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<ul class="summary-list"><li>There's a lot that a healthy lifestyle can do for your longevity.</li><li>But in old age, a big part of the equation comes down to genetics.</li></ul>We are, collectively speaking, <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/raadfest-cheat-death-longevity-loma-linda-blue-zone-2023-9">living longer than ever</a> before.<a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-has-life-expectancy-changed-throughout-history-2015-6">Life expectancy in the US</a> shot up at a rate of about three years per decade in the last century: from roughly age 47 in 1900 to age 77 in 2000. This was largely due to major medical breakthroughs and public health moves that <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-to-improve-longevity-supplements-vs-exercise-and-diet-2024-3">boosted longevity</a>, including handwashing, proper sanitation, nutrition, and exercise.An <a target="_blank" href="https://affiliate.insider.com?h=51af0bbb0c5c69614864bb3c70f60d706f8bf315ccfd568dcea8dbe05f1a4ed4&amp;postID=67037fd3e5b5408300488cea&amp;postSlug=human-life-span-plateaued-what-you-can-do-long-life-2024-10&amp;site=bi&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fs43587-024-00702-3+">analysis</a> published Monday in Nature Aging suggests that our longevity-boosting heyday is coming to a close.As more people in wealthy countries make it to <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/blue-zones-longevity-breakfast-smoothie-protein-rich-and-easy-recipe-2024-8">old age</a>, human life expectancy gains are nearing a plateau. There are no demographic hints to suggest that most of us alive now will make it into the triple digits, no matter how hard we try, how rich we may become, or what any <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/biological-age-test-calculation-interpret-results-2024-2">biological age test</a> might tell us. It appears there are some strict limits to what medicine and biology can do for the human lifespan, at least right now."If somebody tells you that they know how to get you to 100, don't listen to them because they don't know what they're talking about," lead study author S. Jay Olshansky, a biostatistician who studies the upper limits of human longevity at the University of Illinois, Chicago, told Business Insider.<div type="image" title="An older woman in novelty glasses behind a cake with candles that say &quot;100.&quot;" height="1414" width="2120" msid="114021009" hostid="261" sizebytes="96772"></div>His assertion is that, barring any big advances, only 15% of women and 5% of men may live to 100 in this century. This best-case-scenario estimate is bolstered by 30 years of demographic study on some of the longest-lived, richest countries in the world, from 1990 to 2019.But, he says, this isn't cause for despair. It's a reality check."We've got a lot of people making it out to 85 or 90," he said, but "100 isn't going to happen for most people."The study has ramifications for aging science too, because stagnation in the life expectancy curves means longevity scientists will need to develop new, creative tactics to deliver major life expectancy gains for humanity in the decades to come.<h2 id="99163054-58fd-4c5c-8dd8-67a69d0b77ff">There is still a lot we can do to live long lives</h2><div type="image" title="mick jagger" height="2031" width="3000" msid="114021008" hostid="261" sizebytes="345730"></div>Olshansky's new study includes data from the US, plus eight of the longest-living countries in the world (Australia, France, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland ) and the one place which, until very recently, consistently boasted the highest life expectancies on Earth (Hong Kong). The study tracks trends in their death rates and life expectancy from 1990 to 2019, before the COVID-19 pandemic started.He says his projection doesn't mean that <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/longevity-experts-eat-nordic-meals-salad-sourdough-moderation-2024-9">personal health choices</a> are unimportant."The first take-home message is: avoid the things that shorten life," he said. "One of the reasons <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-long-can-humans-live-with-without-medical-advancement-2023-4">why people often don't live as long as they can</a> is because they adopt unhealthy lifestyles."Some of the best anti-aging interventions we have today include healthy, vegetable and whole grain-heavy <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/blue-zones-expert-shares-cheap-longevity-supplements-beans-walnuts-2024-5">diets</a> combined with ample <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/longevity-trainer-fitness-markers-to-watch-for-a-longer-life-2024-7">exercise</a>.There is serious science suggesting that lifting weights can <a target="_blank" rel="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/improve-mobility-build-muscle-longevity-exercise-personal-trainer-2023-11">help you maintain mobility</a>, boost bone health, and reduce pain. Cardio like running, walking, swimming, and biking has benefits that go beyond just keeping your heart healthy or your blood pressure down. It can help protect the brain from <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/brisk-walking-reverse-brain-aging-in-older-adults-study-2023-6">cognitive decline</a> and lowers your risk of early death. Scientists often say that <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/tips-live-longer-eat-mediterranean-diet-exercise-2023-11/">exercise is the best anti-aging drug</a> we've found so far.<div type="image" title="An older man in a white T-shirt playing basketball." height="1414" width="2120" msid="114021011" hostid="261" sizebytes="115800"></div>A lot of what determines who makes it past the century mark comes down to genetic luck."When somebody says 'What's the best advice you can give to somebody on how to live to a hundred?' My answer is: choose long-lived parents," Olskansky said. "There's <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/doctor-made-longevity-calculator-estimates-how-long-you-will-live-2023-4">a strong genetic component</a> of how long we can live, and we can't really control that. So control what you can control."<h2 id="527b2561-9ae9-4351-b9ed-e927261c8065">New ways to slow down aging</h2>Aging researchers generally agree that new tactics beyond traditional medicines, vaccines, and <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/supplement-expert-doesnt-take-supplements-eats-vegan-2023-11">supplements</a> will be needed to improve human health and longevity at very old ages."We've created a toolbox in medicine to go after one disease at a time," Olshansky said. In order to advance further, aging science "needs to go after the aging process itself," he said.Future advances could come from innovations in genetics, <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_oxx-cXDZbg">cellular reprogramming</a>, and other areas of biology."Big breakthroughs in a technology only happens as a result of a lot of prior work that doesn't have any actual dramatic consequences, until it does," aging researcher Aubrey de Grey told Business Insider. De Grey says he is focused on "damage repair" interventions against aging and is studying regenerative medicine in mice that could lead to breakthroughs for <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/longevity-escape-velocity-what-is-it">human lifespan extension</a>. He's currently testing different combinations of stem cell treatments, drugs (including one that's a potential <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/tech-titans-sam-altman-turning-to-anti-aging-drugs-2023-5">"zombie cell" killer</a>), and a gene therapy."The goal is to throw together enough of these to be able to essentially cover all the bases," he said.Physicist and aging researcher Peter Fedichev is another aging scientist who envisions paradigm shifts that could help slow down the aging process itself. His AI-based drug company, Gero, hasn't developed any treatments tested in people yet, but it's partnering with drug companies including Pfizer, working on research to develop new targets for fibrotic disease. "If we keep doing what we have been doing, the solution does not appear to be there," Fedichev told BI. "We need to decouple aging and diseases in our minds, and we should put effort into designing interventions against aging, to prevent that decline."

The human life span may have finally plateaued. Here's what you can do to optimize your chances for a long life — and what researchers are working on next.

<ul class="summary-list"><li>NASA launched Europa Clipper to see if <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/oxygen-europa-life-surface-ocean-subsurface-earth-juno-mission-jupiter-2024-3">Jupiter's moon Europa</a> could host alien life.</li><li>Scientists think Europa contains a vast saltwater ocean deep beneath its surface.</li></ul><a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-nasa-could-tell-us-aliens-are-real-2023-2">NASA is serious about searching for alien life</a>, even within our own solar system.On Monday, aboard a SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket, the agency launched a spacecraft toward Europa, a moon of <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/jupiter-images-webb-sees-rings-moons-hubble-cant-2022-8">Jupiter</a>.Scientists believe Europa contains a vast saltwater ocean deep beneath its icy crust, with twice as much water as Earth. It's perhaps the most promising place in our solar system for active <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-asks-help-retrieving-perseverance-mars-samples-alien-life-2024-4">extraterrestrial life</a>.<div type="image" title="Europa" height="1700" width="2300" msid="114225773" hostid="261" sizebytes="181080"></div>The NASA mission, called Europa Clipper, aims to figure out whether <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/space-lava-from-moon-volcanoes-creates-jupiters-powerful-aurora-lights-2022-2">the Jupiter moon</a> and its ocean could support life. It's the largest interplanetary spacecraft NASA has ever built. The probe is about 16 feet tall and, when its vast wings of solar arrays are deployed, 100 feet wide. It weighs three-and-a-half tons.Clipper is undertaking the first targeted exploration of an <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-underwater-rover-hunt-alien-life-on-ocean-worlds-2019-11">ocean world</a> beyond our planet.Even if there is no life on Europa, this mission is crucial in the <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/why-no-contact-with-aliens-2019-9">search for alien life</a>, since ocean worlds across the galaxy are prime candidates for life.Missions like Europa Clipper are "modern cathedrals" and "generational quests," said Laurie Leshin, the director of <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-mars-helicopter-pilot-what-job-is-like-advice-2023-1">NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory</a>, which built the spacecraft.<div type="image" title="giant spacecraft folded up between red Airbus panels with a large round foil-covered piece on the front with technicians in blue clean suits standing nearby in a giant white clearnroom" height="1280" width="1920" msid="114225774" hostid="261" sizebytes="132976"></div>"We scientists have been dreaming about a mission like Europa Clipper for more than 20 years. We've been working to build it for 10 years," she added in a briefing about the mission in September. "It's going to be another 10 years, because <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/video-animation-planetary-scientist-huge-solar-system-2019-11">Jupiter's so far away</a>, until we have all the science in the bag."The spacecraft must travel 1.8 billion miles to get to Jupiter, getting a boost from Mars's gravity along the way. It's scheduled to arrive in April 2030.<h2 id="ccd765aa-2885-424c-ab06-309d5a9fdb77">A 7-body problem and unfathomable radiation</h2>Life exists without sunlight at the bottom of the ocean here on Earth. All it needs is an energy source, like hydrothermal vents which release heat from deep within the planet, and organic molecules containing essential elements like carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen.Europa Clipper is carrying nine scientific instruments to look for the fingerprints of those molecules, measure the salinity and depth of the underground ocean, and take photos of Europa down to one meter of resolution, among other things.<div type="image" title="illustration of a spacecraft with long wings of solar panels above a white moon covered in crisis crossed brown lines with jupiter in the distant background in space" height="1121" width="1995" msid="114225771" hostid="261" sizebytes="107104"></div>"Clipper is not actually going to look for life itself, but it's going to characterize the habitability of Europa," Gina DiBraccio, the acting director of NASA's Planetary Science Division, said in the briefing.The mission is designed to orbit Jupiter and fly past Europa 49 times, each time soaring over a different area to eventually cover almost the entire moon, pole to pole. The spacecraft will skim as close as 16 miles above Europa's surface.The mission plan is a marvel of engineering. Rather than a three-body problem, falling into orbit around Jupiter is a "seven-body problem" because of the planet's large moons, Jordan Evans, the mission's project manager, said in the briefing.During each flyby, Clipper will bathe in radiation from Jupiter that's equivalent to "a few million chest X-rays," Evans added.It might even find out if Europa's ice really <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-jupiter-oceanic-moon-europa-radioactive-glow-2020-11">glows in the dark from that radiation</a>, as NASA research has previously indicated.

NASA launches a probe to find out if there really could be alien life on Jupiter's moon Europa

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Mars just scored another <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-discovers-potential-alien-life-evidence-biosignature-perseverance-rover-mars-2024-7">point in favor of alien life</a>.</li><li>Scientists discovered signs of an ocean's worth of liquid water miles below Mars' surface.</li></ul>Mars is looking more and more like a place for <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-nasa-could-tell-us-aliens-are-real-2023-2">NASA to find the first signs of alien life</a>.Scientists discovered evidence of a <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/groundwater-pumping-causes-earth-rotational-pole-to-shift-study-finds-2023-7">reservoir of liquid water</a> seven to 13 miles below the Martian surface, lingering in the pores of the planet's crust.They believe there's enough to cover the entire planet with <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/saturns-death-star-moon-mimas-may-have-a-secret-ocean-2022-1">an ocean</a> about one mile deep.The water, if it exists, is <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/scientists-discover-underground-moon-cave-astronauts-could-live-2024-7">too deep to access</a> in the foreseeable future. Still, it's another promising sign that Mars could one day yield the most disruptive discovery in human history — that of life beyond Earth.The discovery, announced Monday, comes just weeks after <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-asks-help-retrieving-perseverance-mars-samples-alien-life-2024-4">NASA's Perseverance rover</a> drilled a rock sample on Mars that could contain evidence of microbial life from a bygone era.<div type="image" title="gritty yellow ring with speckled solid rock sample inside" height="1400" width="1471" msid="112479167" hostid="261" sizebytes="125234"></div>Ancient remnants of long-extinct <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/why-no-contact-with-aliens-2019-9">alien life</a> are all NASA can hope for on the parched Martian surface. But any sizeable source of liquid water, like these potential underground reservoirs, is a place to check for active microbial life — even though water 10 miles underground would never see the light of day."It's certainly true on Earth — deep, deep mines host life, <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/seamount-new-species-schmidt-ocean-institute-expedition-marine-chile-2024-2">the bottom of the ocean hosts life</a>. We haven't found any evidence for life on Mars, but at least we have identified a place that should, in principle, be able to sustain life," Michael Manga, a co-author of the study and planetary scientist at the University of California, Berkeley, <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://news.berkeley.edu/2024/08/12/scientists-find-oceans-of-water-on-mars-its-just-too-deep-to-tap/">said</a> in a press release.<h2 id="aaa09a5d-96fd-42cc-8177-e2c4153862f8">Marsquakes helped NASA find water clues</h2>When <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-insight-lander-detects-big-mars-quakes-2021-9">NASA put a seismometer on Mars</a>, aboard its InSight lander, the goal was to peer into the planet's interior.<div type="image" title="mars brown planet with blue-black and white splotches in the black of space" height="1920" width="1920" msid="112479165" hostid="261" sizebytes="112220"></div>Though <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-insight-mars-lander-mission-ending-dust-power-crisis-2022-12">the InSight mission ended</a> in 2022, scientists are still sifting through all the data it collected in hopes of learning something new about Mars's depths.InSight's seismometer instrument <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-insight-lander-missing-big-mars-quakes-2021-4">measured Marsquake activity</a>, mapping seismic waves. As those waves move through the Martian interior, their timing and the direction they travel are influenced by the material they're traveling through deep underground.So, by measuring the waves, the scientists of the new study can tell what's underneath the planet's surface. It's similar to how the waves of an X-ray or CAT scan can reveal what's inside a human body.Manga and his colleagues used mathematical modeling to determine that a deep layer of fractured igneous rock, saturated with water, best explains InSight's data. Their findings were <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2409983121">published</a> in the peer-reviewed journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on Monday.<div type="image" title="illustration of a column cutout of mars planetary interior beneath the insight lander with a deep layer of cracked rock with water in the cracks" height="825" width="1000" msid="112479161" hostid="261" sizebytes="95798"></div><h2 id="a0164bcd-c556-4a64-a741-6c029fdf4ce2">A clue in a Mars mystery</h2>In addition to being downright fascinating and potentially overturning humanity's conception of Mars as a lifeless, dry red rock, the new findings may help solve one of the planet's greatest mysteries: where all the water went.Mars's surface was once lush with water. Heck, the Perseverance rover is exploring a basin that <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-mars-rover-landing-jezero-crater-search-for-alien-life-2021-2">used to be a giant lake and river delta</a>.But the planet didn't have a strong magnetic field, like Earth's, to help it hold onto its atmosphere. As a result, the sun's radiation wore away what little protective layer of atmospheric gases existed, and the planet dried up.By about 3 billion years ago, all the water was gone. Some of it is still frozen in Mars's ice caps. Perhaps some simply vaporized in the harsh space environment. But scientists haven't really figured out where it all went.The new findings suggest some of the water seeped deep into the planet's crust.

Another point for life on Mars: Signs of liquid water discovered under the planet's surface

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Jordan Chiles discussed the 2024 Olympics and losing her medal at the Forbes Power Women's Summit.</li><li>She also spoke to Business Insider about entering the beauty and fashion industries.</li></ul>What's life like for <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/jordan-chiles">Jordan Chiles</a> after the <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-to-attend-olympics-regular-person-cheap-tickets-paris-2024-8">2024 Summer Olympics</a>? In her words, it's "crazy."The Olympian told Business Insider at Wednesday's <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/lauren-sanchez-jeff-bezos-relationship-public-perception-2024-9">Forbes Power Women's Summit</a> that life "has been up and down and left and right. At this rate, I feel like I'm in a tornado, but I've been enjoying it."Looking at Chiles' schedule over the last two weeks, it's no wonder she feels like she's in a whirlwind. On Wednesday, she was spotted onstage at the MTV Video Music Awards; she had a quick stop at the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/serena-williams-subtly-promotes-her-makeup-brand-us-open-2024-9">US Open last week</a> and participated in multiple fashion and beauty ventures.It comes after the heartbreaking moment when the 23-year-old Olympian was <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/us-gymnast-jordan-chiles-ana-barbosu-bronze-medal-dispute-2024-8">stripped of a bronze medal</a> for her individual floor exercise final in Paris.<div type="image" title="Jordan Chiles attends the 2024 Forbes Power Women's Summit." height="3000" width="2000" msid="113301451" hostid="261" sizebytes="223760"></div>Chiles originally finished fifth during the Olympic event, but when her coaches challenged the results, she was awarded a higher score and the bronze medal spot held by Romanian gymnast Ana Bărbosu.However, the Romanian gymnastics team challenged the change, and the Court of Arbitration for Sport ruled in favor of the European country.<h3 id="98c27018-35cc-46a1-a0a8-498584b6ef06">An emotional Chiles speaks about being stripped of her Olympic bronze medal for the first time</h3>Chiles discussed the headline-making moment in detail for the first time at the Forbes summit."The biggest thing that was taken from me was the recognition of who I was — not just my sport, but the person I am," Chiles told Forbes' executive vice president Moira Forbes onstage. "To me, everything that has gone on is not about the medal. It's about my skin color," she continued. "It's about the fact there were things that have led up to this position of being an athlete. And I felt like everything has been stripped."Business Insider reached out to the International Gymnastics Federation, the International Olympic Committee, and the Court of Arbitration for Sport.Chiles also told Forbes that the experience led her to lose her love of gymnastics, which she had previously felt in 2018."I lost it again," she said. "I felt like I was really left in the dark." <div type="image" title="Jordan Chiles and Moira Forbes at the 2024 Power Women's Summit." height="2250" width="3000" msid="113301452" hostid="261" sizebytes="283432"></div>But Chiles said she's hoping to quickly move past the dark spot threatening to shadow her Olympic experience."Simone [Biles] has changed the game of the sport, and I feel like I have changed the culture of the sport," she said onstage. "I've been trying to really take that into consideration because I'm the person I am. God created me to be the person I am. I was put on this earth for a reason."Chiles added that she wants people to understand that while she's a professional athlete, she's first and foremost a human being."Me being human and understanding life comes before my sport," she said.<h3 id="15a8b3a4-27e6-4ccf-972c-01518e852357">Chiles is onto her next move, and she has her sights set on fashion and beauty</h3>And that's where Chiles's focus is now — looking beyond her career as an athlete."I love the business aspect of everything," she told BI at the event. "Gymnastics is not always gonna be with me. Who knows how long I'll do it for? At the end of the day, I've gotta figure out what to do with my life."So far, Chiles has a deep passion and interest in the beauty and fashion industries. Recently, she's walked the Kim Shui runway at New York Fashion Week, made social-media content for Vaseline, and participated in a makeup campaign with Milani Cosmetics.She told BI that she's chosen each project because the companies and teams behind them understand her as a person, not just an athlete."I'm a fashion girl. I love everything about it," she added, "…Everything is all about what I love and what I enjoy doing especially fashion.""These are new opportunities for me, and I'm just going to continue to shine as bright as I can," Chiles said.

Jordan Chiles says her life feels like she's 'in a tornado.' She's onto her next move anyway.

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Elon Musk doesn't think aliens are out there.</li><li>The SpaceX owner has launched rockets and put thousands of satellites into space.</li></ul><a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/spacex-elon-musk">SpaceX</a> owner <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk">Elon Musk</a> doesn't think aliens exist."I have seen no evidence for aliens and, with ~6000 satellites orbiting Earth, I think I would know," Musk <a target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1782315032056926621">wrote</a> on X on Monday.The billionaire responded to a recent <a target="_blank" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DfTU5LA_kw8&amp;ab_channel=PowerfulJRE">interview</a> that <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/fox-news-host-tucker-carlson-biography-of-right-wing-superstar-2020-7">Tucker Carlson</a> gave on the podcast "The Joe Rogan Experience," which aired on April 19.Carlson told host <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/joe-rogan-experience-podcast-draws-huge-audience-spotify-2024-3">Joe Rogan</a> that he thinks aliens "have been here a long time" and claimed that "there's a ton of evidence that they're under the ocean and under the ground." It seems, however, that Musk disagrees with Carlson's theory.This isn't the first time Musk has publicly <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/fermi-paradox-drake-equation-aliens-elon-musk-2018-6">contemplated the existence of extraterrestrials</a>. In June 2018, Musk said in an <a target="_blank" href="https://x.com/elonmusk/status/1011085383239589888">X post</a> that "it is unknown whether we are the only civilization currently alive in the observable universe."But this, Musk said, meant there was "added impetus for extending life beyond Earth.""The scariest answer to the Fermi Paradox is that there are no aliens at all," Musk <a target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1682945360572948484">wrote</a> in July, referencing physicist <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/why-aliens-have-not-contacted-humans-2015-9">Enrico Fermi's</a> questions about why humans have yet to discover aliens.Musk has a vested interest in discovering what's out there in space beyond what appears to be a personal interest in aliens. His work at SpaceX to <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-spacex-military-contracts-dod-space-force-2020-10">launch rockets and satellites for the US military</a> has made him <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-and-starlink-critics-question-billionaires-control-2023-9">a huge defense contractor in the US</a>.Starlink has played a <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/officials-worry-about-ukraines-reliance-on-elon-musks-starlink-2023-7">critical role in the Ukraine war,</a> where Ukrainian soldiers have used it to operate its drone fleet and communicate in conflict zones. Musk hopes to send up to <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-starlink-satellites-internet">42,000 Starlink satellites</a> into space eventually.Representatives for SpaceX didn't immediately respond to a request for comment from BI sent outside regular business hours.

Elon Musk says he 'would know' if there are aliens out there with all the Starlink satellites he has orbiting Earth

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Scientists think the sun will become too hot for life to handle in the next billion years.</li><li>An unexpected rescue mission could come in the form of a star flying by the solar system.</li></ul>In around a billion years, the sun will become hot enough to<a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/sun-destroy-earth-red-giant-white-dwarf-2016-9"> boil all the oceans on our planet</a>, and life as we know it will be destroyed.The fate of life on Earth, scientists think, is more or less sealed.But a passing star could prove to be an unlikely savior, according to a new study by scientists from the University of Bordeaux, France, and the Planetary Science Institute in Tucson, Arizona.The researchers ran 12,000 simulations to see what would happen if a star passed within 100 astronomical units (about 9.3 billion miles) from Earth.The simulations showed that our solar system is remarkably stable. In 92% of cases, the solar system would remain almost intact even as a star passed by the solar system."I thought more would happen," Sean Raymond, a study author from the University of Bordeaux in France, told <a target="_blank" href="https://www.newscientist.com/article/2405706-passing-star-could-fling-earth-out-past-pluto-into-the-oort-cloud/?utm_campaign=RSS%7CNSNS&amp;utm_source=NSNS&amp;utm_medium=RSS&amp;utm_content=news">New Scientist</a>. "It's really not that easy to mess with planets' orbits – a star has to get really into another star's business to mess with its planets."Still, there's a chance the passing star could pull our planet out of harm's way — albeit a slim one. In 0.28% of the simulations, the star pulled the Earth out of its orbit and into a more temperate region, Raymond said in <a target="_blank" href="https://planetplanet.net/2023/11/21/could-a-stellar-flyby-save-earth-from-impending-doom/">a blog post</a>.This manifested in a number of ways. In some simulations, Earth remained in the solar system but was pulled to a region beyond Pluto that's about 10% cooler than our current orbit.In other simulations, Earth was kicked into interstellar space, ending up in the Oort cloud, about 2 billion light years away, or as a free-floating planet in space.As bizarre as it might seem, this may not be the worst-case scenario, said <a target="_blank" href="https://planetplanet.net/2023/11/21/could-a-stellar-flyby-save-earth-from-impending-doom/">Raymond in a blog post</a>. "It is much harder to un-roast a fried planet than to heat up a frozen world," he said."If they possess modestly thick hydrogen atmospheres, free-floating planets can trap enough heat to maintain liquid water on the surface," he said.There are also a few scenarios where the star captured the Earth as it flew by.However, in scenarios where the Earth was taken away from the broiling zone, it wasn't automatically saved. In many cases, it ended up <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/moon-formation-giant-impact-earth-synestia-2018-2">crashing into the moon</a> or Venus.There's only a 1% chance a star could fly by our solar system in the next billion years, and the simulations predict a 1 in 350 chance of Earth being kicked into a habitable orbit.So taken together, "that's a 1 in 35,000 chance that the long-term prospects for life on Earth will be rescued by a passing star," said Raymond in a blog post."That's about the same odds as randomly pulling the ace of spades from two separate decks of cards while also rolling a combined 10 with two dice. Not the best odds," he said.The research findings were published in the peer-reviewed journal <a target="_blank" href="https://academic.oup.com/mnras/advance-article/doi/10.1093/mnras/stad3604/7452883">Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</a> on November 27.

A rogue star could save Earth from extinction in a billion years by knocking it out past Pluto

<ul><li>NASA's <keyword id="1228017" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Spitzer-Space-Telescope">Spitzer Space Telescope</keyword> has been observing a planet 48.6 light years away from Earth. </li><li>Dubbed LHS 3844b, the planet has no atmosphere but holds to key to understanding where scientists should be looking for signs on <keyword id="2255377" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="life-beyond-Earth">life beyond Earth</keyword>. </li><li>This is the first time that NASA has been able to observe a planet without an atmosphere that orbiting a red dwarf star.</li></ul>The <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/10-Mind-Bending-Photos-From-The-Spitzer-Telescope/articleshow/22106180.cms">Spitzer Space Telescope</a> has been observing a planet that’s 1.3 times larger than the Earth and 48.6 light years away. And, it completes its orbit in a mere 11 hours. But, it has one critical flaw — no atmosphere. The Earth’s atmosphere supports life — but not every planet has the same protective layer around it. It is especially true with planets that orbit small stars. Officially named LHS 3844b, it is the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/8-of-the-worlds-coolest-telescopes-that-are-changing-the-way-that-we-look-at-the-universe/slidelist/53305793.cms">first planet</a> without an atmosphere orbiting a red dwarf star, to ever be observed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (<a href="https://www.space.com/rocky-alien-planet-with-no-atmosphere-discovery.html">NASA</a>) after being spotted by the Transiting Exoplanet Satellite Survey (TESS) in 2018. What breaks or makes a planet The lack of an atmosphere around LHS 3844b may not be able to support life but it gives scientists some understanding around what kind of factors can make or break a planetary atmosphere — especially since we’re always on the hunt for <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/Astronomers-have-discovered-a-potentially-habitable-world-just-31-light-years-away-thanks-to-NASAs-planet-hunting-telescope/articleshow/70473179.cms">habitable planets beyond our own Solar System.</a> "We've got lots of theories about how planetary atmospheres fare around M dwarfs, but we haven't been able to study them empirically," states Laura Kriedberg, a researcher at the Harvard and Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics and lead author of the study. "Now, with LHS 3844b, we have a terrestrial planet outside our solar system where for the first time we can determine observationally that an atmosphere is not present," explains Kriedberg. Volcano and ashes Unlike most planets that are close to a star, LHS 3844b is actually ‘quite dark’, according to Renyu Hu, an exoplanet scientist with NASA and co-author of the study published in Nature. Spitzer and NASA's Hubble Space Telescope have observed <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/Clouds-on-Uranus-smell-like-farts-astronomers-have-confirmed-a-clue-that-there-was-a-big-shakeup-early-in-the-solar-system/articleshow/63888299.cms">gas planets</a> and their atmospheres in the past, but this is the first time that they’ve used light — or lack thereof — to gather data about a planet. The fact that LHS 3844b doesn’t have an atmosphere makes it more like the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/nasa-discover-water-depletion-on-the-moon/articleshow/68902726.cms">Moon</a> and <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/the-fascinating-and-terrible-things-that-would-happen-to-you-if-you-tried-to-fly-on-jupiter-and-other-planets/Planes-use-the-air-on-Earth-to-generate-a-difference-in-pressure-below-and-above-the-wings-which-produces-lift-But-theres-no-atmosphere-on-Mercury-which-means-you-couldnt-even-glide-on-it-If-you-drove-the-plane-off-of-a-cliff-youd-fall-and-crash-like-this/slideshow/54705431.cms">Mercury</a> rather than the Earth. Even it’s surface is covered in volcanic residue similar to the material found on the lunar surface called mare. Hot and cold The similarities between LHS 3844b and the Moon don’t stop at both of them being covered in ancient volcanic ash. They both have a ‘<a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/there-is-a-dark-side-of-the-moon-but-you-are-probably-using-the-term-incorrectly-all-of-the-time/articleshow/67400466.cms">dark side</a>’ as well. The Moon, in its orbit of Earth, always has one side that’s facing the planet and one side that’s permanently facing away. The same ‘tidal lock’ has been observed on the planet where its ‘dayside’ heats up 770 degrees Celcius and the ‘night side’ never faces the star. Because there’s no atmosphere — meaning no winds, no air and no movement — none of that heat gets dispersed around the planet and both sides continue to exhibit temperatures that are poles apart. Exceptional yet common Red dwarves themselves aren’t uncommon as the smallest and the coolest of the star categories. In fact, they make up three quarters of the stars in the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/the-supermassive-black-hole-at-the-center-of-our-galaxy-suddenly-lit-up-brighter-than-scientists-had-ever-seen-and-nobody-knows-why/articleshow/70684341.cms">Milky Way</a>. Despite their abundance, they aren’t as easy to observe. Flickering at around 1/10,000 of the Sun’s brightness, most of them are invisible to the naked eye. Because they’re so common, they’re also host to a majority of the planets in any particular galaxy, including our own. Understanding how they work and function is critical to figuring out where to look for life in the vast universe. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/our-very-own-black-hole-in-the-milky-way-doesnt-quite-eat-up-everything/articleshow/69684893.cms">Our very own black hole in the Milky Way doesn’t quite eat up ‘everything’</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/Astronomers-have-discovered-a-potentially-habitable-world-just-31-light-years-away-thanks-to-NASAs-planet-hunting-telescope/articleshow/70473179.cms">Astronomers have discovered a potentially habitable world just 31 light-years away, thanks to NASA's planet-hunting telescope</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/nasa-spots-marsquake-on-insight-lander-mission/articleshow/69018433.cms">NASA detects a quake on Mars for the very first time — using sound</a>

A new ‘dark’ planet on NASA’s radar might hold the key to what makes or breaks a planet

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Bed Bath &amp; Beyond's stock has been on a rocky ride in the past two years – and now the retailer is on the verge of bankruptcy. </li><li>The company's shares have plunged about 91% since early 2021 when it surged amid the meme-stock frenzy. </li></ul>Bed Bath &amp; Beyond, the once-beloved home goods retailer, has seen its fortunes sink dramatically of late - as captured by a precipitous fall in the company's share price.The stock has plummeted almost 97% from peaks hit two years ago, when it had shot to fame as part of the <a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/what-is-a-meme-stock-reddit-wallstreetbets-gamestop-amc-2021-6-1030515649?miRedirects=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">meme-stock craze</a> ignited by video game retailer GameStop. The shares traded at a mere $1.55 apiece at last check on Friday, compared with 2021 highs above $50.The dramatic decline is only the latest leg in an extraordinary ride full of surprising twists and turns that spanned the past two years. The stock, which had slumped below $4 in 2020, skyrocketed during the meme-stock mania of early 2021 in a surge that was backed by little fundamental reason.After that, Bed Bath &amp; Beyond's stock has seen many unexpected ups and downs but since last summer, it has crashed seemingly with little support as the company struggled with a mountain of debt, high interest rates and pandemic-triggered inventory snags. Its market capitalization, which hit a record high of about $17 billion in 2013, has plunged to around $178 million currently.Now, the clock is ticking for Bed Bath &amp; Beyond on whether it can save itself from bankruptcy. Here's a timeline of the key events that have shaped company's turbulent journey in the stock market over the past two years. <h2>January 2021: The meme-stock frenzy kicks off </h2>Bed Bath &amp; Beyond's stock surged 99% in January 2021 in an explosive start to the year after it was pulled into the <a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/retail-traders-poured-into-meme-stocks-matching-gamestop-short-squeeze-2021-6-1030508467?utm_medium=ingest&amp;utm_source=markets" target="_blank" rel="noopener">meme-stock frenzy</a> on the back of GameStop's short squeeze. Meme stocks became a red-hot topic in global markets when an army of retail traders who mobilized themselves on Reddit's Wall Street Bets forum drove epic rallies in shares of struggling and highly shorted companies. Among the names that gained traction were Bed Bath &amp; Beyond, AMC, BlackBerry and Beyond Meat.<div type="image" title="Bed Bath &amp; Beyond stock chart" height="1044" width="1393" msid="98428968" hostid="261" sizebytes="33836"></div><h2>June 2021: Bed Bath &amp; Beyond launches three new brands </h2>The retailer <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/bed-bath-beyond-brands-our-table-wild-sage-squared-away-2021-6">introduced three new private brands</a> around mid-2021 in a bid to capitalize on consumers' obsession with home improvement during the pandemic period that kept people indoors.The new store brands – Our Table, Wild Sage, and Squared Away – all focused on the home. The launch sent the Bed Bath &amp; Beyond stock, then still riding a wider meme-stock rally, surging some 62% in a single day. In the same month, shares extended their advance after the retailer lifted its full-year revenue outlook, <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2021/06/30/bed-bath-beyond-bbby-reports-q1-2021-earnings.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">per CNBC</a>. <h2>November 2021: Brand rejuvenation continues</h2>In early November of that year, Bed Bath &amp; Beyond <a href="https://www.reuters.com/business/bed-bath-beyond-share-surge-reignites-interest-gamestop-amc-2021-11-03/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">made a wave of announcements</a> including the launch of a digital marketplace, a collaboration with grocery giant Kroger and a $1 billion share buyback plan that was ahead of schedule. The stock surged 15% on the back of the initiatives. <h2>March 2022: GameStop chairman reveals a $150 million stake in Bed Bath &amp; Beyond</h2>Bed Bath &amp; Beyond's stock enjoyed a strong start to 2022, surging 34% as GameStop's chairman Ryan Cohen <a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/gamestop-ryan-cohen-activist-letter-bed-bath-beyond-bbby-sale-2022-3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">revealed he had nearly a 10% stake in the company</a>. That made Cohen one of the top shareholders in the home furnishings firm. Meanwhile, the billionaire investor urged the retailer's bosses to refocus and explore a sale of the company, given its slumping stock in the months prior, sales declines, shrinking market value and supply-chain issues. <h2>June 2022: The meme-stock craze dies down </h2>Over spring and summer of 2022, the hysteria around meme-stocks dwindled thanks to the Federal Reserve's rapid interest-rate increases aimed at containing inflation. By June last year, Bed Bath &amp; Beyond's stock had extended its slump after the retailer reported a $358 million net loss for the first quarter against a weakening macroeconomic backdrop, while CEO Mark Tritton resigned.At the time, one analyst labelled the company's first-quarter results a <a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/bed-bath-and-beyond-stock-1q-earnings-losses-ceo-resignation-2022-6?utm_medium=ingest&amp;utm_source=markets&amp;utm_medium=ingest&amp;utm_source=markets&amp;_gl=1*18jn8d*_ga*MTY0OTQ1MjIyNS4xNjU2NTA4ODQ3*_ga_E21CV80ZCZ*MTY3NzgzNDgxOC43NjcuMS4xNjc3ODM5OTExLjAuMC4w" target="_blank" rel="noopener">"dumpster fire"</a> that could see the business eventually shut down. Shares in the firm fell 24% at the end of June on the news, and had sunk 65% compared to the same time in 2021. <h2>August 2022: Store closures and mass layoffs </h2>At the start of August last year, Bed Bath &amp; Beyond's stock showed renewed signs of life as the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/reddit-gamestop-bed-bath-beyond-top-meme-stocks-gme-bbby-2022-8" target="_blank" rel="noopener">meme-stock movement made a comeback</a>. Shares surged over 360% by mid-August, even after a "dumpster fire" quarter. Then on August 17, things took a gloomy turn after Cohen said he intended to <a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/ryan-cohen-bed-bath-beyond-meme-stock-options-gamestop-profit-2022-8" target="_blank" rel="noopener">sell his entire position in the retaile</a>r. The GameStop chairman and <a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/stocks/chwy-stock?utm_medium=ingest&amp;utm_source=markets" rel="">Chewy</a> founder revealed he had cashed out all of his stock and options for $189 million. Bed Bath &amp; Beyond's stock instantly bombed, falling as much as 43% in two days of Cohen's disclosure. By the end of the month, Bed Bath &amp; Beyond said it was <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/bed-bath-and-beyond-close-150-stores-cut-jobs-2022-8">closing 150 stores and slashing 20% of its workforce</a> in a bid to cut costs. Shares of the retailer fell 21% on the day of the news, and continued to slide till year-end. <h2>January 2023: Bankruptcy warning</h2>The new year rang in more troubles for Bed Bath &amp; Beyond after the retailer warned it <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/bed-bath-beyond-bankruptcy-what-to-know-employees-customers-2023-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">may file for bankruptcy</a>. The New Jersey-based home goods company had said in an <a href="https://bedbathandbeyond.gcs-web.com/static-files/e0fa4f9f-7fce-4069-9f0c-f2335edea844" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">SEC filing</a> that there is a "substantial doubt" about the business's "ability to continue going."That was after the company said it expects sales to fall by more than $600 million back in November. The bankruptcy warning sent the shares sliding by more than 22%. <h2>February 2023: Mounting debt troubles</h2>The past month saw continued weakness in the stock, apart from a 92% single-day spike on February 6 fueled by meme-stock traders piling into the struggling retailer. That jump didn't last, and the price of the shares quickly tanked after the company announced it <a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/bed-bath-and-beyond-surges-120-1-billion-share-sale-2023-2" target="_blank" rel="noopener">secured investor funding to raise over $1 billion in capital to avoid bankruptcy</a>.<div type="image" title="Bed Bath &amp; Beyond stock chart." height="1022" width="1393" msid="98428970" hostid="261" sizebytes="50638"></div>The stock lost 50% of its value in February as the company <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/bed-bath-beyond-misses-interest-payments-ahead-of-possible-chapter-11-11675294085" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow">missed interest payments on roughly $1 billion worth of bonds</a> as its debt problems piled up.

Bed Bath & Beyond's stock has crashed to earth after a rollercoaster ride that defied gravity. Here's a timeline of its chaotic journey, fueled by meme-stock craze and mounting debt.

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