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<keyword id="6355838" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="new-york">New York</keyword>, <keyword id="6367929" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="scientists">Scientists</keyword> have developed a portable saliva-based <keyword id="10425579" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="smartphone-platform">smartphone platform</keyword> for <keyword id="9357536" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="rapid-covid-19-testing">rapid Covid-19 testing</keyword> that they claim can provide results within 15 minutes without the resource-intensive laboratory tests. The new technique detailed in the journal Science Advances pairs a fluorescence microscope readout device with a smartphone to determine viral load from a CRISPR/Cas12a assay. The new test works as effectively as the well-established quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction method, the experiments in a small number of participants showed. "We believe this smartphone platform, a similar future application, offers the potential to rapidly expand Covid-19 screening capacity, and potentially simplify the verification of contact tracing, to improve local containment and inform regional disease control efforts," the authors wrote. Most Covid-19 tests currently require swabbing the upper part of the throat behind the nose -- an uncomfortable process that requires medical professionals in full protective gear to collect samples in airborne infection isolation rooms before running RT-PCR tests. However, recent studies have found that SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for Covid-19, may be equally present in the nasopharynx and the saliva during early infection, suggesting saliva-based Covid-19 tests could enable comparably reliable but simpler, safer testing. To develop a widely accessible platform for saliva-based testing, Bo Ning from Tulane University School of Medicine in the US and colleagues built a prototype assay chip that uses the CRISPR/Cas12a enzyme to enhance an amplified viral RNA target's signal within a saliva sample. They integrated the chip into a smartphone-based fluorescence microscope readout device, which captures and analyses images to determine whether the virus is present above a threshold concentration. The researchers used this design to analyse saliva from 12 patients with Covid-19 and six healthy controls, finding that the approach successfully distinguished between patients with and without the virus. Additionally, the researchers compared nasal and saliva swabs from non-human primates before and after infection. They found higher SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels in the saliva swabs, further suggesting that saliva may provide a robust means of diagnosis after infection. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/dos-and-donts-during-solar-eclipse-surya-grahan/articleshow/76436997.cms">The do’s and don’ts of a Solar Eclipse — here what you need to know to protect yourself</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/solar-eclipse-december-2020-time-date-everything-you-need-to-know/articleshow/79697355.cms">The total solar eclipse and its 'diamond rings' won't be visible in India on December 14</a>

Saliva-based smartphone platform built for rapid COVID-19 testing

By Gurdip Singh Singapore, Jun 9 () Singaporeans have to be "realistic" and prepare themselves for "more challenging times" as the coronavirus is not likely to go away soon, a senior minister said on Tuesday, urging people to stay "disciplined and vigilant" in the fight against COVID-19. Singapore has reported over 38,510 cases and more than 23 deaths due to the disease. "The vast majority of our population have not been exposed to the virus and are still vulnerable to the disease," National Development Minister Lawrence Wong said in a televised address. He said there is no guarantee that the drugs currently undergoing clinical trials will be effective. And despite the intensive international efforts, it will take a long time for any vaccine to be ready and available for mass distribution. "So we have to be realistic and gird ourselves for more challenging times. It is not likely that the virus will go away. Our population will be vulnerable for a long time, in a world where COVID-19 is all around. We must therefore adapt to COVID-19, learn to live with it over the long-term," Wong said. "What's critical is people's behaviour and mindsets. We must stay disciplined and vigilant, and not let our guard down...Conversely, if we are lax in our personal precautions, new cases and new clusters will multiply quickly, and despite our best efforts to test and trace, we might end up in another circuit breaker down the road," the minister noted. As Singapore reopens following a two-month "circuit breaker" period, its ability to control COVID-19 infections has becomes critical, said Wong, who co-chairs the multi-ministry task force on the virus. Wong was speaking at the National Centre for Infectious Diseases, as part of a series of national broadcasts where Cabinet ministers will lay out the nation's plans post-COVID-19. Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong started the series with a broadcast to the nation last Sunday. Wong said Singapore is procuring more COVID-19 test kits, building more laboratory capacity, as well as recruiting and training more laboratory technicians and people to carry out swabs and take blood samples. In April, about 2,000 tests a day were done. The country is now able to conduct about 13,000 tests a day and is "on track" to reach 40,000 tests a day in the coming months, he said. Apart from standard testing methods, Wong said authorities are extracting waste water from manholes to test for viral fragments. "This provides an additional indicator to tell us if a specific group, such as those living in a dormitory, has infected people amongst them," he said. Singapore is also using serology tests to identify those who were previously infected but may have since recovered, and have developed antibodies that can help them fight the virus. GS SCY

COVID-19: Singaporean minister asks people to stay 'disciplined', prepare for 'challenging times'

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/jeanbaptisteparis/2352759712/sizes/z/">www.flickr.com</a></div></div></div>In a story that could come straight out of Total Recall, the Pentagon has started testing the application of running low level electrical currents through soldiers' brains as a replacement for coffee and energy drinks.
The currents, which are targeted to specific areas of the brain, show great potential, although testing has been limited.
Bryan Bender, reporting for the <a href="http://www.bostonglobe.com/news/nation/2014/02/18/air-force-stimulates-brain-waves-improve-performance-drone-operators/V8ZG5DEYze4lCoGlloq14H/story.html">Boston Globe</a>, states:
Early experiments using "noninvasive" brain stimulation have been performed on several dozen volunteers at the Air Force Research Laboratory at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Ohio. The results show the technique improves both alertness and acuity, researchers say.
In one scenario of testing, volunteers - who had been given either caffeine, electrical stimulation, or nothing at all - were kept awake for thirty hours while being tested for wakefulness and vigor.
Those given electrical stimulation reported feeling refreshed at the end of the testing, despite obvious sleep deprivation. Overall, volunteers hooked up to the electrodes performed twice as well as those given nothing.
Surprisingly, volunteers who had been given caffeine performed the worst of all three groups. By the time the 30 hours had passed, the group had "tanked."
As the U.S. military has <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/president-obamas-super-aggressive-drone-war-in-one-graphic-2013-12">become increasingly reliant on drone technology</a>, finding ways to keep pilots alert has become an increasingly pressing matter. Soldiers now can spends hours scanning through uneventful data during a drone flight, leading to a very real possibility of critical slips in vigilance.
Bender notes that "monitoring intense streams of data can quickly become so repetitive - especially when there is no action - that attentiveness and recognition can deteriorate in as little as 20 minutes."
Researchers acknowledge that there has been no real testing done to see the potential long-term effects of using electrical stimulation every day.
Plans to test that at Ohio Air Base are underway, though. 
With advances like this, it may not be too far in the future that consumer electric shocks become the next big thing. After all, it's not the first time people have <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/a-spa-treatment-that-uses-electrical-currents-is-the-latest-weight-loss-fad-2012-7">turned to zapping themselves.</a>

The Pentagon Is Zapping Troops With Electric Shocks To Replace Caffeine

<keyword id="6355838" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="new-york">New York</keyword>, New York Governor <keyword id="196530" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Andrew-Cuomo">Andrew Cuomo</keyword> said that a laboratory has confirmed the state's first case of the new Covid-19 variant, which was first discovered in Britain last month. "An <keyword id="6569973" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="individual">individual</keyword> from Saratoga County, New York, tested <keyword id="6439681" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="positive">positive</keyword> for the <keyword id="6470566" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="strain">strain</keyword>. The individual had no known travel history," Xinhua news agency quoted the Governor as saying in an official statement on Monday. "It's a gentleman who is in his 60s. He was symptomatic, but he is on the mend and he's doing better. He did not travel recently, so this suggests that it's in the <keyword id="11033" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="community">community</keyword>, it was community spread as opposed to having travelled to the UK," he said in the statement. "If you went to the N. Fox Jewelers store in Saratoga Springs from December 18 through December 24 (2020) you should contact us and get a test immediately. "From a public health point of view now it's about contact tracing, and this UK strain is reported to be 70 per cent more contagious than the normal Covid strain. So, we want to make sure we're doing everything we can to do effective contact tracing on this case," he added. The test was conducted at the Wadsworth Center, the research-intensive public health laboratory of the New York State Department of Health (DoH) located in <keyword id="225528" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Albany">Albany</keyword>. On December 22, 2020, the New York state government announced that the Wadsworth Lab had begun aggressive research of the new, highly contagious Covid-19 strain. Wadsworth and the DoH had signed agreements with six hospitals from across the state to obtain additional samples and is continuing to make arrangements with other hospitals to do the same, it said. Meanwhile on Monday, the Governor announced that the total Covid-19 hospitalisations topped 8,000, reaching 8,251 on Sunday in New York state, up from 7,963 the previous day. Meanwhile, of the 134,360 COVID-19 tests reported on Sunday in the state, 11,209 were positive, or 8.34 per cent of the total, up from 7.98 per cent a day earlier, said Cuomo, adding that the fatalities rose to 170 on Sunday, compared with 138 reported the previous day. The last time that the rate topped 8 per cent was on December 29, 2020, reaching 8.66 per cent, according to Governor. "We have the hospital system all across the state being monitored daily and we're having those hospitals do what they need to do to the greatest extent possible within their capacity to manage the surge, what we call surge and flex," Cuomo was quoted as saying in another statement. As of Tuesday morning, New York state has reported 1,069,073 confirmed coronavirus cases and 38,583 deaths, the highest in the country. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/stock-market/news/top-stocks-to-watch-hdfc-tech-mahindra-lt-bajaj-finance-iifl-securities-sun-pharma-and-others/articleshow/80107597.cms">Top stocks to watch — HDFC, Tech Mahindra, L&amp;T, Bajaj Finance, IIFL Securities, Sun Pharma, and others</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/tatas-got-airasia-stake-at-a-20-discount-while-indigo-and-spicejets-value-has-doubled-since-pandemic-broke-out/articleshow/80101467.cms">Tatas got AirAsia stake at a 20% discount while IndiGo and SpiceJet’s value has doubled since pandemic broke out</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/bharat-biotech-sees-rivals-conspiracy-in-all-the-criticism-for-the-approval-for-covaxin/articleshow/80099818.cms">Bharat Biotech sees rivals’ conspiracy in all the criticism for the approval for Covaxin</a>

New York confirms first case of COVID-19 mutant strain

Photo by Ronny Hartmann / AFP via GettyGerman doctor Michael Grosse takes a sample at a drive-thru testing point in Halle, Germany.<ul class="summary-list"><li>Germany's death rate from <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/china-virus-everything-we-know-deadly-2019-ncov-wuhan-spread-2020-1">the coronavirus</a> is substantially lower than that seen in Italy, Spain, and the UK.</li><li>49,603 Germans had tested positive for the coronavirus as of March 27, with 308 deaths. That gives a death rate of 0.62%. Spain's rate is 7.6% and Italy's is 10.2%.</li><li>This is because Germany is testing as many as 120,000 people a week, meaning the number of cases keeps rising while the number of deaths trickle in slowly.</li><li>Germany is also in an early stage of its outbreak, has excellent intensive care facilities, a young average age of infection, and a severe lockdown in place.</li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/?hprecirc-bullet">Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories</a>.</li></ul><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/china-virus-everything-we-know-deadly-2019-ncov-wuhan-spread-2020-1">The coronavirus</a> is ravaging large parts of Europe, with Italy and Spain now the worst-hit countries in the world.But to the north, Germany appears to be bucking the trend.49,603 Germans had tested positive for the coronavirus as of March 27, with 308 deaths, according to the German magazine Zeit. That means Germany has a death rate of 0.62%.The German government officially puts the infection count at 42,288 with 253 deaths <a href="https://www.rki.de/DE/Content/InfAZ/N/Neuartiges_Coronavirus/Fallzahlen.html">as of 8 a.m. local time on March 27</a>. They are behind because each German state reports its own figures sporadically.That rate is far below that of Spain, which is at 7.6%, China at 4.05%, and Italy, which is at 10.2%.It suggests that Germany is doing something right that the others aren't. Here's why Germany seems to be on top of its coronavirus outbreak, and why its able to do things like <a href="https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-health-coronavirus-germany-italy/germany-takes-in-47-coronavirus-patients-from-italy-idUKKBN21D3AJ">take in coronavirus patients from its struggling neighbors</a>.<h2>Test, test, test</h2>The most important factor contributing to the low death rate is that Germany appears to be that it is testing far more people than any other European country.Scientists agree that a large number - probably a big majority - of all coronavirus cases never make it into the official figures because they are not severe enough for hospital treatment.The more widely a country tests, the more of these milder cases it will find.Since the most severe cases are almost always tested, the number of coronavirus deaths will likely stay the same.The net effect is that more testing leads to a lower-looking death rate.Christian Drosten, director of the institute of virology at Berlin's Charité hospital estimates that Germany is testing 120,000 people a week. The German doctors' association says at least 200,000 coronavirus tests were carried out in recent weeks, <a href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/coronavirus-germany-cases-death-toll-italy-spain-bavaria-lockdown-a9424591.html">The Independent reported</a>.REUTERS/Axel SchmidtEmployees in protective clothing do testings for the corona virus at a laboratory in Berlin, Germany, March 26, 2020."I believe that we are just testing much more than in other countries, and we are detecting our outbreak early," Drosten <a href="https://www.npr.org/2020/03/25/820595489/why-germanys-coronavirus-death-rate-is-far-lower-than-in-other-countries">told NPR.</a>"We have a culture here in Germany that is actually not supporting a centralized diagnostic system," Drosten said. "So Germany does not have a public health laboratory that would restrict other labs from doing the tests. So we had an open market from the beginning."As of Thursday, the UK had tested 104,866 people, <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-51943612">according to the BBC</a>, and the US had tested 519,338, <a href="https://covidtracking.com/us-daily/">according to the COVID Tracking Project</a>.Spain and Italy are also not testing anywhere near as much.Claudio Furlan/LaPresse via APA doctor holds aloft a coronavirus test.Spain distributed 650,000 testing kits, but <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/coronavirus-spain-says-rapid-tests-sent-from-china-missing-cases-2020-3">sent back a batch bought from China</a> on Thursday after they discovered they were only identifying 30% of positive cases. It is not yet known how many tests have been carried out there overall.The town of Vó in northern Italy <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/italy-provinces-aggressive-coronavirus-response-leads-to-fewer-cases-2020-3?r=US&amp;IR=T">quashed an outbreak after relentless testing</a>, but the country as a whole has not been able to replicate the phenomenon.On Friday, German newspaper <a href="https://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/coronavirus-tests-strategie-1.4858950">Süeddeutsche Zeitung reported</a> that Germany's Interior Ministry wanted to increase the number of daily tests to 200,000.<h2>A sturdy healthcare system</h2>Germany is in good shape to fight its outbreak because it has a well-developed and comprehensive healthcare system, with both public and private options.Germany spends $4,714.26 per person each year on healthcare, <a href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.XPD.CHEX.PC.CD?most_recent_value_desc=true">according to World Bank data from 2016</a>. The figure is higher than most other nations.Germany has the second-most critical care beds per capita in Europe, <a href="https://gateway.euro.who.int/en/hfa-explorer/">according to data from European Health for All</a>. The beds are essential <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/video-tour-coronavirus-icu-ward-bergamo-italy-worst-apocalyptic-2020-3">when trying to battle severe cases of the coronavirus</a>.Germany has 621 beds per 100,000 people. Italy has 275, and Spain 293.REUTERS/Michele TantussiGerman chancellor Angela Merkel"In general, we have a rather good intensive care situation in Germany," German virologist Martin Stürmer <a href="https://www.vox.com/world/2020/3/27/21196246/coronavirus-germany-death-rate-covid-19-cases-italy-europe">told Vox.</a>"We have highly specialized doctors and facilities, and maybe that's part of the reason why our severely ill patients survive compared to those in other countries."<h2>Old people have by and large avoided infection. </h2>The average age of a German infected with coronavirus is 46, whereas in Italy it is 63, <a href="https://www.wired.co.uk/article/germany-coronavirus-death-rate">according to Wired. </a>Older people <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/who-protect-older-people-from-the-coronavirus-2020-3">are far more likely to die from the coronavirus,</a> and most deaths occur in <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/hypertension-diabetes-conditions-that-make-coronavirus-more-deadly-2020-3">those with preexisting health conditions</a>, which are <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/hypertension-diabetes-conditions-that-make-coronavirus-more-deadly-2020-3">more common in older people.</a>80% of all people infected in Germany are younger than 60, <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-03-24/coronavirus-less-deadly-in-germany-because-of-youthful-patients">the Robert Koch Institute said on Monday</a>, indicating that the outbreak hasn't yet taken hold in older people, where the risk of death is much higher.In Spain the number of affected over-60s is around 50%.<h2>It's early in the cycle</h2>Compared to countries like Spain and Italy, Germany is at an earlier stage of the outbreak."Germany's also a little bit earlier on in the process than Italy," Martin Hibberd, professor of emerging infectious diseases at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, told Wired. "It takes two or three weeks of intensive care before people often succumb to the disease." March 26 was Germany's worst day so far with 6,615 <a href="https://www.spiegel.de/wissenschaft/medizin/coronavirus-grosse-antikoerper-studie-soll-immunitaet-der-deutschen-feststellen-a-c8c64a33-5c0f-4630-bd73-48c17c1bad23?d=1585300132&amp;sara_ecid=soci_upd_wbMbjhOSvViISjc8RPU89NcCvtlFcJ">new cases reported</a>. It seems likely that the daily number of cases will continue to rise. Laura Lezza/Getty ImagesA worker sanitizes the Piazza dei Miracoli near to the Tower of Pisa in Pisa, Italy, on March 17 2020.Angela Merkel said on Thursday that it was too early to ease a lockdown that was put in place on Tuesday, <a href="https://twitter.com/dw_politics/status/1243452368517238784">according to German broadcaster Deutsche Welle.</a> The infection rate was still increasing, Merkel said, but was likely to subside in the first week of April."The death rate in Germany is likely to increase as more older people become infected", Keith Neal, emeritus professor of epidemiology of infectious diseases at the University of Nottingham, told Sky News."The true death rate is probably going to be in the order of 1%."<h2>It enforced a tough lockdown</h2>Germany, like many other countries, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/germany-ban-2-or-more-people-new-coronavirus-rules-2020-3?r=US&amp;IR=T">enforced severe lockdown regulations</a>, which began on March 24.Gatherings were limited to two people, unless they are all members of the same family isolating together.The fine for breaking the rules can be as much as €25,000 ($26,909.)<h2>Future tactics?</h2>On Friday, Germany's Interior Ministry floated the idea of tracking its citizens via their smartphones to see who came into contact with someone infected with the coronavirus, <a href="https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-health-coronavirus-germany/germany-looks-at-tracking-patients-to-rein-in-coronavirus-reports-idUKKBN21E16I">according to Reuters.</a>It's easy to speculate on Germany's success, but some scientists have said that, because the outbreak is unprecedented, the answer may not be clear for some time.Even some experts in German are arguing for caution."We don't know the reason for the lower death rate," Marieke Degen, deputy spokeswoman of the Robert Koch Institute told Vox.Do you have a personal experience with the coronavirus you'd like to share? Or a tip on how your town or community is handling the pandemic? Please email <a href="mailto:covidtips@businessinsider.com">covidtips@businessinsider.com</a> and tell us your story. <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/study-how-long-coronavirus-lasts-on-surfaces-stainless-steel-plastic-2020-3">How long the COVID-19 coronavirus lasts on everyday surfaces</a></h3>

Germany has a remarkably low coronavirus death rate - thanks largely to mass testing, but also culture, luck, and an impressive healthcare system

By Gurdip Singh Singapore, May 18 () An IT glitch in the COVID-19 testing in Singapore resulted in 357 patients receiving an erroneous message informing them that they had tested positive for the coronavirus, prompting authorities to apologise for the mistake, the Ministry of Health said on Monday.A follow-up message was sent to all affected individuals to clarify that the earlier SMS message had been sent in error, and to apologise for any inconvenience and anxiety caused, it said."The messages had been sent due to an IT system testing glitch as we sought to improve the efficiency of our system," the Channel News Asia quoted the ministry as saying.The Ministry added that no confidential information was breached.Two former COVID-19 patients who received the SMS on Saturday told the Channel that they had previously been confirmed as negative and had already been discharged.Another patient said he received the message while he was in the D'Resort community isolation facility. He was confirmed as negative the next day and discharged."On May 16, at about 7pm, 357 patients who had previously tested positive for COVID-19 received an erroneous SMS message informing them that they had tested positive for COVID-19, although they had already been informed earlier," the Ministry said."The Ministry of Health has taken immediate steps to rectify the situation once the error had been detected. A follow-up message was sent to all affected individuals by 10pm to clarify that the earlier SMS message had been sent in error, and to apologise for any inconvenience and anxiety caused," it said.The ministry said that they have reviewed their processes to ensure that a similar error will not recur. Meanwhile, the Ministry said that 303 foreign work permit holders living in dormitories were among the 305 new COVID-19 cases as of Monday, taking the nationwide tally to 28,343.The other two cases are Singaporeans, it said."The lower number of cases today is partly due to fewer tests being processed as one testing laboratory is reviewing its processes following an earlier apparatus calibration issue, and will need time to ramp up its testing capacity," the Ministry said.A total of 495 more cases of COVID-19 infection have been discharged. In all, 9,835 patients have fully recovered from the infection and have been discharged from hospitals or community care facilities, it said.There are currently 1,036 confirmed cases who are still in hospital. Of these, most are stable or improving, and 12 are in critical condition in the intensive care unit. A total of 17,450 are isolated and cared for at community facilities. GS RS RS

Over 300 patients in Singapore receive erroneous message as IT glitch hits COVID-19 testing

Researchers are working on a revolutionary new technology that could be used to power a return trip to Mars without refuelling, using recycled space junk as fuel in the spacecraft. 
 
The rocket propulsion system is heading to the International Space Station (ISS) for a year-long experiment that could revolutionise space travel. 
 Recycling space junk for fuel means huge energy and cost savings, said <keyword id="3701865" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="patrick-neumann">Patrick Neumann</keyword>, former student at the University of Sydney. 
 
The thruster works by accelerating ions from an intensely hot, very small plasma ball. 
 
The record high thrust was obtained by using a magnetic nozzle that further accelerates the ions to give them extremely high velocity. 
 <keyword id="2857349" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Airbus-Defence-Space">Airbus Defence &amp; Space</keyword> has signed a contract with Neumann Space, which is commercially developing the rocket engine, to fly Neumann's payload for long-term testing on the ISS. 
 
Research has not only demonstrated proof-of-concept record efficiencies but also suggested that magnesium, used commonly as a light and strong alloy for space materials and prevalent in space junk orbiting the Earth, could be re-used to fuel the engine in space. 
 
"Our modelling suggests that our pricing would be competitive with other ion drives currently on the market, as our system can be built from current, commercially available components and does not require expensive alloys or finely constructed fuel tanks," Neumann said. 
 
"We also believe that our system can solve many issues in space propulsion, allowing small space vehicles to do more with less," said Neumann. 
 
Professor Marcela Bilek from University of Sydney said the project was a success in the academic sense with the scientific credentials established in August by peer review and hopefully new success in the market place would follow. 
 "In laboratory tests, the system has demonstrated more than 11,000 seconds of specific impulse - with this level of efficiency, it is possible to send missions to Mars, have them perform experiments in Mars orbit, and then bring the spacecraft back to Earth orbit without needing to refuel the spacecraft," <keyword id="1160698" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="David-McKenzie">David McKenzie</keyword> said.

New technology could power return journey to Mars 

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image">Jeff Chiu/APTheranos CEO Elizabeth Holmes</div></div></div>Theranos CEO Elizabeth Holmes just announced <a href="https://news.theranos.com/2016/10/05/an-open-letter-elizabeth-holmes/">via an open letter</a> that the embattled blood testing startup will be closing all of its clinical labs and Wellness Centers, in a move she estimates will impact 340 employees.The move is intended to refocus Theranos on developing its miniLab medical data processing product, Holmes writes, which it first debuted at a scientific conference in August.Following the presentation of the MiniLab, Holmes <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/theranos-scientific-presentation-aacc-conference-2016-8">seemed unable to answer questions from the scientific community</a> about the <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/what-to-expect-when-theranos-presents-data-2016-7">key science behind Theranos and its</a> technology. The labs are located in Arizona, California, and Pennsylvania. Some of them had been opened in Walgreens drug stores, but Walgreens <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/walgreens-cancels-theranos-partnership-2016-6">ended the relationship in June</a> and said it would shut 40 of them down.Here's the full text of Holmes' open letter:"For our stakeholders,After many months spent assessing our strengths and addressing our weaknesses, we have moved to structure our company around the model best aligned with our core values and mission.We have decided to close our clinical labs and Theranos Wellness Centers, which will impact approximately 340 employees in Arizona, California, and Pennsylvania. We are profoundly grateful to these team members, many of whom have devoted years to Theranos and our mission, for their commitment to our company and our guests.We will return our undivided attention to our miniLab platform. Our ultimate goal is to commercialize miniaturized, automated laboratories capable of small-volume sample testing, with an emphasis on vulnerable patient populations, including oncology, pediatrics, and intensive care.We have a new executive team leading our work toward obtaining FDA clearances, building commercial partnerships, and pursuing publications in scientific journals.We are fortunate to have supporters and investors who believe deeply in our mission of affordable, less invasive lab testing, and to have the runway to realize our vision.I look forward to sharing more with you as we progress along the way.Sincerely, Elizabeth Holmes" <div class="margin-top"> <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/river-russia-turned-red-norilisk-blood-serbia-2016-9">A river in Russia has turned red and officials now think they know why</a></h3> <div> <div> <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="05dDNzNTE6jgypddcDLsYr_Y6TMwY40M" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div> </div> </div> </div>

Theranos just laid off 340 workers and is closing all its clinical labs

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Two highly respected French doctors discussed on live television how a potential new treatment against <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/coronavirus-live-updates-latest-news?r=US&amp;IR=T">COVID-19</a> should be first tested in Africa, "where there are no masks, no treatment, nor intensive care."</li><li>One of them, Jean-Paul Mira, even compared Africans to prostitutes who were the focus of previous AIDS studies. "We tried things on prostitutes because they are highly exposed and do not protect themselves," he said.</li><li>Several soccer stars of African origin, including former Chelsea star Didier Drogba and former Barcelona striker Samuel Eto'o, tweeted their outrage at the two medics' remarks.</li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/?hprecirc-bullet">Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories</a>.</li></ul>A discussion between two top French doctors on live TV left viewers horrified when they proposed that Africa should become a giant laboratory for <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/bill-gates-factories-7-different-vaccines-to-fight-coronavirus-2020-4?r=US&amp;IR=T">coronavirus vaccines</a> testing because the continent lacks the resources to defend against the infections.In the segment broadcast on the on French TV channel LCI, Jean-Paul Mira and Camille Locht raised the idea of testing new vaccines on impoverished African populations.Mira is head of the intensive care department at the Cochin Hospital in Paris, while Locht is research director at the French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM)."If I can be provocative," said Mira, "shouldn't we do this study in Africa where there are no masks, no treatment, no intensive care? A bit like we did in some studies on AIDS. We tried things on prostitutes because they are highly exposed and do not protect themselves."Locht agreed, saying: "You are right. We are actually thinking of a parallel study in Africa to use with the same kind of approach with BCG placebos," referring to <a href="https://presse.inserm.fr/en/the-bcg-vaccine-against-covid-19-really/38920/">vaccination</a> against tuberculosis INSERM says has appeared to protect children against infections, particularly respiratory ones."We will in fact think seriously about it," he said.The footage, broadcast on April 1, triggered a deluge of outrage accusing the doctors of white colonial attitudes.Several of Africa's leading footballers, including former Chelsea star Didier Drogba and former Barcelona striker Samuel Eto'o, also tweeted their anger.Drogba, who is from Ivory Coast, <a href="https://twitter.com/didierdrogba/status/1245798251720314880">tweeted</a>: "It is totally inconceivable we keep on cautioning this. Africa isn't a testing lab. I would like to vividly denounce those demeaning, false and most of all deeply racists [sic] words.""Welcome to the West, where white people believe themselves to be so superior that racism and debility become commonplace," <a href="https://twitter.com/dembabafoot/status/1245716208541995008">tweeted Ba, who is from Senegal</a>. "Time to rise."INSERM, ranked as the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCImago_Institutions_Rankings">world's second-best research institution</a> in the health sector, issued an official statement on Twitter alleging the proposal had been "wrongly interpreted" and included as hashtag saying "#FakeNews."On April 2, there more than 6,700 <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/fragile-africa-prepares-for-high-risk-of-coronavirus-spread-2020-2?r=US&amp;IR=T">confirmed cases</a> and 229 deaths of the coronavirus in the entire African continent, with many countries imposing a range of prevention and containment measures against the spread of the pandemic, according to African health officials.France, meanwhile, has logged 59,105 infections and 5,387 deaths.Do you have a personal experience with the coronavirus you'd like to share? Or a tip on how your town or community is handling the pandemic? Please email <a href="mailto:covidtips@businessinsider.com">covidtips@businessinsider.com</a> and tell us your story.And get the latest <a href="/coronavirus-business-impact">coronavirus analysis and research</a> from Business Insider Intelligence on how COVID-19 is impacting businesses.

2 top French doctors said on live TV that coronavirus vaccines should be tested on poor Africans, leaving viewers horrified

Courtesy of Team LottoNL-JumboGeorge Bennett, who in May won North America's biggest bike race, the Tour of California, says he's used Ember as part of his training for the Tour de France.In a first for the <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/category/tour-de-france">Tour de France</a>, a professional cycling team is using a blood-testing technology that almost instantly tells riders how their bodies are reacting to training and racing, and it could change how the world's best bike racers prepare for target events.The device, called <a href="http://www.cercacor.com/ember-models" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Ember</a>, is made by California-based <a href="http://www.cercacor.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Cercacor Laboratories</a> and tracks hemoglobin and other biomarkers. It was launched last year at the Consumer Electronics Show, but this is the fist time a full pro cycling team, <a href="https://www.teamlottojumbo.com/Cycling" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">LottoNL-Jumbo</a>, is using the device at the sport's highest level.Unlike a traditional test that draws a drop of blood with a finger prick, Ember uses only light waves, so it's noninvasive. Riders insert a finger into a clip sensor, and the device measures the flow of blood through arteries using LED technology and algorithms.This use of LED technology has already been shown to work effectively <a href="https://www.washington.edu/news/2016/09/07/hemaapp-screens-for-anemia-blood-conditions-without-needle-sticks/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">in other kinds of blood tests</a>, such as those that screen for conditions like anemia.Ember, which the company refers to as "essentially a pocket laboratory," is smaller than an iPhone and connects via Bluetooth to a phone or tablet.<a href="http://www.cercacor.com/technology">Courtesy of Cercacor</a>Whereas it used to take days or weeks to get test results, Ember gives riders data about their bodies on their phone screens within 90 seconds. It comes in two versions, Ember Sport Premium ($700) and Ember Sport ($400).<h2>Optimizing high-altitude training</h2>Ember measures hemoglobin, oxygen content, oxygen saturation, perfusion index, pleth-variability index, pulse rate, and respiration rate. A key biomarker for endurance athletes is hemoglobin, the protein contained in red blood cells responsible for delivery of oxygen to tissues.The concentration of red blood cells, known as hematocrit, can be an important indicator of cycling performance. Generally, the higher a rider's hematocrit, the better the rider will perform. It's why many of the world's top cyclists train at high altitude to boost their hematocrit before big races like the Tour.Courtesy of Team LottoNL-JumboTeam LottoNL-Jumbo training for the Tour de France.While training in the high mountains does help boost hematocrit, it hasn't always been easy or convenient for teams to measure the effectiveness of altitude training. Getting regular blood tests the traditional way is also expensive.Cercacor says that by tracking riders' levels of hemoglobin and other biomarkers when they wake up, after workouts, and before they go to sleep, Ember lets the athletes measure their bodies' response to the duration and intensity of training, recovery time, and elevation and adjust their programs as needed.<a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtPg7ePny_RlKgvzi0zSBAw">YouTube/Cercacor Laboratories</a>With Ember, athletes insert a finger into a clip sensor that measures the flow of blood through arteries using LED technology and algorithms.The data can help riders decide with greater accuracy whether they should rest more, maintain their training program, or train harder. It also helps teams decide how much altitude training is sufficient and how long the effects of altitude training will last once back down at sea level, which can be game-changing when fine-tuning the body for target events.Cercacor says Vassilis Mougios, a professor of biochemistry at the University of Thessaloniki, has worked with the company and run several <a href="http://www.cercacor.com/posture-affects-hemoglobin" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">studies with athletes who use Ember</a>. It also said it held a roundtable in January in Boulder, Colorado, at <a href="https://www.trainingpeaks.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">TrainingPeaks</a>' headquarters with well-known cycling coaches, including Ben Day and Neal Henderson, to get feedback about Ember and the app. Cercacor says it is planning to incorporate changes based on their input.The Netherlands-registered Team LottoNL-Jumbo said several of its athletes had been using Ember while training for the Tour and other races this season. The team can tweak riders' training programs, build a historical record, and segment and track the team's collective data.Mathieu Heijboer, the head of performance for LottoNL-Jumbo, says he began using Ember with some of his riders to help assess daily recovery during a three-week training bloc at altitude before racing in the recent <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/category/giro-ditalia">Giro d'Italia</a>, where one of its riders, Jos van Emden, won the final-stage time trial.<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qiyXl3_-6JM">YouTube/Cercacor Laboratories</a>Ember calculates hemoglobin and pulse rate in 90 seconds.While the team was at altitude, Heijboer said, he saw that riders' subjective feedback about how they felt each morning - regarding pain, readiness, and so forth - actually matched their hemoglobin numbers consistently, though that is obviously anecdotal and not scientific."When a rider felt tired or less strong, his hemoglobin values were below baseline," the team said. "The opposite was also true."<h2>Fine-tuning for the Tour</h2>Courtesy of Team LottoNL-JumboTeam LottoNL-Jumbo.George Bennett said he used Ember while training for May's <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/beautiful-motion-activated-images-of-cyclists-created-microsoft-kinect-2017-6">Tour of California</a>, which he won."My season has been built around specific targets, using altitude camps as a major part of my build up for each goal," Bennett said. "I have been able to track my progress and the effectiveness of each altitude block as well as help my recovery and adaption using the Ember device."A spokesman for Cercacor told Business Insider that the company had a one-year partnership with LottoNL-Jumbo. While Cercacor provides the team with Ember devices, he added, it does not pay the team to use the product.The Tour de France starts July 1 in Düsseldorf, Germany, and ends July 23 in Paris. Bennett is expected to join Robert Gesink as LottoNL-Jumbo's two leaders.Cercacor told Business Insider that both riders used Ember at a pre-Tour training camp and that the team would use Ember during the three-week race to test its riders' hemoglobin levels and the other biomarkers.Watch the Ember video below: <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/best-gym-routine-abs-quick-body-weight-workout-circuit-conbody-coss-marte-2017-6">Here's a simple no-weights workout that could lead to real results</a></h3> Please enable Javascript to watch this video

A 'pocket lab' that tests blood instantly could be a game changer for Tour de France cyclists

Welcome to <a href="http://newsletter.businessinsider.com/join/4np/dispensed-daily">Dispensed Daily</a>, your daily dose of <keyword id="6354525" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="healthcare">healthcare</keyword> news from Business Insider's healthcare editor Lydia Ramsey Pflanzer and the healthcare team. <a href="http://newsletter.businessinsider.com/join/4np/dispensed-daily">Subscribe here to get this newsletter in your inbox every weekday.</a>Hello,In today's <keyword id="6265204" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="dispensed">Dispensed</keyword>: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/convalescent-plasma-hyperimmune-globulin-treatment-coronavirus-patients-2020-8">a recap of how convalescent plasma works</a>, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/children-aged-12-and-over-should-wear-masks-who-says-2020-8">World Health Organization guidance on kids and masks,</a> and <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/40-million-rapid-covid-antigen-tests-available-september-less-accurate-2020-8">15-minute coronavirus antigen tests are coming.</a>Plus, telehealth company American Well <a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1393584/000119312520228478/d943395ds1.htm">dropped its S-1</a>. We'll be keeping tabs as the company looks to hold its initial public offering in the coming weeks. <h3><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/convalescent-plasma-hyperimmune-globulin-treatment-coronavirus-patients-2020-8"><div type="image" title="Convalescent plasma covid 19" height="3332" width="4443" msid="77743922" hostid="261"></div></a></h3><h3><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/convalescent-plasma-hyperimmune-globulin-treatment-coronavirus-patients-2020-8">The FDA just authorized convalescent plasma treatments for coronavirus patients — here's how the blood transfusions work</a></h3><ul><li>The FDA just issued an emergency authorization for <keyword id="8956772" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="convalescent-plasma">convalescent plasma</keyword> treatment for <keyword id="8763838" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="covid-19">COVID-19</keyword>.</li><li>The therapy involves treating sick patients with the blood of those who have already recovered.</li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/covid-19-plasma-treatment-takeda-alliance-development-timeline-2020-6">Convalescent plasma is also the basis for a drug, hyperimmune globulin, which would deliver consistent antibody levels to patients.</a></li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/convalescent-plasma-hyperimmune-globulin-treatment-coronavirus-patients-2020-8">But more research is needed to show the treatment is fully safe and effective. </a></li></ul><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/convalescent-plasma-hyperimmune-globulin-treatment-coronavirus-patients-2020-8">Read the full story from Aria Bendix here&gt;&gt;</a><h3><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/children-aged-12-and-over-should-wear-masks-who-says-2020-8"><div type="image" title="Linda Mejia, 24, puts a mask on her two-year-old daughter Linda at California Hospital Medical Center’s Hope Street Margolis Family Center, amid the outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), in Los Angeles" height="3644" width="4859" msid="77743927" hostid="261"></div></a></h3><h3><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/children-aged-12-and-over-should-wear-masks-who-says-2020-8">The WHO just released specific mask guidance for kids as they gear up to return to school: children 12 and older should wear them as adults do</a></h3><ul><li>The World Health Organization just released guidance on whether kids should wear masks. </li><li>It's broken down into age groups: kids older than 12 should wear them, kids younger than 6 shouldn't, and for kids in between, it depends on a handful of factors.</li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/children-aged-12-and-over-should-wear-masks-who-says-2020-8">Mask-wearing has been a point of confusion for parents, since children don't tend to get intense coronavirus symptoms, but are nonetheless getting infected in huge numbers.</a></li></ul><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/children-aged-12-and-over-should-wear-masks-who-says-2020-8">Read the full story from Blake Dodge here&gt;&gt;</a><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/40-million-rapid-covid-antigen-tests-available-september-less-accurate-2020-8"><div type="image" title="covid testing czar giroir " height="1560" width="2081" msid="77743935" hostid="261"></div></a><h3><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/40-million-rapid-covid-antigen-tests-available-september-less-accurate-2020-8">Millions of coronavirus tests that can deliver results in 15 minutes will be available in September, but they're less accurate</a></h3><ul><li>Millions of rapid <keyword id="1754604" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="coronavirus">coronavirus</keyword> tests are slated to become available to people across the US next month.</li><li>The tests, which can yield results in around 15 minutes, are cheap and easy to produce, and require no lab work.</li><li>But they are generally not as accurate as laboratory PCR tests, and may need to be performed several times to get an accurate read on whether someone is actually sick.</li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/40-million-rapid-covid-antigen-tests-available-september-less-accurate-2020-8">"I would still say that distancing and outdoor air are your best friends," one expert said. </a></li></ul><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/40-million-rapid-covid-antigen-tests-available-september-less-accurate-2020-8">Read the full story from Hilary Brueck here&gt;&gt;</a>More stories we're reading:<ul><li><a href="https://fortune.com/2020/08/18/facebook-nyu-discover-mri-scans/">Facebook and NYU found a way to make MRI's faster</a> (Fortune)</li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-asteroid-headed-toward-earth-before-november-election-2020-8">NASA: A fridge-size asteroid is headed toward Earth one day before the November election</a> (Business Insider)</li><li><a href="https://www.statnews.com/2020/08/24/straight-talk-on-the-fdas-tumultuous-weekend-and-new-questions-about-its-independence/">Stat News' Adam Feuerstein and Matthew Herper on the FDA's decision to give convalescent plasma emergency use authorization</a> (Stat News) </li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/science-debunked-6-myths-about-masks-stop-believing-them-2020-8">Wearing a mask doesn't reduce your oxygen levels, and 6 other mask myths you should stop believing now</a> (Business Insider)</li></ul>See you tomorrow! In the meantime, find me at <a href="mailto:lramsey@businessinsider.com">lramsey@businessinsider.com.</a><a href="http://newsletter.businessinsider.com/join/4np/dispensed-daily">Subscribe to this newsletter here.</a>- Lydia

What you need to know about convalescent plasma

<ul class="summary-list"><li><keyword id="72226" type="COMPANY" weightage="60" keywordseo="New-York-City">New York City</keyword> has been the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/coronavirus-covid-19-deaths-bodies-morgue-storage-capacity-maxed-out-2020-3">epicenter of the coronavirus outbreak</a> in the US — at least 50,000 New Yorkers have been hospitalized.</li><li>Since March 1, the city has reported nearly 200,000 cases and more than 16,000 deaths.</li><li>A new study offers insight into what happens to critically ill <keyword id="1754604" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="coronavirus">coronavirus</keyword> patients. It found that 40% of those people died within 15 days of being admitted to a hospital. </li></ul>New York City has reported about 13% of the US's 1.5 million <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/coronavirus-live-updates-latest-news">coronavirus</a> cases.More than 200,000 people in the city have been infected (though that's only those who have been tested), and at least 16,000 have died — that's more than 17% of all confirmed US deaths from <keyword id="8763838" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="covid-19">COVID-19</keyword>.In <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/action/showPdf?pii=S0140-6736%2820%2931189-2">a new study</a>, published Tuesday in The Lancet, researchers examined what happened to the sickest New Yorkers after they were admitted to the hospital with COVID-19.They found that, of a cohort of 257 critically ill New York City residents treated at two Manhattan hospitals, 39% died. On average, that happened nine days after they were admitted. Another 37% of patients with severe cases were still in the hospital after four weeks of treatment.<h2>Men, people with obesity, and those who have underlying conditions face a higher risk of critical illness</h2>The study authors looked at 1,150 New York City adults with confirmed COVID-19 cases who were admitted to two hospitals affiliated with the Columbia University Irving Medical Center between March 2 and April 1. Using medical records and laboratory test results, the researchers tracked those patients for at least 28 days.Of that group, 257 became critically ill and were admitted to intensive care units. Two of every five critically ill patients ended up dying in the hospital, between five and 15 days after being admitted. About 80% needed to be placed on a ventilator, and they stayed on that support for an average of 18 days.The average age of the critically ill patients was 62, and 62% were Hispanic or Latino. About 67% were men. <div type="image" title="new york coronavirus" height="1001" width="1500" msid="75857640" hostid="261"></div>More than 80% of the patients had at least one underlying <keyword id="6354750" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="health">health</keyword> condition, the most common of which were high blood pressure and diabetes. Nearly half had obesity.<h2 id="new-york-city-cases,-hospitalizations,-and-deaths-by-age">New York City cases, hospitalizations, and deaths by age</h2>New York City's Department of Health and Mental Hygiene <a href="https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/doh/downloads/pdf/imm/covid-19-daily-data-summary.pdf">releases daily summaries</a> of COVID-19 cases, deaths, and hospitalizations across the city. Here's the current breakdown:<div type="image" title="Cases in NYC by age" height="1099" width="1668" msid="75857642" hostid="261"></div>New Yorkers older than 75 have the highest number of COVID-19 cases per capita, as well as the highest coronavirus-related hospitalization rate: 62%. The death rate in that age bracket — which is calculated by dividing the number of fatalities by the number of total cases — is more than 34%. <div type="image" title="Coronavirus New York City" height="1333" width="2000" msid="75857644" hostid="261"></div>City residents between 65 and 74 years old have the next-highest hospitalization rate: about 47%. That age group's death rate, however, is less than half that of New Yorkers older than 75.The data also shows that New Yorkers younger than 17 face less risk — just 9% of their cases involved hospitalization, and only 10 died. More than 630 New York residents under 45 have been killed by the virus.The chart does not tell the full story of New York City's coronavirus outbreak, however, as it does not include the 4,828 "probably COVID-19" deaths that have not been confirmed by a positive laboratory test. Additionally, due to limited test availability earlier in the outbreak, New Yorkers were told not to seek tests unless their cases were severe, so many were not included in the official totals.<h2 id="a-further-breakdown-of-nyc-cases">A further breakdown of New York City cases</h2><div type="image" title="coronavirus doctors new york" height="2667" width="4000" msid="75857646" hostid="261"></div>As of Tuesday, 51% of New York City's coronavirus cases were in men, according <a href="https://github.com/nychealth/coronavirus-data/blob/master/by-sex.csv">to data from city health officials</a>.About 31% (more than 58,000 cases) were reported in Queens. Brooklyn's cases make up 27% of the city's total, followed by the Bronx, which has 23%. Manhattan has about 12% of the city's cases, while Staten Island has about 7%.In the last two weeks, the number of new coronavirus cases per day in New York City has leveled off. Some parts of the state began to reopen Friday.Read the original article on <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/new-york-coronavirus-study-severe-cases-death-rate-2020-5">Business Insider</a>

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