Tuesday that it will share an update on InSight's future and its power situation on May 17.Dust is a persistent threat to all Mars robots. Last week, in a crater to the west, the red-brown powder plunged the iconic Ingenuity helicopter into a communications blackout for the first time. NASA re-established a connection with the drone later that day, once the sun had risen and recharged Ingenuity's batteries. But the incident has put the helicopter in a power-preserving mode similar to InSight's, shutting down non-vital functions in order to build up a battery charge.<div type="image" title="ingenuity helicopter on mars surface in brown dirt" height="1192" width="1592" msid="91479416" hostid="261"></div>If InSight doesn't survive the year, it would join the ranks of another high-tech Mars robot that cost NASA hundreds of millions of dollars and succumbed to dust. The agency's Opportunity rover never powered back up again after a dust storm drained its energy in 2018.

Wavering NASA lander detects biggest Mars quake yet, even as dust drains its energy

<keyword id="6370280" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="manila">Manila</keyword>, An earthquake measuring 6.3 on the Richter scale jolted the Davao del Sur province in the <keyword id="3750" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Philippines">Philippines</keyword> on Sunday, authorities said, adding that damages were expected. The Philippine Institute of Seismology and <keyword id="1425931" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Volcanology">Volcanology</keyword> (Phivolcs) said the <keyword id="43061" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="quake">quake</keyword>, which struck at 12.22 p.m. (local time), hit at a depth of 15 m, about 6 km southeast of <keyword id="6367959" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="magsaysay">Magsaysay</keyword> town, reported The institute said the quake, which was tectonic in origin, will trigger aftershocks and cause damage. The tremors was also felt in Kadapawan City, Koronadal City in South Cotabato and other areas in the <keyword id="344711" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Mindanao">Mindanao</keyword> region. It was not immediately known if there were any casualties or injuries. The Philippines has frequent seismic activity due to its location along the Pacific "Ring of Fire". SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/stock-market/news/heres-why-you-arent-being-able-to-apply-for-brookfield-reit-ipo-through-zerodha-groww-angel-broking-and-other-stockbroking-apps/articleshow/80686457.cms">Here's why you aren't being able to apply for Brookfield REIT IPO through Zerodha, Groww and other stockbroking apps</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/stock-market/news/analysts-explain-why-indigo-paints-shares-fell-with-a-thud-just-like-burger-king-and-mrs-bectors-and-what-to-do-with-it-now/articleshow/80704864.cms">Indigo Paints joins the league of Burger King and Bector's — frenzied IPOs that fizzled out</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/the-india-stack-that-bill-gates-and-sundar-pichai-so-love-is-set-to-get-much-bigger-thanks-to-the-indian-governments-new-blockchain-strategy/articleshow/80718403.cms">The India stack that Bill Gates and Sundar Pichai so love is set to get much bigger – thanks to the Indian government’s new blockchain strategy</a>

Earthquake of 6.3 magnitude hits Philippines

<ul><li>The quake struck Nyima County at 4.07 a.m., <keyword id="106387" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Xinhua-news-agency">Xinhua news agency</keyword> quoted <keyword id="9626174" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="the-china-earthquake-networks-center">the China Earthquake Networks Center</keyword> as saying. </li><li>The epicenter was monitored at 33.19 degrees north latitude and 86.81 degrees east longitude, with a depth of 10 km. </li><li>Telecommunication, electricity and water supply remain normal in the county. </li></ul> Lhasa, An earthquake measuring 6.6 on the <keyword id="49760" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Richter-scale">Richter scale</keyword> jolted Tibet on Thursday, authorities said, adding that there were no reports of casualties. The quake struck Nyima County at 4.07 a.m., Xinhua news agency quoted the China Earthquake Networks Center as saying. The epicenter was monitored at 33.19 degrees north latitude and 86.81 degrees east longitude, with a depth of 10 km. The county has launched an emergency response. Telecommunication, electricity and water supply remain normal in the county. The epicenter was less than 20 km away from Rongmar Township where the quake was strongly felt. Rongmar, at an average altitude of over 5,000 metres, administers two villages. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/health/news/coovid-vaccine-from-oxford-serum-institute-and-astrazeneca-shows-promising-immune-response/articleshow/77069321.cms">The COVID-19 vaccine from Oxford and AstraZeneca shows 'promising' results in early human trials</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/careers/news/from-intel-and-wipro-to-tcs-and-google-here-are-the-top-job-openings-in-the-multinational-companies/articleshow/77058769.cms">From Intel and Wipro to TCS and Google— Here are the top job openings in the multinational companies</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/mobile/news/checkout-upcoming-affordable-smartphone-oneplus-nord-launch-price-specifications-features/articleshow/77061620.cms">OnePlus Nord launch price, specs and more – Everything we know about the upcoming affordable OnePlus smartphone</a>

You Searched For "quake" and got 11 results

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NASA's InSight lander sent this final photo before dying after 4 years studying Mars quakes, dust devils, and meteor impacts

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