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When it comes to talking to children, many of us might instinctively simplify or even "dumb down" our language. But treating kids like they’re incapable of handling complexity can be more damaging than we realise. This practice, often labelled as "<keyword id="23912121" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="infantilisation" source="keywords">infantilisation</keyword>," stems from a form of age-based bias known as <em>adultism</em>, where society assumes that children lack the capability to engage meaningfully with complex issues. Yet, research increasingly suggests that children, if given the chance, can think critically, contribute insights, and show remarkable understanding — even on major topics like environmental ethics and social justice.<br /><h2>Full-fledged citizens</h2>Infantilising children can have several negative consequences, including undermining their self-confidence, stifling independence, and causing emotional dependence. Natalie M. Fletcher, a philosophy professor, argues that infantilising children restricts their potential to become active contributors in society. "Children are full-fledged citizens and not just future members of society," she points out. She highlights that children often have valuable perspectives, particularly on issues like friendship, where their thoughts are sometimes more nuanced than adults’ because these relationships are central to their lives.<br /><br />In her work, Fletcher emphasises that denying children the chance to engage in thoughtful dialogue can lead to the exclusion of a valuable dimension of knowledge and understanding, limiting society as a whole. Encouraging philosophical dialogue in children can empower them to see themselves as agents of change rather than passive future citizens.<br /><h2>Kids need complex conversations</h2>Infantilisation not only hinders mental and emotional development but also impacts children's ability to think independently. Experts warn that children constantly treated as incapable of handling complexity may struggle to develop essential skills like critical thinking and self-reliance. They might become overly dependent on authority figures, leading to low self-esteem and a reduced sense of autonomy as they mature. Encouraging children to express themselves and engage with challenging topics, on the other hand, supports their social and emotional growth, fostering resilience and independence.<br /><br />Additionally, infantilising children often stems from a desire to shield them from life’s complexities, particularly from “adult” topics like <keyword id="6361617" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="climate-change" source="Orion">climate change</keyword>. Fletcher argues, however, that children should be allowed to discuss issues like environmental justice, as they are the ones who will ultimately inherit the outcomes of today’s decisions. Children dealing with eco-anxiety, for example, benefit from having open dialogues about environmental concerns, which helps them feel empowered rather than overwhelmed.<br /><h2>Raising independent thinkers, not passive followers</h2>In Fletcher’s educational charity, Brila, children as young as five engage in philosophical discussions that promote critical thinking and active listening. This approach has been shown to help children view themselves as proactive thinkers. While parents may feel compelled to protect their kids from "too much too soon," providing age-appropriate explanations can prevent feelings of helplessness, giving kids the tools they need to become thoughtful, capable adults.<br /><br />As adults, fostering independence and <keyword id="23912120" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="critical-thinking-in-children" source="keywords">critical thinking in children</keyword> means embracing their ability to understand more than we may expect. Treating kids like the complex, capable individuals they are doesn't just support their growth — it strengthens society as a whole. Encouraging kids to share their thoughts and respecting their input can lead to a future generation that's better equipped to face and solve the challenges of tomorrow.<br />

Talking to your child like they’re a kid? Here’s why you might be doing more harm than good

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More than a decade after the <keyword id="19965654" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="fukushima" source="keywords">Fukushima</keyword> Daiichi disaster sent shockwaves around the world, a new milestone has emerged from the rubble — Tokyo Electric Power Company’s (<keyword id="19965656" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="tepco" source="keywords">TEPCO</keyword>) groundbreaking robot successfully grabbed a tiny piece of melted nuclear fuel, a small but significant step in the colossal task of decommissioning the plant.<br /><h2>The 2011 <keyword id="700300" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="fukushima-disaster" source="Orion">Fukushima disaster</keyword>: What happened?</h2>On March 11, 2011, a powerful 9.0-magnitude <keyword id="6362774" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="earthquake" source="Orion">earthquake</keyword> struck off the coast of Japan, triggering a massive <keyword id="42570" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="tsunami" source="Orion">tsunami</keyword> that swept over the northeastern coast of the country. The <keyword id="23791543" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="fukushima-daiichi-nuclear-power-plant" source="keywords">Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant</keyword>, located in this area, was hit hard by the tsunami. This disaster caused the plant’s critical cooling systems to fail, leading to a series of <keyword id="23791545" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="meltdowns" source="keywords">meltdowns</keyword> in three of its reactors. The meltdown resulted in the release of hazardous radioactive materials into the air and surrounding environment, forcing the evacuation of nearby residents and creating a serious health and environmental crisis.<br /><br />The accident left an estimated 880 tons of radioactive fuel debris inside the plant’s damaged reactors. This highly radioactive material solidified into a dangerously unstable mixture, requiring years of preparation and research to safely begin removal.<br /><h2>The role of the ‘Telesco’ robot</h2>For the first time since the disaster, TEPCO has successfully extracted a sample of this molten fuel using a specialised robot called "Telesco." Shaped somewhat like a fishing rod, Telesco was equipped with tongs at its end to grip a piece of debris no larger than a granola bit. Despite being only about 5 millimetres in size, this small piece represents a significant achievement, as it marks the first physical retrieval of melted fuel from the reactor since 2011.<br /><br />This mission wasn’t without its challenges. Initially planned to take only two weeks, the operation faced several delays. Early on, a procedural mistake paused the mission for nearly three weeks. Later, the robot’s cameras — which operators relied on for navigation — failed, forcing the robot to be removed from the reactor for repairs. Once these technical issues were resolved, Telesco was able to carefully clip a small piece of the fuel from a mound of molten debris on the bottom of the Unit 2 reactor.<br /><h2>Why this small sample matters</h2>TEPCO officials emphasise that even this tiny piece of fuel debris could provide crucial data to help refine the decommissioning strategy for the plant. Testing the radioactivity levels of the sample will help researchers understand the current condition of the melted fuel. By studying it, scientists hope to improve robotic technology and techniques for dealing with radioactive material and gain insights into the meltdown’s progress, making future retrieval operations safer and more effective.<br /><br />This success may also boost confidence in TEPCO’s long-term decommissioning plans, though experts caution that the target timeline of 30-40 years might be overly optimistic given the scale of the remaining work. TEPCO has not yet outlined a concrete plan for the complete removal or disposal of the fuel debris, but ongoing technological advances may soon bring a clearer path to resolution.<h2>Challenges and the road ahead</h2>The Fukushima cleanup effort is one of the most complex nuclear decommissioning projects in history, requiring significant innovation. Robots like Telesco are vital, as high <keyword id="31246" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="radiation" source="Orion">radiation</keyword> levels prevent human workers from entering the reactors directly. However, each small success comes with a new set of challenges, including handling the radioactive material and finding safe, long-term storage solutions.<br /><br />In the future, TEPCO plans to continue developing and deploying robotic technologies to safely retrieve and manage the remaining fuel. While full decommissioning might take longer than initially projected, the commitment to advancing nuclear safety and managing past mistakes remains strong.<br />

Breakthrough at Fukushima: Robot retrieves melted nuclear fuel fragment 13 years after tsunami disaster

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Get ready to meet the newest member of the <keyword id="23571544" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="food-science" source="keywords">food science</keyword> family: an <keyword id="23571543" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="artificial-tongue" source="keywords">artificial tongue</keyword> that’s making waves (or should we say, moves?) in the world of <keyword id="23571545" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="soft-food-processing" source="keywords">soft food processing</keyword>! This nifty gadget mimics real tongue movements, offering a groundbreaking way to understand how we enjoy our favorite soft treats.<br /><br />The artificial mouth features a silicone tongue designed to replicate the natural elasticity, wettability, and roughness of a human tongue. Powered by three inflatable and deflatable cavities that dance to the rhythm of compressed air, it can perform a variety of movements just like the real thing. With data gathered from Fujita Health University, researchers programmed the tongue to simulate the contractions and motions observed in living subjects, making it a game changer in <keyword id="23571547" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="food-research" source="keywords">food research</keyword>.<br /><br />In a tasty test run, the artificial mouth took on some soft food classics: a creamy dessert, a chocolate mousse, and a chocolate fondant. The results were impressive! The food boluses it created were strikingly similar to those chewed up by healthy volunteers, matching up in firmness, adhesive properties, and viscosity. This means that the artificial mouth can accurately recreate the dynamics of <keyword id="23571548" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="oral-processing" source="keywords">oral processing</keyword>, giving scientists valuable insights into how we interact with food.<br />  <div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="114212360" title="Always busy or love over-working? You might actually be hurting your brain and reducing creativity" mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div>But why does all this matter? With the global population on the rise and an increasing number of individuals facing age-related challenges like sarcopenia (muscle loss) or difficulties with salivation and swallowing, there’s a pressing need for food products that cater to these specific <keyword id="22220318" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="dietary-requirements" source="keywords">dietary requirements</keyword>. Current in vitro models often fall short, lacking the anatomical accuracy needed for effective product development. That’s where this artificial tongue comes in — offering a more precise and adaptable tool for researchers looking to create innovative food options.<br /><br />And the fun doesn’t stop there! The team is already looking ahead to future designs that will incorporate chewing, making this artificial mouth even more versatile. Imagine a world where our food can be designed and tested with the help of a “tongue” that truly knows its stuff! With this incredible invention, the future of food science looks not just smart but also deliciously exciting!<br /><br />The findings of this research have been published in <em>Scientific Reports </em>and can be accessed <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-73629-9">here</a>.<br />

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Research Institute (<keyword id="20370739" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="cmfri" source="keywords">CMFRI</keyword>) have successfully deciphered the genome of the <keyword id="23138296" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="asian-green-mussel" source="Orion">Asian green mussel</keyword> (Perna viridis), a discovery poised to revolutionise the understanding of this vital <keyword id="662896" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="marine-species" source="Orion">marine species</keyword>. This is the first-ever <keyword id="184804" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="chromosome" source="Orion">chromosome</keyword> level genome sequencing of a marine invertebrate species from India.<br /><br />Earlier, CMFRI had come out with a similar genome finding for Indian oil sardine. The Asian green mussel, Kallummakkaya in local parlance, is an important aquaculture species in the family Mytilidae contributing substantially to molluscan aquaculture.<br /><br />CMFRI's research found that the mussel's genome contains 723.49 Mb in size and is anchored into 15 chromosomes, according to a CMFRI release here on Thursday. The research was published in the journal <em>Scientific Data</em> by Nature Group.<br /><br />"The development will be a game-changer in boosting sustainable mussel aquaculture in the country, as this research will help gain insights into its growth, reproduction and disease resistance", said Dr Grinson George, Director of CMFRI. The findings will benefit the aquaculture sector by improving genomic selection and breeding practices, leading to enhanced productivity and resilience in fisheries, he added.<br /><br />A team of researchers from CMFRI led by Principal Scientist Dr Sandhya Sukumaran carried out this study with funding support from the Department of Biotechnology (DBT), New Delhi. The team includes Dr A Gopalakrishnan, V G Vysakh, Dr Wilson Sebastian, Dr Lalitha Hari Dharani, Dr Akhilesh Pandey, Dr Abishek Kumar and Dr J K Jena. According to scientists, this will help develop new strategies to combat diseases in the mussel.<br /><br />"Genomic investigations on this species are vital to understand genes, gene combinations and signaling pathways leading to the parasitic diseases, which constitute a major threat to Asian green mussel aquaculture in India causing substantial mortalities in farms," said Dr Sandhya Sukumaran. According to the scientists, the genome assembly of green mussels will emerge as a valuable tool for exploring <keyword id="6355291" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="cancer" source="Orion">cancer</keyword> mechanisms and developing new therapeutic strategies.<br /><br />"A total of 49654 protein-coding genes were identified, including 634 genes associated with the cancer pathway and 408 genes associated with viral carcinogenesis. This indicates that this species is a novel model organism for cancer research," Sukumaran said.<br /><br />This advancement promises to significantly enhance our understanding of cancer pathways and facilitate the discovery of novel treatments, she added. Apart from its aquaculture prospects, Asian green mussels play a vital role as a bio-monitor as it is capable of accumulating heavy metals and other environmental pollutants in large quantities. Understanding the genome assembly will provide valuable information about the genomic pathways involved in response to pollutants.<br /><br />"The genetic markers to be developed from this research could be used to monitor pollutants in aquatic bodies, a significant milestone in safeguarding the aquatic environment," Sandhya said.<br /><br />Scientists believe that the genome decoding of this species would enhance knowledge regarding the effect of environmental pollutants on biological systems, as this bivalve is adaptable to local environmental stressors like variations in pH, temperature, salinity and air exposure.

CMFRI scientists crack genetic code of Asian green mussel

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In a twist that might make your head spin faster than a record at a 1960s party, scientists are now exploring the idea of helping <keyword id="19993692" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="drug-addicts" source="keywords">drug addicts</keyword> recover — by giving them more drugs. Yes, you read that correctly. But before you start imagining a government-sponsored rave, let’s dive into what’s really going on.<br /><h2>From party to <keyword id="20006832" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="therapy" source="keywords">therapy</keyword></h2>Psychedelic substances, those mind-bending, reality-distorting compounds that were once the darlings of the counterculture movement, are making a serious comeback — not in dingy basements with lava lamps and tie-dye, but in clinical settings. Researchers are giving these “party drugs” a second chance, this time as potential lifesavers for those struggling with <keyword id="19944467" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="addiction" source="keywords">addiction</keyword>.<br /><div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="112562297" title="From forged documents to ‘Ketamine queen’, here are the latest updates around Friends star Matthew Perry’s death" mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div><keyword id="20451438" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="psychedelics" source="keywords">Psychedelics</keyword>, for those who skipped the wild 60s or prefer their evenings unenhanced by hallucinogens, are substances that can dramatically alter a person’s perceptions and thoughts. Indigenous cultures have been onto these tricks for millennia, using psychedelic plants in spiritual rituals and healing practices. Western researchers briefly flirted with the idea in the mid-20th century, but their romance with psychedelics fizzled out once the United States government’s “war on drugs” crashed the party.<br /><h2>The great psychedelic revival</h2>Fast forward to today, and psychedelics are getting a second look. Drugs like psilocybin (the active ingredient in those famous “magic mushrooms”), <keyword id="6475949" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="ketamine" source="Orion">ketamine</keyword>, and <keyword id="20086532" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="mdma" source="keywords">MDMA</keyword> (yes, ecstasy) are being studied as part of a treatment approach known as <keyword id="22921339" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="psychedelic-assisted-therapy" source="keywords">psychedelic-assisted therapy</keyword>. The basic idea is to administer these drugs in small, controlled doses under medical supervision, and then follow up with some good old-fashioned talk therapy.<br /><br />Incredibly, results are actually promising at the moment — at least in small trials. Researchers have found that psychedelic-assisted therapy can help people with alcohol dependence, opioid addiction, and other <keyword id="22187523" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="substance-use-disorders" source="keywords">substance use disorders</keyword> achieve higher rates of abstinence than traditional therapy alone. What’s more, the effects are fast. While conventional treatment might take months, patients in these trials have reported lasting benefits after just one to three sessions. Yes, you could be on your way to sobriety faster than it takes to binge-watch a season of your favourite show.<br /><h2>The science behind it</h2>But how, you might wonder, isn’t drug-assisted therapy like throwing a drowning person a glass of water? According to addiction expert Dominique Morisano people with substance use disorders often use drugs to hide from their inner demons. Psychedelic-assisted therapy, on the other hand, seems to “lift the veil” and give people insights — those “lightbulb moments” that can spark real change.<br /><div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="112456112" title="Researchers discover anti-diabetic herb on Brahmayoni Hill in Gaya, Bihar" mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div>When on these mind-changing drugs, patients might suddenly feel empowered, better able to cope with their emotions, and more motivated to make healthier choices. While no one knows exactly how psychedelics pull off this trick, one theory is that they promote “neuroplasticity” — basically, rewiring the brain in a way that supports recovery.<br /><h2>Don’t try this at home, kids</h2>Now, before you go out and buy a ticket to the next music festival with plans to heal your soul, it’s important to note that this isn’t a DIY solution. The therapy part of psychedelic-assisted therapy is crucial — think of it as the safety net that makes the whole high-wire act possible. Morisano warns against the growing trend of “microdosing” on your own, emphasising that the psychotherapy component is key to the treatment’s success.<br /><br />In other words, like any powerful medicine, they need to be used correctly. And that means under the guidance of professionals, with a lot more research to figure out which substances and protocols work best.<br /><br />The findings of this research have been published in the Journal<em> of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs </em>and can be accessed <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.15288/jsad.24-00208">here</a>.<br />

Scientists want to help drug addicts recover — by giving them psychedelics

<keyword id="20359078" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="newspapers" source="keywords">Newspapers</keyword> were rated as the most <keyword id="22860926" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="credible-news-source" source="keywords">credible news source</keyword>, not only for older but younger <keyword id="22860927" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="readers" source="keywords">readers</keyword> too, according to a study by Humanify, a technology-based research platform. Older aged respondents, gave higher scores to newspapers, citing concerns around fake news and conspiracy theories on internet and social media channels, while as many as half the younger readers, (aged less than 30 years), also favoured newspapers even over channels such as TV, social media and websites as sources of news.<br /><br />While findings seem to underscore enduring trust in traditional media even in the digital age, the study which was conducted on Humanify's app, also showed high preference on receiving the news digitally. Of the total readers, 84.1% reporting a good preference for the digital format, also reflected by the older (&gt;30 years) readers.<br /><br />The top reason for preference of a digital delivery was convenience, with 93.2% scoring the digital format high on convenience. Top reasons for this were easy access to digital media, especially news consumption out of home and while commuting. Interestingly, there were also mentions around how a digital medium would be more sustainable and planet friendly than newspaper prints, reflecting an emerging concern for the planet and <keyword id="20224417" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="sustainable-living" source="keywords">sustainable living</keyword>.<br /><br />"While the preference for digital delivery is expected, it's heartening to see that legacy newspapers can still find relevance even with younger readers, by adapting to digital formats," said Geetika Kambli, Founder at Humanify. "The study was run on Humanify's app, capturing conversations by readers around their preferred reading habits, and using AI to convert this unstructured data into a research report in minutes. AI is redefining the way we experience products and express our feelings about them. If we choose to use it well, it can give us the transparency we need, around how we read and decode insights," says Geetika. <br /><br />The report also noted that readers appreciated <keyword id="22860929" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="local-news-coverage" source="keywords">local news coverage</keyword>, indicating an emerging trend towards localisation and customisation in news consumption. The study was run on a sample of randomly selected readers based in Mumbai. Respondents were approached across ages 18-50, and across genders. All readers were interviewed to confirm their readership preferences, and with their consent, their conversations around the readership experience were captured and decoded using Artificial Intelligence in the Humanify app.<br /><br />Humanify is an AI company that owns the research-tech platform Explorastory, a sense making AI platform that translates real human behaviour from videos, conversations and surveys, into user research reports designed for product and marketing teams, in minutes. They also note that all survey results may be subject to potential biases, despite best efforts to minimise them.

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