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<ul class="summary-list"><li>Celebrity-loved <keyword id="23661" type="POSITION" weightage="60" keywordseo="dentist">dentist</keyword> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/doctorapa/?hl=en">Michael Apa</a> is known for his boutique <a href="https://www.insider.com/category/veneers">veneers</a>, which can cost clients up to $80,000 for a whole smile.</li><li>Apa's worked on the smiles of celebrities including actress <keyword id="3079073" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="Chlo-Sevigny">Chloë Sevigny</keyword>, Victoria's Secret model <keyword id="1827551" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="Elsa-Hosk">Elsa Hosk</keyword>, <keyword id="752533" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="Vinny-Guadagnino">Vinny Guadagnino</keyword> of "<a href="https://www.insider.com/category/jersey-shore">Jersey Shore</a>," and Kyle Richards of "Real Housewives."</li><li>We visited Apa's New York City office to see how the <keyword id="3288872" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="veneers">veneers</keyword> are customized and handmade by a team of in-house master ceramicists.<a href="https://bi.slack.com/archives/D8CH26QP9/p1576098178006100"></a></li></ul>Following is a transcript of the <keyword id="21654" type="COMPANY" weightage="60" keywordseo="video">video</keyword>.Narrator: This is <keyword id="11727179" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="michael-apa">Michael Apa</keyword>. He spends most of his days flying between New York City and Dubai in the United Arab Emirates. He works on the smiles of Hollywood actors, reality-TV stars, fashion models, and even royals. He's most sought-after for his boutique porcelain veneers, which cost clients $4,000 a tooth and up to $80,000 for a full smile reconstruction. So how did Apa become the world's leading <keyword id="6355064" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="Celebrity">celebrity</keyword> dentist, and what makes his signature veneers so pricey?Michael Apa: So, when I first started in cosmetic dentistry, one thing that was being taught was something called smile design, which was a golden proportion of the mouth and tooth form to create an ideal smile. And I think that's where the term "chicklets" and such came from, is because everybody kind of had this cookie-cutter, perfect smile. Narrator: According to Apa, what makes a perfect smile is actually, well, an imperfect one. Embracing the imperfections is key to Apa's signature method, called Facial Aesthetic Design. Here, he's using Facial Aesthetic Design to create a straighter, more confident smile for his client Andrea.Andrea Ahern: I find that my <keyword id="23660" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="teeth">teeth</keyword> are a little uneven, they kind of slant this way, and I don't like my gumline, and they're uneven underneath.Apa: Maybe four veneers on top, four veneers on bottom. And we would be able to straighten the teeth out, and we would also be able to use a laser where we would reshape some of the gum so that you wouldn't see as much to make it more proportional to the rest of your teeth and your smile.Narrator: The method uses a client's unique facial features to determine their most flattering smile. This personalized way of designing the smiles means no two are the same and is just the first reason why they're so pricey. After the number and shape of veneers are decided and the client undergoes any preliminary dental work, like fillings or gum reshaping, Apa takes a mold of the client's teeth. The mold will be used to create a set of temporary inserts for the client to test-drive their new look.Andrea: That is insane.Apa: Looks like big fake teeth, right? [Andrea laughs]Andrea: That's amazing.Narrator: Once a client is happy with the results, their smile moves into the hands of Apa's in-house team of master ceramicists. Having an in-house team at this skill level gives Apa full control over how each smile is made and is probably the biggest contributor to the teeth's price tag.Apa: When you talk about this process, it's almost like we're creating individual jewelry for the teeth, and that is the level at which it's crafted.Narrator: The ceramicists shape the teeth out of a special blend of porcelain, applying it carefully layer by layer with attention to pigment.Apa: The interesting part about white teeth: There's really no such thing as white. It's all a matter of value and opacity.Narrator: While bright-white veneers may have four to five shades, Apa's teeth use 17 to 20 different shades and opacities. The deepest pigments are layered toward the base of the gum, becoming gradually lighter and more translucent toward the tip. The overall effect so closely mimics natural teeth that, when inserted, there'd be no reason for the average person to believe the teeth are anything other than real. The custom teeth are typically ready in under a week, but those from out of town can get a new smile in as little as 24 hours. The convenience is a major plus for his high-profile clients with jet-setting schedules. The bespoke level at which Apa's veneers are designed isn't the only reason they're so expensive. It also comes down to the method in which they're actually inserted. At any other dentist's office, Apa says a client can expect to set aside an entire day for an insert. But here, it's in and out in under two hours. Part of what makes Apa's process so quick is what he calls a minimally invasive approach.Apa: So, when we talk about being minimally invasive in someone's mouth, it means cutting away as little tooth as possible and saving as much healthy tooth as possible. That in turn is what makes the veneers last longer. So, the less invasive you are in the mouth, the stronger the bond of the porcelain to the natural tooth.Narrator: This minimally invasive method is supposed to cause less pain and discomfort, too.Apa: I'm gonna lip-assist you, because you're really numb. Smile. And now you can pull it up.Andrea: Oh, my God.Apa: Right?Andrea: Oh, my God!Narrator: With proper care, clients can expect their designer smiles to last anywhere from 15 to 20 years.Andrea: I feel extremely confident with my teeth now. I'm smiling more in pictures, I just seem to be opening my mouth a lot more and not closing my lips. It's just life-changing.EDITOR'S NOTE: This video was originally published in December 2019.

This celebrity dentist crafts $80,000 porcelain veneers for celebrities

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image">REUTERS/Joshua RobertsU.S. President Donald Trump speaks during the Inaugural Law Enforcement Officers and First Responders Reception in the Blue Room of the White House in Washington, U.S., January 22, 2017.</div></div></div>37 psychiatrists, psychologists, and social workers said in a joint letter <a href="http://www.lancedodes.com/new-york-times-letter">published in the New York Times on Monday</a> that President Donald Trump is unfit to be president."We believe that the grave emotional instability indicated by Mr. Trump's speech and actions makes him incapable of serving safely as president," the letter reads.Here's how they explain their reasoning:Mr. Trump's speech and actions demonstrate an inability to tolerate views different from his own, leading to rage reactions. His words and behavior suggest a profound inability to empathize. Individuals with these traits distort reality to suit their psychological state, attacking facts and those who convey them (journalists, scientists).As the mental health experts acknowledge in the letter, it's unusual for people in their position to take a position on the well-being of a public figure.In 1973 ,the American Psychiatric Association (APA) banned members from speculating about the mental health of people they have not personally examined. Termed the "Goldwater Rule," the APA adopted it in part to respond to some psychiatrists who <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jonathan-d-moreno/the-real-story-behind-the_b_11733088.html">had made some ill-advised statements</a> about 1964 Republican presidential candidate Barry Goldwater.Many researchers <a href="http://nymag.com/scienceofus/2017/01/a-therapist-attempts-to-explain-trumps-behavior-so-far.html">argue</a> though that the Goldwater Rule is based on an old paradigm of how to <a href="http://nymag.com/scienceofus/2017/01/a-therapist-attempts-to-explain-trumps-behavior-so-far.html">evaluate someone's mental health</a>.Speaking to Business Insider for <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/clinton-trump-debate-psychology-experts-2016-10">a separate story before the election</a>, the personality psychologists Brent Roberts and Scott Lilienfield (neither of whom signed the New York Times letter) explained that in their field, secondary reports and descriptions of a person's behavior can be more valuable than any direct examination.Other major psychological associations haven't adopted their own versions of the Goldwater Rule, which covers psychiatrists.The 37 experts who signed the letter write that psychiatry's self-imposed silence was keeping them from sharing their expertise with journalists and members of Congress."We fear that too much is at stake to be silent any longer," the letter reads.Here's the full list of psychiatrists, psychologists, and social workers who signed the letter:Lance Dodes, M.D.Joseph Schachter, M.D., Ph.D.Susan Radant, Ph.D.Judith Schachter, M.D.Jules Kerman, M.D., Ph.DJeffrey Seitelman, M.D., Ph.D.Henry Friedman, M.D.Babak Roshanaei-Moghaddam, MDDavid Cooper, Ph.D.Dena Sorbo, LCSW, BCDJoseph Reppen, Ph.D.Ernest Wallwork, Ph.D.Judith E. Vida, M.D.Richard Reichbart, J.D., Ph.D.Joseph Abrahams, M.D.Leslie Schweitzer-Miller, M.D.Cheryl Y. Goodrich, Ph.D.Lourdes Henares-Levy, M.D.Alexandra Rolde, M.D.Dr. med. Helen Schoenhals HartEva D. Papiasvili, Ph.D.Mali Mann, M.D.Phyllis Tyson, Ph.D.Era A. Loewenstein, Ph.D.Marianna Adler, Ph.D.Henry Nunberg, M.D.Marc R. Hirsch, Ph.D.Lora Heims Tessman, Ph.D.Monisha Nayar-Akhtar, Ph.D.Victoria Schreiber, M.A., L.M.S.W.Penny M Freedman, Ph.D.Merton A. Shill, JD. LLM., PhD.Helen K. Gediman, Ph.D.Michael P. Kowitt, Ph.D.Leonard Glass, M.D. <div class="margin-top"> <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/national-security-adviser-michael-flynn-resigns-russian-sanctions-kellyanne-conway-donald-trump-matt-lauer-nbc-2017-2">'That makes no sense!': Matt Lauer grills Kellyanne Conway over the timing of Michael Flynn's resignation</a></h3> <div> <div> <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="Zwd3JwOTE6uBdDMvlcPuaiFWWrsRRaHb" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div> </div> </div> </div>

37 mental health experts sign a letter warning of Trump's 'grave emotional instability'

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"></div></div></div>We all know it's important to exercise.The CDC <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/physicalactivity/everyone/guidelines/adults.html">recommends</a> adults get two and a half hours of moderately intense activity - like briskly walking or riding a bike - each week.But finding the time and energy to do it can be a struggle: Nearly <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/exercise.htm">80% of adults</a> don't meet these basic fitness goals.You might be familiar with the physical benefits of regular workouts, but the psychological ones are equally important.Regular exercise may help with everything from <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0091743506003719">boosting your mood</a> to <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/r-could-strenuous-exercise-at-night-mean-better-sleep-2014-02">improving your sleep schedule</a>. Keeping these in mind could help push you to hit the gym a little more frequently.Here are some of the biggest psychological benefits of exercise, which we compiled using research from the <a href="http://www.appliedsportpsych.org/resource-center/health-fitness-resources/psychological-benefits-of-exercise/">Association for Applied Sport Psychology</a> (AASP):<h2>1. It lifts your mood.</h2>Research has shown that regular exercise can help give your mood a boost. Several recent studies suggest that, whether you <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/should-women-lift-weights-2015-3">lift weights</a> or <a href="http://www.apa.org/monitor/2011/12/exercise.aspx">go for a run</a>, working out can help reduce anxiety and improve overall mental health.A recent study of <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0091743506003719" target="_blank">8,000 Dutch people</a> between ages 16 and 65 found that, in general, people who exercised regularly "were more satisfied with their life and happier than non-exercisers at all ages," the authors wrote in their paper.The American Psychological Association (APA) has also said that exercising can help make you feel happier - and in some cases the results can be felt pretty quickly. "The link between exercise and mood is pretty strong," Boston University psychology professor <a href="http://www.apa.org/monitor/2011/12/exercise.aspx">Michael Otto told the APA</a>. "Usually within five minutes after moderate exercise you get a mood-enhancement effect."<h2>2. It reduces stress.</h2><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"></div></div></div>Working out can <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/power-poses-to-reduce-stress-2015-6">help reduce overall stress levels</a>, as well as improve your ability to cope with and respond to mentally taxing situations. "Exercise may be a way of biologically toughening up the brain so stress has less of a central impact," <a href="http://www.apa.org/monitor/2011/12/exercise.aspx">said Otto.</a><h2>3. It boosts your confidence.</h2>In addition to lifting your mood, regular exercise can also help support a healthier body image, according to a <a href="somea%20growing%20body%20of%20evidence%20to%20suggest">growing body of research</a>.Whether it's a result of physically changing your body or being proud of completing a set amount of exercise, the positive effects of establishing a workout routine can translate into increased self-satisfaction, the <a href="http://www.appliedsportpsych.org/resource-center/health-fitness-resources/psychological-benefits-of-exercise/">AASP reports</a>. <h2>4. It helps you sleep.</h2>And as we all know, more sleep means more energy throughout the day. And regular workouts can help you keep a regular sleep schedule.A <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/r-could-strenuous-exercise-at-night-mean-better-sleep-2014-02">recent study</a> of young people found that those who worked out intensely in the evenings slept better than their peers who didn't work out or who worked out less intensely. The ones who exercised more vigorously also tended to fall asleep faster, wake up fewer times throughout the night, and sleep more deeply than those who exercised less vigorously. <div class="margin-top"> <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/total-body-workout-one-simple-exercise-lunge-kettlebell-2015-4">This simple exercise will give you a total body workout and show results super fast</a></h3> <div> <div> <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="V4M2ttdDrUHGBlw0wJoSFA6wFTlPUjtn" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div> </div> </div> </div>

4 ways exercise gives your mind and body a boost

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"></div></div></div><ul class="summary-list"><li>Boeing told pilots after its first fatal 737 Max crash that it had sold a safety feature as an optional extra in the planes because many airlines felt it would "confuse" pilots.</li><li>A Boeing executive told members of the pilots union for American Airlines that most carriers do not buy the angle of attack indicator because they would have to train pilots to use it.</li><li>The investigations into both crashes have suggested that better information from the plane's instruments may have helped the pilots prevent the crash.</li><li>Boeing defended its decision, arguing that the indicator is not essential for pilot safety. Union representatives said that pilots should have the maximum amount of information possible.</li><li>You can listen to audio of the exchange below.</li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/?hprecirc-bullet" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories.</a></li></ul>After the first fatal crash of its one of its 737 Max planes, a Boeing executive told concerned pilots that one of its safety features came only as a paid-for extra because airlines worried that it would "confuse" pilots.An audio recording of a November 2018 meeting between union reps and Boeing executives, shared with Business Insider, demonstrates that the company was keen to downplay concerns about the 737 Max jet.At the time of the recording, one 737 Max had gone down - Lion Air's flight 610, which crashed into the Java Sea. Five months after that crash, a 737 Max operated by Ethiopian Airlines also crashed.The executive was telling representatives of the union for American Airlines pilots - the Allied Pilots Association - why it had not installed an system known as an angle of attack indicator.<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"></div></div></div>His argument was that the extra safety measure was not popular with airlines, who did not want to train pilots to use it, and thought it may "confuse" them while flying.He said:"A lot of airlines don't want the AOA gauge because the pilot's not trained to fly with it and they feel as if it could confuse the pilots."And they don't want to spend any training time to train the pilots on how to operate the AOA. I'm comfortable with AOA, I love it, but most of the airlines don't like it."They think it would maybe distract the pilots and confuse them."It is not clear from the audio exactly who was speaking. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/14/business/boeing-737-max-ethiopian-plane-crash.html">According to The New York Times</a>, Boeing employees at the meeting included Mike Sinnett, a Boeing vice president; Craig Bomben, Boeing test pilot, and John Moloney; a senior Boeing lobbyist.&#xa0;Read more: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/boeing-played-down-737-max-second-crash-concern-pilots-audio-reports-2019-5?r=US&amp;IR=T">Boeing dismissed fears of a second 737 Max crash when confronted by pilots after the plane's first disaster, leaked audio reveals</a>Here is an audio clip of the exchange:The full audio is at the end of this article.The angle of attack (AOA) indicator was not installed on either of the 737 Max planes which crashed. Between the two disasters, 346 people were killed.The indicator produces measurements which show the plane's orientation in the sky - its angle of attack. This can alert pilots if the plane is pointing in the wrong direction.Boeing <a href="https://boeing.mediaroom.com/news-releases-statements?item=130431">has said in public statements</a>&#xa0;that the system is not necessary to fly the plane safely.<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"></div></div></div>The AOA indicator is also a constituent part of a broader safety system that can alert the pilots to incorrect readings.The sensor is used to provide a data feed for the AOA "disagree" light - a warning indicator that alerts pilots when the two sensors measuring a plane's angle of attack are in conflict.Without multiple streams of data, the disagree system cannot notice a discrepancy.Since the crashes, <a href="https://boeing.mediaroom.com/news-releases-statements?item=130431">Boeing has admitted</a> that it wanted the disagree light to be a standard feature. However, when they realised it relied on an optional component - the AOA indicator - the company decided to provide the plane without this system.Read more:<a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/american-airlines-ceo-reveals-safe-flying-boeing-737-max-2019-5">&#xa0;American Airlines CEO reveals when he would feel safe flying on the Boeing 737 Max again</a>Preliminary reports from the investigations into both crashes suggested that there were problems with the angle of attack readings.Investigators believe these triggered an automated system on the plane -the Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System (MCAS) - to force the nose of the plane down.Both flights made abrupt descents before crashing. The Lion Air flight ultimately hit the sea, while the Ethiopian Airlines plane crashed into the ground, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ethiopian-airlines-boeing-737-max-crash-575mph-32ft-crater-2019-4?r=US&amp;IR=T">leaving a crater 32 feet deep and 131 feet long</a>.<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"></div></div></div>After the Lion Air crash, Boeing conducted a review to work out whether the absence of the light was a safety risk. It concluded that it was not.Following the second crash, Boeing committed to including the disagree light as standard, but said it would be incorporated it in a way that does not require the AOA indicator, leaving that feature as optional.Read more:<a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/boeing-737-max-faa-brings-nasa-air-force-review-software-fix-2019-5">&#xa0;The FAA is so concerned about the future of Boeing's 737 Max that it is bringing in NASA and the Air Force to help ensure it is safe to fly again</a><div>The Federal Aviation Administration <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/05/business/boeing-737-max-warning-light.html">said in May</a> that Boeing had briefed them on the lack of working alert light in November, and that FAA officials considered the issue to be "low risk."Nonetheless, it noted that Boeing waited a year to tell the FAA and airlines about the issue.<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"></div></div></div></div>A member of the APA said in the November meeting with Boeing that American Airlines decided to include the optional AOA sensor because of pressure from its members."By the way, the APA required them to get that," they said.But the APA members at the meeting were still critical of Boeing's communication around the plane's software and its angle of attack system."We flat-out deserve to know what is on our airplanes," one pilot said.<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"></div></div></div>At another point in the exchange, a Boeing representative said that he didn't think a deep understanding of the MCAS system would have prevented a disaster, given the low chance of it malfunctioning."I don't know that understanding this system would've changed the outcome on this," he said.In response, the APA members argued that they wanted more information regardless. They criticised Boeing for not including the system in its training or manuals.One pilot said this had shaken his trust in Boeing, which had previously been strong.Describing Boeing's attitude, he said the company seemed to think that for "the average pilot, that's a little bit too much information for him to understand and be able to comprehend."Read more: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/boeing-angle-of-attack-disagree-alert-system-optional-737-max-2019-5" data-analytics-position="3">Boeing admits that it made a key alert system linked to faulty sensors optional on 737 MAX planes</a>"I have a hard time with that," he added.<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"></div></div></div>The APA said that its president, Dan Carry; its vice president, Tim Hamel; its safety committee chairman, Mike Michaelis; and its communications committee chairman, Dennis Tajer, were among those present.In response to the criticism, a Boeing executive said the company was "looking at" changes it could make to the software to make the disagree light work without the optional extra AOA sensor. Six months later, in May 2019, Boeing committed to making that change.In a statement to Business Insider about the recording, a Boeing spokesman said: "We are focused on working with pilots, airlines and global regulators to certify the updates on the MAX and provide additional training and education to safely return the planes to flight."Captain Daniel F. Carey, the president of APA, said in a statement to Business Insider: "American Airlines pilots have been pressing Boeing for answers because we owe it to our passengers and the 346 people who lost their lives to do everything we can to prevent another tragedy."Boeing did not treat the 737 Max 8 situation like the emergency it was," he said.<h2>Full audio of the exchange:</h2>&#xa0;Get the latest Boeing stock price <a href="http://markets.businessinsider.com/stock/BA-Quote">here.</a><div></div><div></div> <div class="margin-top"> <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/uber-self-driving-taxis-test-drive-2016-9">We rode in a self-driving Uber - here's what it was like</a></h3> <div> </div> </div>

After the first fatal 737 Max crash, Boeing said it hadn't installed an extra safety feature because it might 'confuse' pilots

Indianapolis (US), Jul 5 (AP) NASCAR's extravagant weekend at Indianapolis Motor Speedway - where the back-and-forth battle between Kevin Harvick and Denny Hamlin should continue - has been rocked by its first driver testing positive for the coronavirus. Seven-time NASCAR champion Jimmie Johnson will miss what was supposed to be his final Brickyard 400 as he quarantines following the Friday test result. He was asymptomatic but wife Chani had tested positive, so Johnson had himself checked. Johnson said he was disappointed and worried about the emotional impact of the positive tests on his young children. He still plans to step away from full-time racing after the season, though not away from the sport. "Clearly I have this interest in Indy cars, sports cars, and in many other forms of racing so I assume that's helping me deal with this and not feel like, you know, so I'm having some things taken away from me," he said Saturday. NASCAR was one of the first sports to resume competition following the sports shutdown and Sunday will be its 12th Cup race since the May return. Drivers are told to isolate at the race track, limit interaction with their crews and wear masks. The entire industry stood shoulder-to-shoulder two weeks ago in support of driver Bubba Wallace, and Johnson was front and center and even hugged Wallace after the national anthem at Talladega. Johnson also spent a day this week in Dallara's simulator as preparation for a now-postponed Indy car test. Johnson on Sunday had hoped to tie Jeff Gordon and Michael Schumacher as the only drivers with five victories at Indianapolis. Instead, Justin Allgaier will drive the Hendrick Motorsports No. 48 Chevrolet. Harvick, meanwhile, will attempt to win a second consecutive Brickyard and a win on Indy's oval would tie NASCAR's points leader with Hamlin, the Daytona 500, at four wins each. The duo has combined for seven victories in 15 Cup races, including four of the last six and consecutive 1-2 finishes last weekend at Pocono. It's a championship battle in the making and could be a key element in one of NASCAR's crown jewel events. "We're winning races, doing the things we need to do right now, running up front," said Harvick, a two-time Brickyard winner. "When you look at the win column, as long as you're winning races, that's what it takes to win championships." NASCAR raced at Daytona International Speedway on the July Fourth holiday weekend starting in 1959 but moved it to Indianapolis this year as one of the biggest shakeups to the original 2020 schedule. Indy, now owned by Roger Penske, had planned for the weekend to be a celebration of America that honored the military and entertained fans. Penske and NASCAR added another wrinkle when the Xfinity Series race was moved to the IMS road course, and this weekend was going to be an impressive display of a massive makeover Penske has given the speedway. The pandemic upended everything. IndyCar's schedule was decimated and Penske moved that series to Saturday on the IMS road course. The important doubleheader has raised the anticipation for this holiday weekend of racing even though spectators aren't permitted and the two series can't mingle. Penske takes solace in that both IndyCar and NASCAR will be telecast by NBC, which this week takes over its portion of the NASCAR television schedule. "With both races on network, we do hope fans will tune in and get to see really great racing," Penske said. The Cup cars have struggled to make competitive racing the last several years at Indy - Penske said the series could be moved to the road course in the future - and Sunday's one-day show of no practice or qualifying will benefit the elite teams and veteran drivers. That for sure means Harvick and Hamlin should be in the mix. Harvick led 118 of 160 laps in last year's race, winning by more than six seconds. A year earlier, Hamlin was lead until a caution with six laps remaining erased his cushion and allowed Brad Keselowski to pass him for the win. Hamlin is 0-for-14 at the Brickyard but has seven finishes of sixth or better. He feels good about his chances Sunday. "I would say specifically the last 10 to 11 (races) we've been exceptional, really since coming back from the break that we had," Hamlin said. "My team is really strong." And then there is Keselowski, the first Team Penske driver to give the boss a Cup Series win at his favorite race track. Penske has 18 victories in the Indianapolis 500. Keselowski has won two Cup races and scored eight top-10 finishes since racing returned in May and he is jockeying for a contract extension from Penske. "My confidence level right now is very, very high that we can be a contender for the entire season and continue to build and get stronger," he said. "We're starting to show a lot of speed. I don't think we've reached our full potential." (AP) APA APA

NASCAR races on at Indy after Johnson contracts coronavirus

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image">Thomson ReutersJPMorgan Chairman and CEO Jamie Dimon speaks at the Aspen Institute's "Closing the Workforce Skills Gap" seminar</div></div></div>JPMorgan just promoted a new crop of bankers from its corporate and investment bank to managing director. It's a huge achievement to be named managing director, the senior-most title at the firm.While other firms like <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/goldman-managing-director-list-2015-11">Goldman Sachs</a> and <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/morgan-stanley-managing-directors-2016-1">Morgan Stanley</a> release the list publicly, the JPMorgan list is typically top-secret.We got our hands on the list, which went out on Thursday, however.JPMorgan declined to comment. Have a look - and congratulations to all the new MDs.<ul><li>Nick Adragna, Global spread</li><li>Caspar Agnew, International sales and marketing</li><li>Konstantin Akimov, Global investment banking</li><li>Bader Alamoudi, International sales and marketing</li><li>Nancy Albanese, Human resources</li><li>Najeeb Ali, Global investment banking</li><li>Daniele Apa, Global investment banking</li><li>Mark Astbury, Risk</li><li>Sterling Auty, Global research</li><li>Jay Barry, Global research</li><li>Chris Bono, Corporate banking</li><li>Michael Borgh, Global investment banking</li><li>Christian Brune, Corporate banking</li><li>Brian Charters, Americas sales &amp; marketing</li><li>Michelle Chen, Global investment banking</li><li>Yowjie Chien, Global equities</li><li>KC Choi, Legal</li><li>Chris Cockerill, Corporate communications</li><li>Sara Collins, Finance and business management</li><li>Lori Cuneo, Global investment banking</li><li>Akhil Dattani, Global research</li><li>Anissa Dhouibi, Risk</li><li>Emre Eler, Global investment banking</li><li>Donna Fitzmaurice, Treasury services</li><li>Francesco Forte, International sales and marketing</li><li>Bronwyn Fox, Investor services and financing</li><li>Anthony Fraind, Americas sales and marketing</li><li>Melissa Gallagher, Compliance</li><li>Paul Gallant, Chief administrative office</li><li>Kenneth Goldman, Global research</li><li>Sudha Gorla, Americas sales and marketing</li><li>Gianluca Gorlani, International sales and marketing</li><li>Patxi Granero, Global investment banking</li><li>Daniel Gritz, Finance and business management</li><li>Winston Gu, Risk</li><li>Vikas Gupta, Global macro</li><li>Fadi Hanna, Compliance</li><li>Sony Hassan, Global macro</li><li>Taosong He, Risk</li><li>Joe Hussey, Treasury services</li><li>Michele Iozzolino, Global investment banking</li><li>Anchal Jain, Global macro</li><li>Cory Kasimov, Global research</li><li>Cameron Kissel, International sales and marketing</li><li>Niklas Kloepfer, Global investment banking</li><li>Prem Krishnamoorthy, Chief administrative office</li><li>Matthias Kristol, Global investment banking</li><li>Dubravko Lakos, Global research</li><li>Alykhan Lalani, Global investment banking</li><li>Greg Landa, Chief administrative office</li><li>Marvin Larbi-Yeboa, Global investment banking</li><li>Emmanuelle Lemer, Global investment banking</li><li>Meredith Levy, Finance and business management</li><li>Edwin Li, Global equities</li><li>Jacob Lindewald, International sales and marketing</li><li>Hozefa Lokhandwala, Global investment banking</li><li>David Lubeck, Global investment banking</li><li>James MacDonald, Audit</li><li>John MacDonald, Chief administrative office</li><li>Matt Mainelli, Global investment banking</li><li>Niccolo Manno, Global equities</li><li>David Mansfield, Global equities</li><li>John Maraia, Chief administrative office</li><li>Jeff Marks, Global investment banking</li><li>Rob Matles, chief administrativer office</li><li>Lily McInerney, Finance and business management</li><li>Ben Michael, Investor services and financing</li><li>Ben Middleberg, Global investment banking</li><li>Rafael Munoz, Global investment banking</li><li>Dan Murphy, Global equities</li><li>Phil Myers, Chief administrative office</li><li>John Neubauer, Global equities</li><li>Chi Nzelu, Global macro</li><li>Chris Owen, Global spread</li><li>Chris Palmer, Chief administrative office</li><li>Nick Paolucci, International sales and marketing</li><li>Dan Parsell, Chief administrative office</li><li>Jane Pauls, Finance and business management</li><li>Richard Perelman, Global investment banking</li><li>Paulo Peres, Risk </li><li>Sara Perring, International sales and marketing</li><li>Adam Pollitzer, Global investment banking</li><li>Kirsten Rastrick, Americas sales and marketing</li><li>Tracey Robbins, Chief administrative office</li><li>Eric Roemer, Investor services and financing</li><li>Javier Ryzowy, Americas sales and marketing</li><li>Dan Schafer, Global investment banking</li><li>Robbin Schulsohn, Legal</li><li>Seth Schwartz, Corporate banking</li><li>Takasuke (Kevin) Sekine, Corporate banking</li><li>Eric Shan, Finance and business management</li><li>Sunil Sharma, International sales and marketing</li><li>Alistair Sharpe, Chief administrative office</li><li>Dennis Shiu, Chief administrative office</li><li>Dean Shoosmith, Risk</li><li>Kristin Silberberg, Finance and business management</li><li>Saeko Soma, Finance and business management</li><li>Alan Southan, Risk</li><li>Kate Stern-Jones, Chief administrative office</li><li>Craig Sweeney, Audit</li><li>Karine Sweeney, Chief administrative office</li><li>Alexis Sztejnman, International sales and marketing</li><li>Ee-Ching Tay, Global investment banking</li><li>Jacqueline Taylor, International sales and marketing</li><li>Sudheer Tegulapalle, Global investment banking</li><li>Katya Terekhova, Treasury services</li><li>Alexandre Tiers, Global equities</li><li>Richard Vosser, Global research</li><li>Ben Wallace, Global investment banking</li><li>Sophie Warrick, International sales and marketing</li><li>Takeshi Watanabe, Global investment banking</li><li>Mike Weinstein, Americas sales and marketing</li><li>Peter E. Weiss, Global spread</li><li>Duncan Wilson, Investor services and financing</li><li>Kenneth Worthington, Global research</li><li>Alastair Wright, Finance and business management</li><li>Esther Yeh, Global investment banking</li><li>Bin Yu, Global macro</li><li>Peter Yu, Global investment banking</li><li>Haibin Zhu, Global research</li></ul> <div class="margin-top"> <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/goldman-sachs-history-banks-finance-markets-ed-morris-2016-4">THE STORY OF GOLDMAN SACHS: From foot peddlers to a powerhouse</a></h3> <div> <div> <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="NxNWJ1MjE6u0RxXow5D79vSG1wtQyHQT" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div> </div> </div> </div>

JPMorgan just promoted 120 bankers to managing director - we've got the full list

<ul class="summary-list"><li>In this episode of "Movies Insider," we look at how seven <keyword id="6354465" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="actors">actors</keyword> prepared for challenging and physical roles, according to their <a href="https://www.insider.com/parts-of-successful-fitness-regime-according-hollywood-trainer-magnus-lygdback-2021-2">trainers</a>. </li><li>From <a href="https://www.insider.com/michael-b-jordan-movies-ranked-critics-black-panther-creed-2020-12">Michael B. Jordan</a> getting jacked for "Black Panther" to <a href="https://www.insider.com/i-worked-out-like-jennifer-lopez-for-a-week-heres-how">Jennifer Lopez</a> learning to pole dance for "Hustlers," find out how specialized <a href="https://www.insider.com/celebrity-workouts-stunts-training-charlize-theron-michael-b-jordan-2020-7">workout regimens</a> get actors physically ready to play iconic characters in movies and TV.</li></ul>Following is a transcript of the <keyword id="21654" type="COMPANY" weightage="60" keywordseo="video">video</keyword>: Narrator: There are more than 600 muscles in the human body. But if you're <keyword id="6360697" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="training">training</keyword> for a main role on "Riverdale," only a small fraction of those really matter: the chest, shoulders, and abdominal V cut, which stars like KJ Apa sculpt to look great on camera.Every role has its physical demands, whether it's all about aesthetics, acrobatics, size, or strength. Let's take a look at the highly customized training programs of seven actors preparing for intensely physical roles.Michael B. Jordan is pretty much always in great shape, but the body he sculpts in training depends on the character he's getting ready to play.The actor was fresh off his role as Adonis in "Creed" when he started gearing up to play Killmonger in "Black Panther." Both are very physical roles, but they're also very different. One is a boxing hero, the other a supervillain. Plus, Killmonger was Michael's first time playing a bad guy, so he had to do everything he could to get in the character's head -- and body.Michael's longtime trainer, Corey Calliet, said all these factors helped shape his client's regimen. For Michael to play Adonis, Corey said the goal was to get "lean, lean, lean." The program involved a lot of running and, surprise, boxing.But while the actor's "Creed" training was all about getting cut, his "Black Panther" training was all about getting big. Michael and Corey wanted to build a body that would surprise people. So, using the foundation he'd built for "Creed," Michael ditched his high-cardio routine for intense weight training built around curls, squats, and bench presses.Corey is also Michael's nutritionist. And for "Black Panther," he had his client eating five to six meals a day on a carb-heavy diet that included lots of potatoes, eggs, bacon, and chicken. This helped Michael fill out his upper body and ultimately add 15 pounds of muscle to his frame.But right after "Black Panther," he headed back into the ring for "Creed II," which meant he and Corey had to bring back Adonis all over again.Each Avenger has their own set of skills. Natasha Romanoff's are her martial arts. When <keyword id="6376613" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="Scarlett-Johansson">Scarlett Johansson</keyword> landed the role in 2009, she enlisted <keyword id="2648372" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="celebrity-trainer">celebrity trainer</keyword> Eric Johnson to turn her into the deadly assassin we see in the "Avengers" movies. The first part of Scarlett's training was all about mobility.Many of Black Widow's signature moves are spider-inspired, like this leg-twist attack, where she wraps her leg around the neck of her opponent. That's a pretty high kick, Eric says, and it requires a lot of hip mobility and hip-flexor strength. He had Scarlett do 90-90 hip swivels so she could perform the move explosively.The second stage of her training was aimed at building power. Eric had Scarlett doing a 245-pound deadlift and single-leg pistol squats in this phase of the training. That power translates on-screen in Black Widow's kicks and punches, like here in this scene from "Captain America: Civil War." A lot of people think punches only come from the arms or the upper body. But Eric says that if you want to produce power, "it has to come from the ground all the way up to that fist."The third and final phase was geared toward getting Scarlett at peak conditioning level. This phase refined some aesthetic aspects of Scarlett's performance. For one, Eric had Scarlett practice her recovery after an intense set, gaining control of her breathing and getting her heart rate down as fast as possible, so that she could better control her face on camera. After all, she couldn't afford to have a pain face on when playing Black Widow. She needed to look as poised and controlled as a superhero would.If Black Widow's strength lies in her punches and kicks, Spider-Man's lies in his agility and acrobatics. Luckily, Tom Holland has a background as a dancer and gymnast.Tom said he had to audition eight times to play Spider-Man and his athleticism ultimately helped land him the role. Even with a solid foundation, though, Tom had to train hard in preparation for his first solo Marvel film, "Spider-Man: Homecoming." After all, his acrobatics had to look superhuman, which meant convincingly climbing walls, doing wild flips, and slinging webs through the city. Here, Tom's following his stunt double, Holland Diaz, in doing a side somersault off a mini trampoline followed by a big kick out and a perfect left-foot landing.When he wasn't in the gymnasium, Tom kept his training up with an AirTrack mat, a giant inflatable and portable piece of equipment that's kind of like a spring floor, bouncy castle, and tumbling and landing mat all wrapped up into one. He used this to practice his twists, flips, and side somersaults.Tom was determined to do most of his own stunts, but he had to do CrossFit-style circuit workouts to make sure he could work day in and day out on set. To sharpen his Spidey reflexes, Tom went through extensive martial arts and combat training. Here he is again with his stunt double working on his hand-eye coordination.And then there was the question of aesthetics -- filling out the Spidey suit and looking good out of the suit too. One of Tom's trainers, George Ashwell, said the shirtless scene in the script motivated Tom to add 14 pounds of muscle to his frame. The actor did sets of chin-ups to build up his chest. Tom shared this photo with Marvel trainer Duffy Gaver on their last workout day, showing off his body in peak Spidey shape."Riverdale" has been known for its shirtless scenes from the beginning, but season three brought a new challenge for star KJ Apa, whose character, Archie, goes from high-school football jock to prison boxer. Given the number of bare-chested fight scenes he'd have to appear in, KJ decided to step up his fitness routine under the guidance of Alex Fine, the "Riverdale" cast's secret weapon.After getting his start doing strength conditioning for NFL stars like Odell Beckham Jr., Reggie Bush, and Marshawn Lynch, Alex went on to train KJ, Charles Melton, Cole Sprouse, Camila Mendes, Casey Cott, Hart Denton, and Mark Consuelos. Actors are different from athletes, he says.For guys like KJ or Charles, who plays Reggie on the show, Alex will pay special attention to the top of the chest and shoulders, since those areas are the most noticeable on camera.For season three, Alex incorporated high-intensity cardio into KJ's weight training to help him get a lean waist. He had KJ doing two 90-minute workouts a day. Often they'd tackle cardio in the morning and then do weights in the afternoon. Beyond basic weightlifting, Alex has clients like KJ do a lot of body-weight exercises, including sit-ups, planks, push-ups, pull-ups, and chin holds.This regimen has the advantage of using minimal gym equipment -- "basically a prison-cell workout," Alex says. Creating a bigger chest and leaner waist gets clients like KJ closer to one of the aesthetic goals for "Riverdale" stars: sculpting that V cut, also known as the "sex lines." That's the deep V-shaped cut where the lower abs and obliques meet. This is one role where vanity muscles maybe are the most important thing.Bob Odenkirk was a comedy writer for 25 years before starring as TV's favorite lawyer, a decidedly nonaction role. But at age 58, he starred in his first-ever action movie, "Nobody." Bob got a head start on bringing out the fighter within. He started training for "Nobody" before the film was even green-lit. It's standard for an actor to train for four to six weeks for a role; Bob trained for two years.As a guy in his 50s, Bob wanted to avoid getting sidelined by an injury. For that reason, his trainer, stunt actor Daniel Bernhardt, said that intense weight training, like lifting a heavy bench press, "was not on the table." Instead, Bob's training "was all about movement." Daniel gave him a crash course in screen fighting based on the concept of hip rotation.According to Daniel, fighting is all about "how you turn your hips when you throw a punch, when you take a reaction."For Bob, learning to activate his hips helped blast his core and provide him with the explosive punch power he needed for the bus fight in "Nobody." Director Ilya Naishuller wanted Bob to fight like a wolverine in that scene. The goal was for him to pull off 99% of his own stunts, so they wouldn't have to use fast-paced editing to hide Bob's mistakes or stunt replacements. That allowed Ilya to get longer takes that made the fight feel more visceral and realistic.In the end, it was OK for Bob's fighting skills to be rough around the edges. That's because the bus fight is the first time we see Hutch transform back into his fighter self, so his character is actually supposed to look a little rusty.[cheering]- Two years in the making, and that's only the fights.Narrator: Bob Odenkirk went from average to action hero, but what about becoming a superhero? That's what Brie Larson had to do when she signed on to play one of the most powerful Avengers.For her standalone movie, "Captain Marvel," Brie's character had to look believable engaging her enemies in hand-to-hand combat atop a moving train. The only problem? Brie started her career in indie roles and said she was "never particularly active" before taking on the role of Carol Danvers.At the beginning of training, she couldn't even do a proper push-up or pull-up. For her initial fitness inspiration, she looked to Emily Blunt, who got jacked for "Edge of Tomorrow" so that she could safely wear a 70-pound exoskeleton. Brie sought out Emily's trainer, Jason Walsh, and with him planned out a nine-month training schedule, much of which would take place as Brie was shooting "Avengers: Endgame."Brie's body kept getting more taught as training went on, forcing the costume team for "Captain Marvel" to adjust her suit more than once. The staples of her program included hip thrusts, split squats, and the dreaded push-ups and pull-ups.Jason rarely has his clients use machines, but he and Brie did get creative with other equipment, like these weighted chains, which they wrapped around Brie's torso to make her push-up sets even more challenging. Or Jason's own car. He said Brie got it in her head early on that she'd get strong enough to push Jason's Jeep with her bare hands. And by the end of training, she did, for a full 60 seconds. So, basically, real-life superhero stunts.The physicality Brie achieved through her transformation helped her performance, but so did the mentality. One of Jason's goals was to get Brie as close as humanly possible to the psychology of a superhero, who's pretty much invincible. In the end, he said, "having that physical strength helped her become the character."It wasn't painless. Jason said there were points where he made Brie cry in the gym.When Jennifer Lopez and Constance Wu played strippers in "Hustlers," they couldn't fall back on body doubles for the pole-dancing scenes -- the film didn't use any, which meant both actors had to get pole ready. It was OK for Constance Wu to look a little less experienced on the pole. After all, her character, Destiny, is supposed to be a newbie. <keyword id="5493542" type="ENTERTAINMENT" weightage="60" keywordseo="J-Lo">J. Lo</keyword> on the other hand, plays Ramona, a veteran stripper at the club who takes Destiny under her wing.To fit this dynamic, there had to be a clear contrast between Destiny's beginner skills and Ramona's mastery of the pole. In other words, J. Lo had to nail it. She had danced before, of course, on tour and in movies like "Shall We Dance," but pole dancing is a whole different ball game. It requires certain muscle groups to be super strong and no small amount of acrobatics.That's where pole choreographer Johanna Sapakie came in. A former aerial acrobat in Cirque du Solei, Johanna designed all the pole-dancing scenes in "Hustlers," including Ramona's main routine, which clocked in at four minutes long. J. Lo would have to do multiple takes of that dance at different angles, getting it right every time.To meet the challenge, the actor moved a portable pole into each of her houses in New York City, LA, and Miami so that she could practice all the time. Johanna started her training with climbing and basic spins, laying down the main principles of pole dancing.After that, it took a while for J. Lo to develop a fast, smooth rotation on the pole. Spinning can be disorienting at first, even if you're an experienced dancer like J. Lo. As Johanna explained, "When you're a dancer, you spin on top of yourself. As a pole dancer, you're like a carousel going around a fixed point." The last thing to master was the inverted splits. This was supposed to be the "one big 'wow' moment" in Ramona's routine, where she flips upside down on the pole and supports her whole body with just her arms and shoulders.Inverting and then keeping that position on the pole takes a lot of core strength, a lot of upper-body strength, and an excellent grip. At first, Johanna would spot J. Lo as she practiced pulling herself up.After two months of training, though, J. Lo was comfortably doing upside-down splits on her own. The actor said that learning the pole dance was "one of the hardest things I've ever had to do for a role."

How 7 different actors' workout routines got them ready for intense movie and TV roles

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ivy_Mike_%28Eniwetok-Atoll_-_31._Oktober_1952%29.jpg">Wikimedia Commons</a></div></div></div>Nasdaq just went nuclear.<a href="http://edgar.sec.gov/comments/s7-03-16/s70316-27.pdf">In a letter to the US Securities and Exchange Commission</a>, Nasdaq's law firm, Gibson Dunn, said the Securities and Exchange Commission could be sued if it approves IEX's application to become an exchange. IEX, the upstart trading venue made famous by Michael Lewis' book "Flash Boys," <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/iex-files-with-sec-to-become-an-exchange-2015-9">filed with the SEC in September to become a stock exchange</a>, kicking off a heated debate of the merits of its application.The debate has at <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/nyse-versus-iex-on-exchange-status-2016-2">times gotten ugly</a>, with IEX and the New York Stock Exchange in particular trading barbs.For its part, the SEC has delayed its decision on the application until mid-June. At issue is the IEX speed bump, which IEX says levels the playing field between high-speed traders and the rest of the field. IEX's rivals have questioned whether the speed-bump is consistent with Regulation NMS, the rule which governs stock exchanges. That rule requires that a public exchanges response to an incoming order be "immediate." The SEC has hinted that the 350-microsecond delay built in to the IEX system could be permissible, as it is under one millisecond. Nasdaq disagrees. Here is the Gibson Dunn letter:This supplemental letter explains our view that the Commission's proposed Interpretation of the term "immediate" as permitting an intentional delay of less than one millisecond would conflict with the plain language of Regulation NMS, with the requirements of reasoned decision-making under the Administrative Procedure Act ("APA"), and with the Commission's statutory duty to consider the effect of its actions on efficiency, competition, and capital formation.Here are the references to judicial scrutiny:To be sure, courts often afford deference to an agency's interpretation of its own regulations, including to reinterpretations of existing provisions. But that deference is hardly boundless and would not shield the proposed Interpretation from judicial scrutiny. Deference to an agency's interpretation of a regulation is not warranted unless "the language of the regulation is ambiguous."And:In addition, the proposed Interpretation would be unlikely to survive judicial scrutiny because this de facto rewriting of Rule 600(b)(3) would impermissibly circumvent the Commission's statutory obligation to consider whether changes to Regulation NMS are justified on the basis of cost-benefit considerations.And here is the closing paragraph:For all of these reasons, Nasdaq urges the Commission not to depart from its existing interpretation of Regulation NMS by authorizing artificially delayed response times for protected quotations, and further submits that the Commission lacks the authority to approve IEX's application and to treat its intentionally delayed quotations as protected. This isn't the first time that Nasdaq has spoken out about IEX. <div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_left"><div><div class="image on-image">IEXThe IEX team.</div></div></div>Business Insider sat down with Nasdaq CEO Bob Greifeld in April, and asked him then about IEX. He said then that IEX was trying to "violate the core principle of Reg NMS. He said: So, in the latest SEC guidance they're requesting comment on, we're actually more happy because it says, okay we're going to make a millisecond de minimis, but make that a policy statement. So this is not the IEX application, but we're saying if you're a millisecond or less, because now they call it millisecond de minimis, then you're still reg NMS compliant. So okay, at least now we're in a field where it's not just about trying to give advantage to one exchange. And if they do that, we're fine, but it's going to be horrible.And as I said, it introduces another dimension to orders-- that's time. So right now, if you want to buy Apple, you say I want to buy 1,000 shares of Apple, $190 or whatever it's trading at, and I say I want to buy 1,000 shares of Apple at this price, and I want you to wait a millisecond -- I'll have that order. Then I'll have another order -- not milli, micro, two microseconds... I can go every microsecond up to a millisecond. So, probably what will start is IEX is a 300 millisecond, somebody thinks it's going to be better to go 301, somebody thinks it's better to go 299, then it'll go 298, 302, and you know, it's going to be pretty interesting. So we'll see.That said, the letter marks an escalation in the entire IEX exchange application saga. <div class="margin-top"> <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/inventors-who-were-killed-by-their-inventions-2016-5">7 inventors who were killed by their own inventions</a></h3> <div> <div> <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="VsMGYwMDE6fvg6irQt8i2KueCbxtIwrO" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div> </div> </div> </div>

Nasdaq just went nuclear on the SEC

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Austrian officials described a gunman who opened fire in central <keyword id="13026" type="CITY" weightage="60" keywordseo="Vienna">Vienna</keyword> on Monday night before being shot dead by the police as a terrorist who previously tried to join the Islamic State in Syria.</li><li>Four people were killed and at least 17 were injured in the attack. Multiple shots were fired across several locations starting at about 8 p.m., <a href="https://www.derstandard.at/jetzt/livebericht/2000121390199/drei-tote-bei-islamistischem-terroranschlag-in-wien-ein-taeter-erschossen?responsive=false">Der Standard reported</a>.</li><li>The gunman killed by the police was later identified as a 20-year-old Austrian and North Macedonian dual citizen who was convicted of trying to visit Syria to join the Islamic State, the terrorist group also known as ISIS.</li><li>As of Tuesday morning, the Austrian police were still looking for at least one suspect, <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-54788613">the BBC</a> and <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/02/world/europe/vienna-shooting.html">The New York Times</a> reported. It is not clear whether the gunman acted alone.</li><li>ISIS has claimed responsibility for the attack, a local reporter tweeted on Tuesday.</li></ul>Austrian authorities have described a gunman who carried out the <a href="https://www.insider.com/vienna-terror-attack-injuries-deaths-details-2020-11">attack that killed four people</a> in Vienna on Monday as a terrorist who was once caught trying to join ISIS.Multiple shots were fired across six locations in the city center starting at about 8 p.m. local time, the Vienna police <a href="https://twitter.com/LPDWien/status/1323376887687688197">tweeted Monday night</a>.Four people were killed and 17 others were injured, the country's <a href="https://www.derstandard.at/jetzt/livebericht/2000121390199/drei-tote-bei-islamistischem-terroranschlag-in-wien-ein-taeter-erschossen?responsive=false">Der Standard newspaper reported</a>, adding that a police officer was among those injured.<keyword id="21177" type="COUNTRY" weightage="60" keywordseo="Austria">Austria</keyword>'s interior minister, Karl Nehammer, said at a press conference early Tuesday morning that one gunman was also shot dead by the police.As of Tuesday morning, the Austrian police were still looking for at least one suspect, <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-54788613">the BBC</a> and <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/02/world/europe/vienna-shooting.html">The New York Times</a> reported. It was still unclear whether the gunman acted alone, The Times said.French journalist Wassim Nasr tweeted Tuesday afternoon that ISIS had claimed responsibility for the attack. He also shared a photograph of the man they say carried out the <keyword id="150" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="Shooting">shooting</keyword>, named Abu Doujana al-Albani.<h2>The assailant is said to have tried to go to Syria to join ISIS</h2>Nehammer said the deceased gunman was sympathetic to the Islamic State and had been "radicalized" by the group, also known as ISIS."We experienced an attack yesterday evening from at least one Islamist terrorist," he said."He was equipped with a dummy explosive belt and an automatic long gun, a handgun, and a machete to carry out this hideous attack on innocent citizens," Nehammer added.Nehammer said the gunman who was shot dead was an Austrian and North Macedonian dual citizen and had a criminal record.Nehammer told the country's APA <keyword id="6355005" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="news">news</keyword> agency that the man had a conviction under a law that punishes the membership of a terrorist organization, <a href="https://apnews.com/article/virus-outbreak-islamic-state-group-austria-shootings-vienna-53282a7da4f3a1903358b4b16d8a17a6">the Associated Press reported</a>.Austria's <a href="https://www.kleinezeitung.at/oesterreich/5891680/ISSympathisant_WienAttentaeter-Fejzulai-Kujtim_20-Jahre-und">Kleine Zeitung</a>, citing Nehammer, and the AP have named the dead assailant as Kujtim Fejzulai, 20.Both outlets reported that he was sentenced to 22 months in prison in April 2019 for trying to travel to Syria to join ISIS but was granted a conditional early release in December 2019 under juvenile law.In a Tuesday-morning tweet, Austrian Chancellor Sebastian Kurz <a href="https://twitter.com/sebastiankurz/status/1323563403508649985">said</a>: "It was an Islamist terrorist attack. It was a hate attack. Out of hatred for our core values."<div type="image" title="Austria's Interior Minister Karl Nehammer addresses a press conference on November 3, 2020 in Vienna on the morning after a shootout in the city center. - A huge manhunt was under way November 3, 2020 after gunmen opened fire at multiple locations across central Vienna, killing at least three people and wounding several more in what the Austrian Chancellor described as a &quot;repulsive terror attack&quot;. One of the suspected killers, identified as an Islamic State group sympathiser, was shot dead by police who said they were searching for at least one more assailant still at large. (Photo by ALEX HALADA / AFP) (Photo by ALEX HALADA/AFP via Getty Images)" height="2517" width="5034" msid="79020330" hostid="261"></div>As of Tuesday morning, the Austrian police had searched 15 houses and arrested several people, Der Standard said.Seven of those injured in the attack were in critical condition, said Dr. Michael Binder, the medical director of the Vienna Health Association, according to Der Standard.The shooting began outside the Seitenstettengasse synagogue in central Vienna, but people in nearby bars and restaurants appeared to be the primary target, Rabbi Schlomo Hofmeister said, according <a href="https://news.sky.com/story/vienna-terror-suspect-wore-a-bomb-belt-and-was-is-sympathiser-minister-says-12122320">to Sky News</a>.Monday was the last day Austrians could visit bars and restaurants before the country's new coronavirus lockdown went into place.The killings appear to be the latest in a new flurry of terrorist attacks to hit Western Europe this autumn.<div type="image" title="Nice attack" height="1000" width="2000" msid="79020333" hostid="261"></div>On October 16, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/teacher-beheaded-in-paris-after-showing-cartoons-of-prophet-muhammad-2020-10">a teacher was beheaded in Paris</a> in apparent retaliation for showing his class cartoons that depicted the Prophet Muhammad.On October 29, three people were <a href="https://www.insider.com/nice-attack-victims-church-warden-woman-prayer-mother-cathedral-2020-10">stabbed to death in an attack at a church in Nice</a>, France.And on Saturday, <a href="https://www.insider.com/lyon-france-gunman-priest-church-reports-2020-10">a Greek Orthodox priest was shot</a> in the French city of Lyon.After the Paris beheading, French President Emmanuel Macron announced a new law that would give the French government unprecedented power to scrutinize mosques and Islamic associations.<div type="image" title="ISTANBUL, TURKEY - OCTOBER 27: (RUSSIA OUT) Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan (L) and French President Emmanuel Macron (R) attend their joint press conference at the Summit on October 27, 2018 in Istanbul, Turkey. Leaders of Germany, France, Russia and Turkey have gathered in Istanbul for a one-day summit on Syrian crisis. (Photo by Mikhail Svetlov/Getty Images)" height="1997" width="3995" msid="79020335" hostid="261"></div>Macron has called Islam "a religion in crisis all over the world," <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/france-turkey-arab-states-anger-macron-regulate-islam-2020-10">prompting the anger</a> of majority-Muslim countries.Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan said Macron needed "mental" treatment and accused Europe of "rising Islamophobia." In response, France recalled its ambassador to Turkey.Macron <a href="https://twitter.com/EmmanuelMacron/status/1323538933125390336">tweeted his sympathies</a> to the Austrian people on Tuesday morning."Europe is in mourning," he said. "One of our own has been hit hard by Islamist terrorism. We think of the victims, their families, the shattered lives. France stands alongside Austria, ready to lend its support."<ul class="read-more-links"><li>Read more:</li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/macron-understand-muslim-hate-prophet-cartoons-but-france-freedom-speech-2020-11">Macron said he understands Muslims' fury over cartoons mocking the Prophet Muhammad but defended France's 'freedom to speak, to write, to think, to draw'</a></li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/charlie-hebdo-cartoon-turkey-erdogan-macron-feud-2020-10">Charlie Hebdo, whose cartoons sparked terror attacks in France, published a cutting caricature of Turkish President Erdogan amid his feud with Macron</a></li></ul>

A gunman in the deadly Vienna terror attack was previously convicted of trying to join ISIS, Austria says

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image">Michael Buckner/Getty</div></div></div>Leah Remini revealed some startling aspects of Scientology during a <a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/IAmA/comments/5fjszg/i_am_leah_remini_ask_me_anything_about_Scientology/" target="_blank">Reddit AMA</a> promoting the premiere of her new A&amp;E series, "Leah Remini: Scientology and the Aftermath," on Tuesday.The AMA covered the actress' 30 years of experiences as a member of the Church of Scientology and her ongoing mission since leaving the church behind to expose the organization for its alleged mistreatment, abuses, and suppression of its members and those who have left the church."Greater awareness. Exposing the truths. Not letting [Scientology] continue to ... bully people into silence and submission," Remini said during the Reddit AMA of her reasons for speaking out against the organization.Remini also recognized the courage of networks moving forward with projects such as the A&amp;E series and last year's revelatory documentary by Alex Gibney for HBO, <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/going-clear-director-on-sequel-2016-1" target="_blank">"Going Clear."</a>"I think they did an amazing job and they cleared the path for people like me to speak about it," she said of "Going Clear." "HBO was very brave in taking it on. As is A&amp;E, as it will be the first network to do a full series about it."In fact, Remini recently demanded that <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/leah-remini-demands-15m-from-Scientology-in-war-over-ae-series-2016-11" target="_blank">Scientology pay her $1.5 million</a> in damages for allegedly trying to ruin her reputation in Hollywood and for allegedly trying to get the A&amp;E series pulled from airing.During the Reddit AMA, Remini dropped some bombs about the organization - from her claims about Tom Cruise's role in the church to the disappointing secret awaiting members who reach a top level of its program, according to her.Here are nine of the most shocking alleged secrets Remini revealed about Scientology in the AMA:<h2>1. The church considers Tom Cruise its "messiah."</h2>Remini: "Parishioners believe that [Cruise] is single-handedly changing the planet because that is what the "Church" is telling them."<h2>2. Celebrities receive great levels of preferential treatment, sometimes at the expense of other church members.</h2>Remini: "We had special course rooms in separate parts of the buildings. Any complaint we had about the outside world was met with agreement from the 'Church.' We were serviced differently, we had supervisors doing courses in our homes, giving special schedules to celebrities. Staff was interrogated by the Church. Often times there were Sea Org members working for celebrities in their homes, personally working for them. I know of one celeb who had a sea org member working in their home and sea org members were averaging $25/week. The labor laws don't apply to any church therefor they were made to work ungodly hours, forced into interrogations if making human mistakes around the celebrity."<h2>3. The end of "The Bridge," <a href="https://www.scientology.org/faq/background-and-basic-principles/what-is-the-bridge-in-scientology.html" target="_blank">Scientology's metaphor</a> for crossing from being a normal person to "the higher plateau of existence," is disappointing.</h2>Remini: "When you reach the top of The Bridge (OTP 8) you will be told that God is lie for LRH, and there are more levels ahead, that will cost you hundreds of thousands of dollars. There is no end to Scientology."<h2>4. Remini said she paid the Church of Scientology "millions" of dollars while a member.</h2><h2>5. How Scientology handles "brainwashing" of members so they avoid outside reporting about the organization.</h2>Remini: "Because very early on in the brainwashing process, L. Ron Hubbard's 'technology' teaches you that outside sources (i.e. The news, the Internet, books, magazines) are ALL LIES and hellbent on destroying something decent like Scientology. The AMA, and APA, and all 'governments' do not give Scientology its due because they have a vested interest in not healing people and not helping people. And Scientology is in the business of making people better. So Scientologists are taught that their safest bet is to get their info from the only true decent people...and those are Scientologists. And if they look on the internet, if they read time mag, they will be met with punishment at their expense. And, as a Scientologist...you have to confess that you've read outside materials, and that will be met with punishment at your expense."<h2>6. Scientologists don't believe in mental illnesses.</h2>Remini: "The 'Church' doctrine thinks that fields of psychology and psychiatry are a sham. They deny mental illness and afflictions. They promote that you can heal your psychosomatic issues with their 'technology.' They will get in the way of people taking medications. They will prevent people from getting the real medical help that they need. and in some cases have caused suicides because of it. Scientology is mentally abusive because we are all taught that we are responsible for everything."<h2>7. Every meeting is recorded and videotaped to use against members if they decide to speak out.</h2>Remini: "Every 'therapy room' is equipped with cameras and listening devices, as admitted by the 'Church.' Do they use it for blackmail? No, they use it to discredit you when you speak out."<h2>8. Children don't get any breaks for being young.</h2>Remini: "[Children are seen] as old spirits in little bodies who have returned to Scientology... children are treated as adults.<h2>9. Scientologists are banned from seeking legal justice against another member, even in cases of abuse.</h2>Remini: "When I was 16 and working for a 'senior Scientologist' who was in his late 30's, he had sex with a 16 year old friend of ours. And the 'Church' handled it internally. All abuses are dealt within the 'Church' as it is an enemy act in the 'Church' to prosecute another member."<a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/IAmA/comments/5fjszg/i_am_leah_remini_ask_me_anything_about_scientology/" target="_blank">Read Remini's full Reddit AMA here.</a>"Leah Remini: Scientology and the Aftermath" premieres Tuesday at 10 p.m. on A&amp;E. <div class="margin-top"> <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/7-famous-scientologists-tom-cruise-john-travolta-scientology-2015-4">7 famous people reveal why they are Scientologists</a></h3> <div> <div> <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="0wdDFndDp9OPqfML8f8d27IgRKre_dAb" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div> </div> </div> </div>

Ex-Scientologist Leah Remini reveals the most shocking alleged secrets of the church

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image">Airline Professionals Association</div></div></div><ul class="summary-list"><li>Pilots for three airlines that operate much of <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/category/amazon-air" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon's Air</a> delivery service are set to picket <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/category/amazonhttps://www.businessinsider.com/category/amazon" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amazon's</a> annual meeting on Wednesday. </li><li>The group says the companies have purposefully stalled negotiating a new contract for more than three years. </li><li>Pilots who spoke to Business Insider said their worried another accident - like that involving an Atlas Air jet in February - could happen again soon as crews are stretched thin. </li><li>In a statement to Business Insider, Atlas Air accused the pilots of spreading misinformation. </li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/?hprecirc-bullet">Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories.</a></li></ul>As <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/category/amazon">Amazon</a> investors convene for the e-commerce giant's annual stockholder meeting, pilots responsible for many of the company's overnight package deliveries are sounding the alarm about potential safety issues.The pilots, represented by the Airline Professionals Association, say the cargo airlines <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/category/atlas-air">Atlas Air</a>, Southern Air, and Air Transport Service Group - the three of which provide many of Amazon Air's daily operations - say the companies have dragged their feet on negotiating a new contract. As a result, the pilots say, staffing is being stretched thin and talented recruits are opting to fly for competitors instead."Now, after several years of losing pilots to airlines like FedEx, UPS, and Delta, we find ourselves basically with a staffing crisis," Michael Russo, a 15-year veteran of Atlas Air, told Business Insider in an interview."The operation is being stretched thin due to this mind-boggling expansion that I don't think we can keep up with, but the company executives seem to just mislead Amazon by saying 'yeah, we can keep all of these airplanes flying. I don't know how we're going to do it."Read more: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/amazon-air-pilots-labor-issues-2019-2">An Amazon Air plane crashed in February, killing all 3 people on board. Weeks earlier, several pilots said they thought an accident was inevitable.</a>The pilots' union and the company have been at odds since early 2016 when the two groups first began to negotiate a new contract. Now more than three years later, there's still no contract on the table. Because of federal labor laws, pilots can't go on strike without presenting their case before a judge or being released by a national mediation board.According to Robert Kirchner, executive council chairman for Atlas Air's APA members, pay at the airline lags way behind competitors, which is making hiring hard."From July 2018 through March of 2019, they hired over 300 pilots but only grew by four," he said of Atlas's recruiting struggles. "We pay 60% less than FedEx, UPS or any of the US major airlines, our working conditions are much worse, and there's no retirement here. The most common call I get from pilots is 'Gee, I really like the flying here, but I don't like the company management and I can't afford to stay because the benefits for me and my family at other airlines are too much better."None of their <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/amazon-prime-air-pilots-protest-poor-pay-in-push-for-better-contract-2019-4">complaints are new.</a>In February, an <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/amazon-air-pilots-labor-issues-2019-2">Amazon Air plane operated by Atlas Air cashes in Houston</a>, killing all three people on board. In the days and weeks before the crash, several pilots told Business Insider's Rachel Premack they that felt the accident was inevitable."I don't know what the cause of that is, or what it will turn out to be," Captain Kirchner said of the crash, "but we're really worried about the safety here because of the day-to-day operational problems we see, which can't be good for safety."An Amazon spokesperson told Business Insider that if Atlas cannot find common ground with the pilots' union, it could shift its plan for aircraft allocations going forward. Here's the company's statement:And while the company's name is only attached through a business partnership, Kirchner said the <keyword id="6354851" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="retail">retail</keyword> giant likely has more pull into the cargo carriers operations than it's letting on."What Amazon is going to say is 'that's our contractor and we don't have anything to do with their operation,'" he said. "That's not true. They have a complete shadow flight operations system set up in the headquarters. They're exercising control and making an operational decision throughout the Atlas network."A spokesperson for Atlas, in response to a request for comment from Business Insider, accused the pilots of spreading misinformation:That doesn't sit well with Captain Russo, who's looking forward to picketing once again on Wednesday as he did in April when pilots held a similar demonstration."We just have to keep shining light on the way that they're doing business and really trying to subvert as I said our legal right to negotiate and a new contract," he said.<a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/intelligence/5-biggest-questions-around-amazons-new-grocery-chain?IR=T&amp;itm_source=businessinsider&amp;itm_medium=ctgr_bii&amp;itm_term=ctgr_leadgen&amp;itm_content=ecommerce&amp;itm_campaign=5-biggest-questions-around-amazons-new-grocery-chain"></a> <div class="margin-top"> <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/uber-self-driving-taxis-test-drive-2016-9">We rode in a self-driving Uber - here's what it was like</a></h3> <div> </div> </div>

Amazon Air pilots are picketing the company's annual shareholder meeting as they fight for better pay

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image"></div></div></div><ul class="summary-list"><li>At least 30 people are dead in the US after mass shootings in <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/police-responding-active-shooter-incident-dayton-ohio-2019-8">Dayton, Ohio</a> and <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/el-paso-wal-mart-mall-shooting-cielo-vista-2019-7">El Paso, Texas</a> over the weekend.</li><li>On Saturday, 22 people were shot and killed at a Walmart in El Paso. The US Justice Department is treating that shooting as <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/el-paso-shooting-being-treated-as-domestic-terror-and-hate-crime-2019-8">domestic terrorism and a federal hate crime</a> that may have targeted immigrants.</li><li>Nine more people were <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/police-responding-active-shooter-incident-dayton-ohio-2019-8">shot dead early Sunday</a> in Dayton. </li><li>President Donald Trump said on Monday that "mental illness and hatred pulls the trigger, not the gun," and called for more "strong background checks." </li><li>Mental-health experts have shown time and again that mental-health issues are not predictive of violence. There's a much clearer link between domestic abuse and gun violence.</li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/?hprecirc-bullet">Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories.</a></li></ul>A weekend of deadly gun violence in the US has left 31 people dead.In El Paso, Texas on Saturday, 22 people were shot and killed in a murder spree that the Justice Department is investigating as domestic <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/el-paso-shooting-being-treated-as-domestic-terror-and-hate-crime-2019-8">terrorism and a federal hate crime</a> that may have targeted immigrants. Hours later, a gunman shot nine people dead outside a bar in Dayton, Ohio, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/police-responding-active-shooter-incident-dayton-ohio-2019-8">including his own sister</a>.President Donald Trump spoke about the two shootings on Monday <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-says-mass-shooting-in-dayton-ohio-was-in-toledo-2019-8">from the White House</a>, calling for "strong background checks." He put most of the blame for the recent mass shootings on the mental state of the perpetrators, characterizing them as "mentally ill monsters." "We must recognize the internet has provided a dangerous avenue to radicalize disturbed minds," Trump said, adding, "mental illness and hatred pulls the trigger, not the gun."However, research suggests that second point is bogus. Mental-health issues are not predictive of violent outbursts: Although as many as <a href="https://www.nami.org/NAMI/media/NAMI-Media/Infographics/GeneralMHFacts.pdf">one in five people in the US</a> experience a mental illness every year, people with serious mental-health problems account for <a href="https://psychiatryonline.org/doi/pdf/10.5555/appi.books.9781615371099">just 3% of all violent crime</a>.<h2>There's no connection between mental illness and violence</h2>Psychiatrists and psychologists have been looking at the data on this for a long time, and there's just no evidence of a connection between mental illness and violence. Instead, researchers have discovered that people with major mental illnesses are 2.5 times more likely to be the victims of violent outbursts than the general public.According to the <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4318286/">National Center for Health Statistics</a>, fewer than 5% of the 120,000 gun-related killings in the US between 2001 and 2010 were perpetrated by people diagnosed with mental illness. Only <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26073414">1%</a> of discharged psychiatric patients commit violence against strangers using a gun. In 2015, psychiatrist Michael Stone catalogued a comprehensive database of <a href="https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/vio.2015.0006">more than 235 mass murders in the US (most of them shootings),</a> and found that perpetrators are very likely to be men (by a ratio of 24 to one), and that often they are seeking "acts of revenge or retribution for perceived slights and wrongs." Stone noted that many mass shooters tend to have "paranoid personality configurations," which can be associated with feelings of unfairness and disgruntlement, but <a href="https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/personality-disorders/what-are-personality-disorders">so do roughly one in ten Americans</a>. Stone said many people assume that because someone has committed a deadly act, that must mean they're crazy. But that's not true.<h2>More access to guns is linked to higher rates of gun deaths </h2><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image"></div></div></div><a href="https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2019/08/statement-shootings">In a statement</a> on Sunday, American Psychological Association (APA) <a href="https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2019/08/statement-shootings">president Rosie Phillips Davis said</a> that while racism may be partially to blame for the shooting deaths in El Paso (<a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/8chan-founder-frederick-brennan-shut-down-el-paso-shooting-2019-8">authorities are investigating</a> whether a racist, anti-immigrant manifesto that circulated online in the hours before the attack may have been authored by the shooter), mental-health issues are being wrongly villainized <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-guns-mental-health-shootings-2018-2">once again</a>."Routinely blaming mass shootings on mental illness is unfounded and stigmatizing," Davis said. "The rates of mental illness are roughly the same around the world, yet other countries are not experiencing these traumatic events as often as we face them."A <a href="https://www.utmb.edu/newsroom/article11989.aspx">study published</a> in the journal Preventive Medicine earlier this year examined the relationship between mental health and gun violence among 663 young adults in Texas. "The link between mental illness and gun violence is not there," <a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-02/uotm-min020619.php">lead study author Yu Lu said</a> in a release. A different factor was found to be linked with gun violence, however: access to guns. The researchers found that people who had access to a gun were at least 18 times more likely than others to have threatened someone with a gun, regardless of their mental-health status.Other studies have shown that in places where <a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-10/jcu-tlp101818.php">gun laws have been strengthened around the world</a> (Australia, South Africa, and Brazil), gun deaths have fallen. "The combination of easy access to assault weapons and hateful rhetoric is toxic," Davis said. "It is clearer than ever that we are facing a public-health crisis of gun violence fueled by racism, bigotry, and hatred." <h2>Young men are responsible for many of the mass shootings in the US</h2>There is another troubling and <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/deadliest-mass-shootings-almost-all-have-domestic-violence-connection-2017-11">well established pattern</a> among mass shootings: They're typically perpetrated by angry young men.Forensic psychiatrist Liza Gold teaches at Georgetown and edited the book "<a href="https://www.appi.org/Gun_Violence_and_Mental_Illness"> Gun Violence and Mental Illness</a>." She told Business Insider in 2017 that mass shooters tend to be "impulsive and angry about a lot of different things," and said many have a history with law enforcement or violence, especially around domestic violence. <a href="https://www.secretservice.gov/data/protection/ntac/USSS_NTAC-Mass_Attacks_in_Public_Spaces-2017.pdf">A 2017 report from the US Department of Homeland Security</a> on mass attacks showed that more than 70% of attackers had prior criminal records "beyond minor traffic violations," and a third had "histories related to domestic violence." People who've been <a href="https://www.justice.gov/jm/criminal-resource-manual-1117-restrictions-possession-firearms-individuals-convicted">convicted of domestic violence</a> are not allowed to own guns under US federal law. Still, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/deadliest-mass-shootings-almost-all-have-domestic-violence-connection-2017-11">many of the deadliest shooters in the country have had violent histories as perpetrators of domestic abuse.</a> The shooter who killed 26 people in a church in Southerland Springs, Texas in 2017 was kicked out of the Air Force for "bad conduct" that included assaulting his wife and child. And Omar Mateen, who killed 49 people at the Pulse Nightclub in Orlando in 2016, had reportedly <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/omar-mateen-wife-noor-salman-orlando-nightclub-shooter-2016-11">beaten his wife</a> and called her the Afghan word for "slut." "Until we do something different than we're doing now, we're not going to be able to stop this," Gold previously told Business Insider. <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/intelligence/digital-health?IR=T&amp;itm_source=businessinsider&amp;itm_medium=ctgr_bii&amp;itm_term=ctgr_subscription&amp;itm_content=health&amp;itm_campaign=digital-health-2"></a>

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