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A parliamentary proposal on August 5, 2019 to bifurcate the State of Jammu and Kashmir into two Union Territories (UT) saw the total number of states and union territories in the country increase to 36. This figure consist of 29 states and 7 union territories. In terms of governance, structure and function, states and union territories are significantly different from each other. Article 1 of the Indian constitution defines India as a Union of States and not as a federation of states. The term union of states. India, the largest democracy of the world is a federal country where the ruling powers are distributed among the state and the central governments. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="What are the Union Territories?" comment="subhead" text="What are the Union Territories?">What are the Union Territories?</cmsannotation> Unlike the states of India, which have their own governments, Union Territories (UTs) are the federal territories, administered by the union government of India. In UTs, the central government appoints the Lieutenant Governor, who is the administrator and the representative of the President of India. However, as an exception, Puducherry and Delhi have an elected legislature and government, as they were granted partial statehood, under the special Constitutional amendment. Currently, India has eight Union Territories including, Delhi, Andaman and Nicobar, Chandigarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh, Lakshadweep, and Puducherry. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Let us find out more about the difference between a state and a union territory." comment="subhead" text="Let us find out more about the difference between a state and a union territory.">Let us find out more about the difference between a state and a union territory.</cmsannotation> <table style="border-width: initial; border-style: none;" class="redcator-table-advance"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 233.75pt; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"> State </td> <td style="width: 233.75pt; border-top: 1pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left-width: initial; border-left-style: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"> Union territory </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 233.75pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top-width: initial; border-top-style: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"> A state is a constituent division that has a separate government. States have their own elected government that are vested with the powers to frame the laws. </td> <td style="width: 233.75pt; border-top-width: initial; border-style: none solid solid none; border-left-width: initial; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"> An union territory is a small administrative unit that is ruled by the union. The union territories are administered and controlled directly by the Central Government of India. </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 233.75pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top-width: initial; border-top-style: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"> States enjoy a federal relationship with the central government. The legislative and executive powers are distributed </td> <td style="width: 233.75pt; border-top-width: initial; border-style: none solid solid none; border-left-width: initial; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"> Union territories has unitary relationship with the central government which means all the legislative and executive powers rest with the Union. </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 233.75pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top-width: initial; border-top-style: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"> Governor is the constitutional head of the state. </td> <td style="width: 233.75pt; border-top-width: initial; border-style: none solid solid none; border-left-width: initial; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"> The president of India is the executive head of the union territory. </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 233.75pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top-width: initial; border-top-style: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"> The chief minister duly elected by the people administers the state. </td> <td style="width: 233.75pt; border-top-width: initial; border-style: none solid solid none; border-left-width: initial; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"> Union territory is appointed by an administrator who is appointed by the president. </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 233.75pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top-width: initial; border-top-style: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"> States are much larger in size than the union territories. </td> <td style="width: 233.75pt; border-top-width: initial; border-style: none solid solid none; border-left-width: initial; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"> Union territories are much smaller in size when compared to the states. </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 233.75pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top-width: initial; border-top-style: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"> States have autonomous powers. </td> <td style="width: 233.75pt; border-top-width: initial; border-style: none solid solid none; border-left-width: initial; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"> Union territories do not have autonomous powers. </td> </tr> </tbody><tbody></tbody><tbody></tbody><tbody></tbody></table> <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Two types of Union Territories in India" comment="subhead" text="Two types of Union Territories in India">Two types of Union Territories in India</cmsannotation> In India, there are two types of union territories namely union territory with legislature and union territory without legislature. The two union territories with the legislature are Delhi and Puducherry. This type of union territory has an elected legislature and government. The other union territories are directly controlled by the central government. The union territories have no separate representation in the Rajya Sabha except in cases of Delhi and Puducherry where the union territories have their own independent legislature. After the bifurcation, Jammu and Kashmir resemble the category of Delhi and Puducherry. The special provision granted for Jammu and Kashmir will mean that the administrative powers are distributed between the governor and the chief minister. The education and municipal operations of these union territories come under the purview of the legislative assembly while aspects like security and others are managed by the central government as per the advice of the Lieutenant Governor. Since they enjoy a partial statehood like status and they have their own legislative assemblies, union territories like Delhi, Puducherry and Jammu and Kashmir do not operate in the same way as the other four union territories in India do. See Also - <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/the-inspiring-legacy-of-srinivasa-ramanujan-and-his-contribution-to-mathematics/articleshow/79835583.cms">Srinivasa Ramanujan and his contribution in Mathematics</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/article/all-you-need-to-know-about-rti-act/articleshow/72053630.cms">All you need to know about RTI Act</a>

What is union territory and how it's different from state

<ul><li>The state of <keyword id="17605" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Jammu-and-kashmir">Jammu and Kashmir</keyword> no longer has a ‘special status’ in the Indian constitution.</li><li><keyword id="26604" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="ladakh">Ladakh</keyword> will be a <keyword id="6356438" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Union-territory">Union Territory</keyword> (UT) without an assembly and Jammu and Kashmir will be a second UT with an assembly. </li><li>The state’s former chief minister, Mehbooba Mufti — currently under house arrest — stated that India is ‘terrorising its people’.</li></ul>The state of Jammu and Kashmir will no longer have a ‘special status’ in India with <keyword id="405091" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Article-370">Article 370</keyword> and <keyword id="2945985" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Article-35A">Article 35A</keyword> being scrapped by Presidential Order. With both articles abolished, the ‘state’ of Jammu and Kashmir no longer exists. It is bifurcated into two parts — the union territory (UT) of Ladakh without an assembly, and the UT of Jammu and Kashmir with an assembly. 
 <div type="image" title="b342d1f5781a33c97584eee69debdc06" msid="70532303" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Statement of Objects and Reasons by India&amp;#39;s Home Minister, Amit Shah&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>



 Union territories are governed directly by the central government, hence earning them the name. States, on the other hand are administrative units, and have their own governments. Article 370 made the provision for the state to have its own constitution. Article 35A, based on Article 370, allowed the state to choose its permanent residents, provisions to government posts and governing property rights. 
 <div type="image" title="8f37c756ff5ce3d56319fdab452cec76" msid="70532344" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Presidential Order scrapping Article 35A and Article 370 of the Constitution&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>



 India’s current ruling party, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), has made no secret of its opposition to it, in both of its election manifestos. 
 
 
 <div type="ExtQuote" text="We are committed to annulling Article 35A of the Constitution of India as the provision is discriminatory against non-permanent residents and women of Jammu and Kashmir. We believe that Article 35A is an obstacle in the development of the state. We will take all steps to ensure a safe and peaceful environment for all residents of the state." auname="BJP’s 2019 Election Manifesto"></div>







 Prior to the announcement, Kashmir’s former chief ministers — Mebooba Mufti and Omar Abdullah — were placed under house arrest. So was People’s Conference chief Sajjad Lone. After the chaos in the Rajya Sabha and the disclosure of the Presidential Order, Mufti tweeted that the government of India only want to take the territory by ‘terrorising its people’. 
	
	
	<div type="twitter" handle="MehboobaMufti" handlename="Mehbooba Mufti" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/927125035751321601/sDtwINlX_normal.jpg" favoritecount="2543" retweetcount="1103" status="It will have catastrophic consequences for the subcontinent. GOIs intentions are clear. They want the territory of… https://t.co/rHGVrLjPGx" createdat="1564985176000" id="1158257896926240768"></div>







 Abdullah also expressed his outrage in calling the government's actions a 'total betrayal of trust' which may have 'far reaching and dangerous consequences'. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/amit-shah-says-article-35a-and-article-370-giving-kashmir-special-status-will-be-annulled-in-rajya-sabha/articleshow/70530969.cms">Article 370 and Article 35A which give Kashmir a special status will be annulled, Amit Shah tells Indian Parliament</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/section-144-in-kashmir-latest-news-developments/articleshow/70529285.cms">All that's happened in Kashmir over the last 72 hours – from movement of troops to suspension of internet to political leaders under house arrest</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india-parliament-debate-on-kashmir-latest-news/articleshow/70530170.cms">India’s opposition wants Narendra Modi to reveal his Kashmir plan in Parliament</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/imran-khan-is-asking-donald-trump-to-intervene-as-promised/articleshow/70529731.cms">Imran Khan is asking Donald Trump to intervene in Kashmir as promised</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/journalists-in-kashmir-get-satellite-phones-after-internet-and-mobile-are-shut-down/articleshow/70530054.cms">Reporters in Kashmir get a satellite phone for ₹100,000 a piece as all other communication devices are shut down</a>

Jammu and Kashmir, and Ladakh will now be two separate Union Territories

<ul><li>There are several internet shutdowns in India each year.</li><li>India reported over 630 internet shutdowns in the last 10 years.</li><li>There have been 400 instances of internet shutdowns in Jammu and <keyword id="6354495" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="kashmir" source="Orion">Kashmir</keyword> in the last 10 years.</li></ul>Internet shutdowns are a huge issue, especially when so many people depend upon the internet for work, education, entertainment and more. India has topped the <a href="https://www.accessnow.org/internet-shutdowns-2021/">list</a> of most instances of internet shutdowns in a country for four years now. Jammu and Kashmir, which is now a union territory has seen the <keyword id="13967833" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="most-internet-shutdowns" source="Orion">most internet shutdowns</keyword> in the country, majorly due to unrest and security reasons. SFLC, an organisation that tracks internet shutdowns in the country and informs the people about instances of internet shutdowns and the reason given by the government. In this post, we look at the states and union territories in India that have seen the most internet shutdowns in the last 10 years. <table style="border-width: initial; border-style: none;"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#000000;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">State / UT </td><td style="border-right:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#000000;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Internet shutdowns in the last 10 years </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#d9d9d9;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Jammu and Kashmir </td><td style="border-right:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#d9d9d9;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">400 </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Rajasthan </td><td style="border-right:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">84 </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#d9d9d9;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Uttar Pradesh </td><td style="border-right:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#d9d9d9;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">30 </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Haryana </td><td style="border-right:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">17 </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#d9d9d9;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">West Bengal </td><td style="border-right:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#d9d9d9;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">13 </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Maharashtra </td><td style="border-right:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">12 </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#d9d9d9;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Gujarat </td><td style="border-right:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#d9d9d9;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">11 </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Bihar </td><td style="border-right:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">11 </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#d9d9d9;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Meghalaya </td><td style="border-right:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#d9d9d9;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">7 </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Arunachal Pradesh </td><td style="border-right:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">7 </td></tr></tbody></table> SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/list-of-countries-that-saw-most-internet-shutdowns-in-2021-india-tops-with-more-shutdowns-than-all-countries-combined/slidelist/91185327.cms">List of countries that saw most internet shutdowns in 2021</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/internet-censorship-cost-the-global-economy-5-5-billion-in-2021-report-says/articleshow/88775422.cms">Internet censorship cost the global economy $5.5 billion in 2021, report says</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/india-suffered-longest-internet-shutdowns-in-2020-globally-for-the-second-consecutive-year/articleshow/80130268.cms">India suffered longest internet shutdowns in 2020 globally for the second consecutive year</a>

Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh saw most Internet shutdowns after Jammu and Kashmir in the last 10 years

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What is union territory and how it's different from state

BI India Bureau

Jammu and Kashmir, and Ladakh will now be two separate Union Territories

Prabhjote Gill

Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh saw most Internet shutdowns after Jammu and Kashmir in the last 10 years

Sourabh Jain

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