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<keyword id="1595677" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="indian-researchers" source="Orion">Indian researchers</keyword> have discovered three supermassive black holes from <keyword id="1666884" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="three-galaxies" source="Orion">three galaxies</keyword> merging together to form a triple active galactic nucleus (AGN), that has a much-higher-than-normal luminosity. The rare occurrence in the nearby universe indicates that small merging groups are ideal laboratories to detect multiple accreting supermassive black holes and increases the possibility of detecting such occurrences. Supermassive black holes are difficult to detect because they do not emit any light, but can reveal their presence by interacting with their surroundings. When the dust and gas from the surroundings fall onto a supermassive <keyword id="6409890" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="black-hole" source="Orion">black hole</keyword>, some of the mass is swallowed by the black hole, but some of it is converted into energy and emitted as electromagnetic radiation that makes the black hole appear very luminous. A team of researchers from the <keyword id="385273" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="indian-institute-of-astrophysics" source="Orion">Indian Institute of Astrophysics</keyword> consisting of Jyoti Yadav, Mousumi Das, and Sudhanshu Barway along with Francoise Combes of College de France, Chaire Galaxies et Cosmologie, Paris, while studying a known interacting galaxy pair, NGC7733, and NGC7734, detected unusual emissions from the centre of NGC7734 and a large, bright clump along the northern arm of NGC7733. "Their investigations showed that the clump is moving with a different velocity compared to the galaxy NGC7733 itself. The scientists meant that this clump was not a part of NGC7733; rather, it was a small separate galaxy behind the arm. They named this galaxy NGC7733N," a release from the Ministry of Science and Technology said on Friday. The study, published as a letter in a journal Astronomy and Astrophysics, used data from the Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (UVIT) onboard the first Indian space observatory ASTROSAT, the European integral field optical telescope called MUSE mounted on the Very Large Telescope (VLT) in Chile and infrared images from the optical telescope (IRSF) in South Africa. The UV and H-alpha images also supported the presence of the third galaxy by revealing star formation along with the tidal tails, which could have formed from the merger of NGC7733N with the larger galaxy. Each of the galaxies hosts an active supermassive black hole in their nucleus and hence form a very rare triple AGN system. According to the researchers, a major factor impacting galaxy evolution is galaxy interactions, which happen when galaxies move close by each other and exert tremendous gravitational forces on each other. During such galaxy interactions, the respective supermassive black holes can get near each other. The dual black holes start consuming gas from their surroundings and become dual AGN. The IIA team explains that if two galaxies collide, their black hole will also come closer by transferring the kinetic energy to the surrounding gas. The distance between the blackholes decreases with time until the separation is around a parsec (3.26 light-years). "The two black holes are then unable to lose any further kinetic energy in order to get even closer and merge. This is known as the final parsec problem," the researchers elaborated. "The presence of a third black hole can solve the problem. The dual merging blackholes can transfer their energy to the third blackhole and merge with each other," they added. "Many AGN pairs have been detected in the past, but triple AGN are extremely rare, and only a handful has been detected before using X-ray observations," the release noted. "However, the IIA team expects such triple AGN systems to be more common in small merging groups of galaxies. Although this study focuses only on one system, results suggest that small merging groups are ideal laboratories to detect multiple supermassive black holes," it added. SEE ALSO <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/health/news/mukesh-ambanis-reliance-life-sciences-gets-approval-to-conduct-trials-for-its-covid-19-vaccine/articleshow/85677741.cms">Mukesh Ambani-owned Reliance Life Sciences' COVID-19 vaccine — here's all we know so far</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/auto/news/tata-motors-is-the-casualty-of-jlr-struggling-due-to-the-global-chip-shortage-and-a-lacklustre-ev-vision/articleshow/85652897.cms">Tata Motors is paying the price because Jaguar Land Rover has been slow in the EV race</a>

Researchers at the Indian Institute of Astrophysics discover three supermassive black holes merging together

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Researchers found seven stars in our galaxy that might host alien megastructures called <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/alien-megastructure-circling-giant-star-isnt-a-dyson-sphere-but-a-swarm-2016-9">Dyson spheres</a>.</li><li>But these stars' strange behavior could also be explained by other phenomena, like clouds of dust.</li></ul>In the search for <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/aliens-on-nearby-stars-planets-could-see-earth-life-2020-10">intelligent alien life</a>, finding a Dyson sphere would be like hitting the jackpot. Theoretically, super-advanced alien societies could build these giant, ultra-high-tech megastructures around their host stars to harness solar energy.Scientists have yet to find proof that Dyson spheres exist. But if they are real, we should be able to spot them, and researchers have been hunting for decades ever since <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/legendary-physicist-freeman-dyson-death-age-2020-2">physicist Freeman Dyson</a> first theorized the idea in 1960.Now, research published in the peer-reviewed journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society has identified seven <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/astronomers-discover-fastest-runaway-stars-in-milky-way-galaxy-2023-6">stars in our galaxy</a> that exhibit some unusual behavior, which the team can't easily explain with natural phenomenon.<h2 id="0b3793df-2f40-4597-9e8c-2c4e99e9f214">What exactly is a Dyson sphere?</h2><div type="image" title="A star surrounded by a Dyson sphere floats between a ringed planet in the background and a blue planet in the foreground" height="1800" width="2400" msid="111323502" hostid="261" sizebytes="156896"></div>Despite what the name suggests, a Dyson sphere isn't necessarily one solid sphere that encases a star, although the most advanced ones could be.Most likely, "these are <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-starlink-satellites-could-help-deplete-ozone-layer-study-2024-6">satellites</a> with very broad surfaces floating around the star," Suman Majumdar, study co-author and associate professor of astronomy, astrophysics, and space engineering at the Indian Institute of Technology, told Business Insider.This design would grant an intelligent society access to an <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/space-based-solar-panels-could-power-earth-2014-7">unlimited energy source</a>, allowing their population and industry to grow exponentially, according to Dyson's original theory.<div type="image" title="An artistic illustration of a Dyson sphere" height="2000" width="2400" msid="111323495" hostid="261" sizebytes="270090"></div>The design also means there would be gaps between the satellites where some of the star's radiation could sneak through. And the rest of the light, the satellites would absorb and re-radiate back into space as pulses of <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasas-spitzer-space-telescope-is-retiring-after-16-years-2020-1">infrared radiation</a> known as infrared excess emissions, or IEEs, which could be a way of detecting a distant Dyson sphere from Earth.For their study, Majumdar and colleagues analyzed more than 5 million stars throughout <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/we-live-inside-cosmic-void-breaks-cosmology-laws-2024-5">the Milky Way</a> that exhibit IEEs. But Dyson spheres aren't the only possible explanation.<div type="image" title="A young star surrounded by a protoplanetary disk" height="1322" width="2266" msid="111323504" hostid="261" sizebytes="271628"></div>"There's a lot of reasons that stars might have extra infrared emission. Typically, it's because they're extremely young, and they have a <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/scientists-captured-rare-photo-of-baby-planets-growing-around-star-2019-7">protoplanetary disk</a>," which is a disk of rotating gas and dust around a new star that radiates infrared light, Jason Wright, study co-author and professor of astronomy and astrophysics at Penn State University, told BI.There are other natural explanations for IEEs, too. That's why the research team had to rule out so many stars from their original list of 5 million Dyson sphere candidates, eventually leaving them with seven that exhibit IEEs they can't easily explain and that could, potentially, host these <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/new-solution-alien-megastructure-tabbys-star-2019-9">alien megastructures</a>. However, future research will need to rule out all other possible explanations first.<h2 id="8f78a78b-b8da-4723-8369-29131e1bd730">Hunting for Dyson spheres</h2><div type="image" title="Gaia satellite against a black background" height="2480" width="3508" msid="111323499" hostid="261" sizebytes="292454"></div>To identify these seven strong Dyson sphere candidates, the researchers used a computer system to sift through a mountain of data collected by <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/a-dark-matter-hurricane-blasting-past-earth-2018-11">Gaia</a>. This European Space Agency satellite is creating a three-dimensional map of more than a billion stars in our galaxy and beyond.Data from this highly comprehensive survey allowed the research team to select <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/map-of-milky-way-galaxy-by-gaia-spacecraft-2018-4">a pool of millions of stars</a> that exhibit IEEs and gradually weed out all the ones that could be explained by natural phenomena."It took more than a year to go through this," Majumdar said.Without Gaia and the massive amount of data it collects, this study wouldn't have been possible.<div type="image" title="Gaia image of the entire sky" height="313" width="625" msid="111323493" hostid="261" sizebytes="5596"></div>"I'm really excited for this big data era, like all the big surveys that are coming out — all the things we can learn from this data by looking at it in different ways," Tabetha Boyajian, an associate professor of astrophysics at Louisiana State University who did not work on this study, told BI.Next, the researchers will look closer at these seven strong Dyson sphere candidates using <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/rare-diamond-contains-a-mineral-never-seen-in-nature-2018-3">spectroscopic analysis</a>, Majumdar said. This technique can reveal new information about the radiation these stars emit, and help the researchers rule out other possible explanations for their IEEs."It would take a lot of rigor to be able to say confidently that this is not something that nature is doing, it's something that an advanced civilization is doing," Boyajian said.In the meantime, Gaia continues its survey, populating the database with even more stars for <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/astronome-alien-megastructure-dont-rule-out-aliens-2016-2">Dyson sphere hunters</a> like Majumdar and Wright, so their search is far from over. In fact, it might just be getting started."The same analysis can be actually done on the newer candidates that are populating the catalog," Majumdar said.

At least 7 stars in our galaxy have the potential to harbor advanced alien technology, researchers find

Bengaluru, Ahead of India's Aditya-L1 <keyword id="73822" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="solar-mission" source="Orion">solar mission</keyword>, a top scientist said the monitoring of the Sun on a 24-hour basis is a must to study <keyword id="18618306" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="solar-quakes" source="Orion">solar quakes</keyword> which can alter the geomagnetic fields of earth. The Aditya-L1 mission to study the Sun is slated to be launched at 11.50 am from the Sriharikota spaceport on Saturday. Explaining the need to study the Sun, Professor and In-Charge Scientist at the Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA), Dr R Ramesh told PTI that just as there are earthquakes on Earth, there are something called solar quakes - called as Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) - on the surface of the Sun. In this process, millions and millions of tons of solar materials are thrown into the interplanetary space, he said, adding these CMEs can travel at a speed of approximately 3,000 km per second. "Some of the CMEs can also be directed towards the Earth. The fastest CME can reach near Earth space in approximately 15 hours," Dr Ramesh pointed out. On why this mission was different from other similar ventures, he said, "Though ESA (European Space Agency) and NASA (<keyword id="107353" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="national-aeronautics-and-space-administration" source="Orion">National Aeronautics and Space Administration</keyword>) have launched similar missions in the past, the <keyword id="3586950" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="aditya-l1" source="Orion">Aditya L1</keyword> mission will be unique in two main aspects because we will be able to observe the solar corona from the place where it almost starts. Also we'll be able to observe the magnetic field changes in the solar atmosphere, which are the cause for coronal mass ejections or solar quakes." Sometimes, these CMEs damage satellites by "engulfing" them, he said. Due to the discharged particle flow from the CMEs, all the electronics onboard satellites can malfunction. These CMEs come all the way to Earth, Dr Ramesh said. In 1989, for instance, when there was a massive eruption of the solar atmosphere, Quebec in Canada went without power for about 72 hours; And in 2017, the Zurich airport in Switzerland was affected because of CME for almost 14 to 15 hours. Dr Ramesh said once the CMEs reach the Earth, which is like a big magnet with north and south poles, they can travel along the magnetic field lines and then they can alter the Earth's geomagnetic field. Once the geomagnetic field is affected, it can impact the high voltage transformers. "So, it is very important to put a centre of observation to continuously monitor the Sun, which is possible from the Lagrangian (L1) point," he pointed out. India is launching the Aditya-L1 to place its satellite at Langrangian-1 point. According to him, the authorities at Bengaluru-based IIA, an institution with a long tradition of almost close to 125 years of observing the Sun, felt that they should monitor the Sun on a 24 hours basis so that any changes that are taking place (on the Sun) are very well observed. Though observations of the Sun can be carried out with a ground-based telescope, they have two major limitations, Dr Ramesh said. One is that there are only eight or nine hours available in a day to monitor the sun since such observations can be carried out only during day time and not at night. The second challenge while monitoring the Sun from Earth is that the light coming from the Sun will be scattered by the dust particles in the atmosphere. As a result the image can get blurred, he explained. To avoid these shortcomings in solar observation, the IIA felt the need to have a telescope in space for 24-hour uninterrupted observations of the Sun. There are five vantage points from where the Sun can be monitored. These are called the Lagrangian points, which are named after an Italian astronomer Joseph-Louis Lagrange who discovered them. The gravitational force of attraction between the Sun and the Earth at the Lagrange points are perfectly balanced, the scientist said. "Of all these five points, there is a point called L1 to have an uninterrupted view of the Sun. This point is located between the Sun and Earth at a distance of 1.5 million km from the Earth," the IIA professor explained. According to him, the Aditya L1 space mission will take 100-plus days to reach the Lagrangian-1 point. Data from this satellite will be downloaded at ISRO's Indian Deep Space Network near Byalalu on the outskirts of Bengaluru and will be transmitted by a dedicated internet link to the Payload Operations Centre of the IIA, Dr Ramesh said. The data will be processed and sent back to ISRO for dissemination to the general public as well as for use by the scientific community.

Aditya L1: Solar quakes can alter geomagnetic field of earth says top scientist

<ul><li>India on Saturday successfully placed into orbit TeLEOS-2 and Lumilite-4 satellites both from <keyword id="6356662" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="singapore" source="Orion">Singapore</keyword>.</li><li>Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has orbited 424 foreign satellites from 36 countries since 1999.</li></ul>Sriharikota (Andhra Pradesh) India on Saturday successfully placed into orbit TeLEOS-2 and Lumilite-4 satellites both from Singapore. With this latest rocketing success, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has orbited 424 foreign satellites from 36 countries since 1999. Speaking about the mission Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) Chairman S. Somanath said: "The <keyword id="6395832" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="pslv" source="Orion">PSLV</keyword> rocket has placed the satellites at the intended orbit. The PSLV has demonstrated its higher reliability." Adding further Somanath said the ISRO team has done several new things to bring down the rocket's cost as the industry is gearing up manufacture. He said the rocket's upper stage on which seven non-separable payloads are fixed will be orbiting for a month and do the experiments. "For the first time, a deployable solar panel has been fixed on the upper stage," Somanath added. The PSLV Core Alone variant rocket carrying the 741 kg synthetic aperture radar satellite TeLEOS-2 as the primary passenger and the 16 kg Lumilite-4, a technology demonstration nano satellite as the co-passenger blasted off from the first launch pad at <keyword id="6356967" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="satish-dhawan-space-centre" source="Orion">Satish Dhawan Space Centre</keyword> (SDSC) here at 2.20 p.m. The rocketing on Saturday was made possible by NewSpace India Ltd-the commercial arm of India's Department of Space -- by contracting with the two parties. These two satellites apart, there are seven non-separable experimental payloads which are part of the rocket's final stage (PS4). They belong to ISRO, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST), Bellatrix Aerospace, <keyword id="2623423" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="dhruva-space" source="Orion">Dhruva Space</keyword>, and Indian Institute of Astrophysics. The ISRO uses the final stage (PS4) of the PSLV rocket as an orbital platform for in-orbit experiments and has named it as PSLV Orbital Experimental Module (POEM). The four stage expendable, 44.4 m tall PSLV-C55 rocket weighing 228 ton slowly rose-up towards the skies from the first launchpad here with thick orange flame at its tail. The rocket gained speed as it went up while emitting a rolling thunder sound. The PSLV rocket is powered by solid (first and third stages) and liquid (second and fourth stages) fuels alternatively. The PSLV in normal configuration is a four stage/engine expendable rocket powered by solid and liquid fuels alternatively with booster motors strapped on to the first stage to give higher thrust during the initial flight moments. The rocket that flew on Saturday was the 57th flight of PSLV and 16th mission of the Core Alone variant, without any strap-on motors. According to ISRO, The TeLEOS-2 satellite is developed under a partnership between DSTA (representing the government of Singapore) and <keyword id="275424" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="st-engineering" source="Orion">ST Engineering</keyword>. Once deployed and operational, it will be used to support the satellite imagery requirements of various agencies within the government of Singapore. The TeLEOS-2 carries a synthetic aperture radar payload. TeLEOS-2 will be able to provide all-weather day and night coverage, and is capable of imaging at 1m full-polarimetric resolution, ISRO said. The Lumelite-4 satellite is co-developed by the Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R) of A*STAR and Satellite Technology and Research Centre (STAR) of the National University of Singapore. The Indian space agency said Lumilite-4 is an advanced 12U satellite developed for the technological demonstration of the High-Performance Space-borne VHF Data Exchange System (VDES). Using the VDES communication payload developed by I2R and STAR's scalable satellite bus platform, it aims to augment Singapore's e-navigation maritime safety and benefit the global shipping community. Just over 19 minutes into its flight, the PSLV-C55 first orbited TeLEOS-2 and followed it by Lumilite-4 - both into an Eastward low inclination orbit. (Venkatachari Jagannathan can be reached at v.jagannathan@ians.in) SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/bard-to-magi-googles-latest-weapon-in-the-battle-for-search-supremacy/articleshow/99576251.cms">From Bard to Magi: Google's latest weapon in the battle for search supremacy</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/ai-generated-images-and-videos-a-game-changer-or-a-threat-to-authenticity/articleshow/99560443.cms">AI-generated images and videos: A game-changer or a threat to authenticity?</a>

India successfully orbits 2 Singapore satellites (Ld)

Chennai, June 6 (IANS) Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and Aryabhatta Research Institute (ARIES) have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for cooperation in the field of Space Situational Awareness (SSA) and Astrophysics. Space objects' orbital tracking, analysis and space weather studies are important aspects in Space Situational Awareness and Management to safeguard Indian space assets from critical conjunction threats like space debris. Future endeavours in space exploration depends on research and development (R&amp;D) in astrophysics, solar sciences, and space environment. Self-reliance in these areas is key to the progress of Indian space arena. This MoU will pave the way for future collaborations between ISRO and ARIES in establishing optical telescope observational facilities for space object tracking, R&amp;D studies in space weather, astrophysics, and Near Earth Object (NEO). The MoU was signed by R. Umamaheswaran, Scientific Secretary, ISRO and Prof (Dr) Dipankar Banerjee, Director, ARIES. --IANS vj/tsb

ISRO signs MoU with ARIES for space situational awareness

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Photos from Borneo and the Philippines appear to show large fragments of <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/falling-space-junk-spacex-nasa-china-foreshadow-increasing-injury-risk-2022-8">space junk that fell to Earth</a>.</li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-postpones-astronauts-spacewalk-due-to-possible-space-junk-danger-2021-11">Space-debris</a> experts say the mystery objects are parts of China's <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/china-set-to-launch-space-station-module-possible-runaway-rocket-2022-7">Long March 5B rocket</a>.</li></ul><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/falling-space-junk-spacex-nasa-china-foreshadow-increasing-injury-risk-2022-8">Mysterious large pieces of wreckage</a> were discovered across Southeast Asia over the weekend, and evidence is growing that they came from a <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/debris-chinese-rocket-booster-plummeting-unknown-location-earth-2022-7">Chinese rocket booster that fell</a> to Earth uncontrolled.The booster of China's 25-ton Long March 5B rocket pushed a new segment of the country's space station into orbit in late July. Then, instead of pushing itself into the Pacific Ocean — a standard practice called controlled reentry — the booster entered Earth's orbit and slowly lost altitude over the course of a week, ensuring that it would fall randomly in an unpredictable location.On Saturday, the booster succumbed to gravity and fell to Earth, breaking apart in the atmosphere. Soon photos of scattered objects that appear to be parts of the rocket emerged from Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines — along the path of the booster's uncontrolled fall.<div type="image" title="two people in white hazmat suits holding sensors crouch in a forest" height="468" width="1040" msid="93378811" hostid="261" sizebytes="84334"></div>Only China can officially confirm that those pieces belong to its rocket booster, but orbital-debris experts say they have no doubt that the mystery objects are chunks of Long March 5B."They sure look like rocket parts to me," Ted Muelhaupt, a consultant for the Aerospace Corporation's Chief Engineer's Office, told Insider, adding, "I've got no reason to dispute that it's pieces of this rocket."There's a roughly 10% chance that debris will hit one or more people within a decade, according to a <a href="https://affiliate.insider.com/?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fs41550-022-01718-8%23Sec5&amp;amazonTrackingID=null&amp;site=bi&amp;vikingID=62eabb2f7860f14a6c4c7343&amp;platform=browser&amp;sc=false&amp;disabled=false&amp;sessionID=1659649274728ggx74uzi" rel="nofollow sponsored noindex">study</a> published in the journal Nature in July.Even if they don't strike anybody, pieces of spacecraft that have fallen through the atmosphere are dangerous to approach because rocket fuel can linger on them.<h2>Photos suggest the booster disintegrated piece by piece as it fell</h2><div type="image" title="large rounded metal sheet in a field surrounded by yellow tape and a handful of people" height="1344" width="2880" msid="93378813" hostid="261" sizebytes="152864"></div>In the village of Pengadang, near Balaikarangan, on the Indonesian side of the island of Borneo, locals discovered a large rounded object resembling the Chinese rocket's core stage. The image above comes from <a href="https://www.facebook.com/www.borneo.network/videos/3301918316710044/">Borneo News Network</a> footage."There's a picture of the big piece at the end of the fuel tank sitting on a field that's very convincing. It's the right diameter. It looks like a piece that sort of survived reentry — and is right on the path of the reentry," Jonathan McDowell, an astrophysicist at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, and avid tracker of objects in Earth's orbit, told Insider.<div type="image" title="map shows region of borneo with orange line representing rocket booster path right over Balaikarangan" height="627" width="836" msid="93378815" hostid="261" sizebytes="59854"></div>Muelhaupt agreed that object looks like the dome of a fuel tank.Two smaller pieces of debris were discovered in the small towns of Batu Niah and Sepupok in Sarawak, on the Malaysian side of Borneo, according to the Borneo News Network and <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZiISj1IiYko">The Star</a>, a Malaysian news outlet.<div type="image" title="map shows region of borneo with orange line representing rocket booster path near Batu Niah" height="638" width="851" msid="93378817" hostid="261" sizebytes="45300"></div>Photos show "a little piece of metal dug in the ground, which may well be a bit of the rocket, but it's just too hard to tell," McDowell said.<h2>The rocket's launch dropped debris, too</h2><div type="image" title="large white rocket with arrow pointing to red Chinese flag and blue Chinese space agency symbol" height="1419" width="1893" msid="93378819" hostid="261" sizebytes="254344"></div>Images circulated on China's social media platform <a href="https://t.co/rr6hcjYq6K">Weibo</a> claimed to show pieces of the rocket's fairing, which falls away during launch, in the Philippines' Mindoro Strait. The photos, which Insider has not independently verified, show people pulling panels from the water marked with the same Chinese flag and blue space-agency symbol that are on the rocket fairing.On Wednesday, the <a href="https://philsa.gov.ph/news/philsa-confirms-part-of-long-march-5b-found-in-wps/">Philippine Space Agency</a> released a statement saying the torn metal sheet found by fisherman off the coast of Mamburao was part of the rocket's fairing. The agency also <a href="https://philsa.gov.ph/news/public-advisory-on-the-re-entry-of-long-march-5b-debris/">said</a> that parts of the falling booster may have dropped off the coast, in the Sulu Sea.McDowell and Muelhaupt also said they believe these images show parts of the rocket fairing, dropped during launch.<div type="image" title="Debris suspected to be from a Chinese booster rocket in Borneo." height="960" width="1280" msid="93378821" hostid="261" sizebytes="254112"></div>Then, when the rocket's booster fell from space, its descent path carried it right over the Mindoro Strait."This means we've been hit twice by debris from this launch: at the beginning, and at the end of the rocket's flight," Jay Batongbacal, a professor at the University of the Philippines Institute for the Maritime Affairs and the Law of the Sea, told Philippine news outlet <a href="https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1639723/chinese-rocket-debris-found-near-mindoro-strait">the Inquirer</a>. "This shows that the risk is higher for us, because we are under the flight path of most Chinese rocket launches," he said.However, no government agency has reported debris from the uncontrolled fall in the Philippines.This is the third time China has launched a Long March 5B rocket and allowed its body to fall to Earth uncontrolled. In May 2021, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/china-long-march-5b-rocket-parts-may-rain-down-2021-5">pieces of another</a> Long March 5B landed in the Indian Ocean. And in May of 2020, another launch ended in an uncontrolled fall that dumped debris near two villages in <a href="https://www.theverge.com/2020/5/13/21256484/china-rocket-debris-africa-uncontrolled-reentry-long-march-5b">Ivory Coast</a>, leading to <a href="https://afriksoir.net/cote-divoire-la-gendarmerie-debute-une-enquete-sur-lobjet-metallique-mysterieux-tombe-du-ciel-a-mahounou/">reports</a> of property damage.

Mystery wreckage in Malaysia, Indonesia, and Philippines is probably fallen Chinese rocket parts, space-debris experts say

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Debris from a <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/china-long-march-5b-rocket-parts-may-rain-down-2021-5">Chinese space rocket</a> will fall back to Earth sometime this weekend, at an unknown location.</li><li>The massive Chinese rocket booster is traveling at 17,000 miles per hour and weighs roughly 25 tons.</li></ul>At this moment, a massive Chinese rocket is in the process of crashing down to Earth. Experts say the hunk of <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/iss-swerves-avoid-debris-chinese-satellite-space-junk-2021-11">rocket junk</a>, called the Long March 5B, will probably hit Earth this weekend.China's rocket launched on July 24 to deliver a lab module to China's Tiangong space station, which is currently under construction. According to researchers at the Aerospace Corporation's Center for Orbital Reentry and Debris Studies (CORDS), the rocket junk is descending and will begin an uncontrolled reentry into Earth's atmosphere sometime on Saturday or Sunday.There is "a non-zero probability of the surviving debris landing in a populated area," <a href="https://aerospace.org/article/aerospace-experts-tracking-massive-uncontrolled-reentry" target="_blank" rel="noopener">CORDS researchers</a> wrote on the center's website.Using tracking data, researchers created a map that projects a potential field of locations for the space junk's reentry, but the actual reentry point is still uncertain. The blue and yellow lines indicate all the places where the rocket booster could fall.<div type="image" title="Graphic of possible reentry locations." height="866" width="1730" msid="93197610" hostid="261" sizebytes="171740"></div>The yellow satellite icon shows where the booster will be at exactly the middle of the 36-hour window of time when it could possibly fall. (The icon is not a prediction of where the booster will land.)This is the third time China has launched a Long March 5B and allowed its body to fall to Earth uncontrolled. China is preparing to launch the rocket again in October, according to <a href="https://spaceflightnow.com/2022/07/18/chinas-heavy-lift-long-march-5b-rocket-rolls-to-launch-pad-with-new-space-station-module/">Spaceflightnow</a>.<h1>Predicting the crash landing </h1>At this point, it is impossible to accurately estimate where the rocket stage will fall."The snag is that the density of the upper atmosphere varies with time. It's actually weather up there. That makes it impossible to predict exactly at what point the satellite will have plowed through enough atmosphere to melt and break up and finally reenter," Jonathan McDowell, an astrophysicist at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, said at a Thursday briefing.How fast the debris zips through space can lead to huge discrepancies in predictions, McDowell added. If you're an hour off, "because it's going at 17,000 miles an hour, you're 17,000 miles off in where it's going to come down, and that's the big challenge with all this," he said.Experts at The Aerospace Corporation say the general rule of thumb is that up to 40% of the mass of a large object will reach the ground. In this case, they expect between 5 and 9 tons of material to fall — up to 18,000 pounds.<div type="image" title="large white rocket with red markings rolls down tree lined avenue with large metal assembly building in the background" height="1667" width="2500" msid="93197612" hostid="261" sizebytes="398234"></div>Normally, after a launch, rockets push themselves into the atmosphere and fall back to Earth over remote ocean areas like the South Pacific — a process called "controlled reentry." It's not clear why China hasn't designed or programmed the Long March 5B to do that."On the surface, it looks irresponsible. And it's conceivable that they have enough technical data to know that it will come down in the South Pacific, even without being thrust to do that. That's one possibility. But you know, having this big thing fall out of the sky would be nasty," John Logsdon, the founder of George Washington University's Space Policy Institute and a former member of the NASA Advisory Council, told Insider.<h1>Rules of behavior in space</h1>If rocket parts land on people or their property, China could be on the hook for the damage. Under the 1972 Space Liability Convention treaty, the launching nation is liable for its rockets and any damage they cause.Robin Dickey, a space policy analyst at the Aerospace Corporation, said that current debris-mitigation guidelines and long-term sustainability guidelines from the UN's Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space include recommendations to minimize the risk posed to people and property on Earth from uncontrolled reentries, both of which have been supported by China. "The problem is, is that they're not very technical or specific, and they're also non-binding. There's no legal consequences to not taking the steps seen as feasible to mitigate the risk," Dickey said at the Thursday briefing."One thing I'll be watching closely in response to things like this reentry is who are the actors — the countries, individuals, and companies — that are publicly responding to this behavior and saying that it's irresponsible, because that will indicate whether we'll be able to develop stronger or clearer norms on where the threshold between okay and not okay is," Dickey said.<div type="image" title="The same type of rocket blasted into space on May 5, 2020. Later, some of its debris crashed into an African village." height="3826" width="5733" msid="93197614" hostid="261" sizebytes="1031134"></div>In May 2021, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/china-long-march-5b-rocket-parts-may-rain-down-2021-5">pieces of another</a> of China's Long March rocket landed in the Indian Ocean. And in May of 2020, another Chinese rocket broke up, dropping debris and causing <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/china-rocket-falling-earth-11-similar-space-station-2021-5">property damage</a> in Africa. "They have been participating in the UN discussions on rules of good behavior. And so they're certainly aware of the need for norms of behavior. Whether they're willfully ignoring it in this case — it's hard to think that they would be that irresponsible," Logsdon said.

Debris from a giant Chinese rocket booster is set to plummet uncontrollably to Earth, raining parts across unknown locations this weekend

By Lalit K Jha Washington, Jul 9 () Ayurvedic practitioners and researchers in India and the US are planning to initiate joint clinical trials for Ayurveda formulations against the novel coronavirus, the Indian envoy here has said. In a virtual interaction with a group of eminent Indian-American scientists, academicians, and doctors on Wednesday, Indian Ambassador to the US Taranjit Singh Sandhu said the vast network of institutional engagements have brought scientific communities between the two countries together in the fight against COVID-19. "Our Institutions have also been collaborating to promote Ayurveda through joint research, teaching and training programs. Ayurvedic practitioners and researchers in both the countries are planning to initiate joint clinical trials of Ayurvedic formulations against COVID-19," Sandhu said. "Our scientists have been exchanging knowledge and research resources on this front," he said. The Indo-US Science Technology Forum (IUSSTF) has always been instrumental in promoting excellence in science, technology, and innovation through collaborative activities. To address COVID-19-related challenges, the IUSSTF had given a call to support joint research and start-up engagements. Large number of proposals are being reviewed on fast track mode by the experts on both the sides, he said. "Indian pharmaceutical companies are global leaders in producing affordable low-cost medicines and vaccines and will play an important role in the fight against this pandemic," Sandhu said. According to the ambassador, there are at least three ongoing collaborations between Indian vaccine companies with US-based institutions. These collaborations would be beneficial not just to India and the US, but also for the billions who would need to be vaccinated against COVID-19 across the world, he noted. Asserting that innovation will be the key driver in pandemic response and recovery, he said tech-companies and start-ups have already begun to take the lead in this direction. "Telemedicine and telehealth will evolve as will other digital platforms across sectors," he said. Noting that there has been longstanding collaboration between India and US in health sector, he said scientists have been working together in several programs to understand important diseases at basic and clinical level. Many such programs have been focused on translational research to develop new therapeutics and diagnostics. There are over 200 ongoing NIH funded projects in India involving 20 institutions from NIH network and several eminent institutions in India engaged in a wide spectrum of research areas to create health care solutions, the senior diplomat said. The collaboration under Vaccine Action Program (VAP) resulted in development of ROTAVAC vaccine against rota virus which causes severe diarrhea in children. The vaccine was developed by an Indian company (Bharat Biotech) at an affordable cost. It has been commercialised and introduced in the Expanded Program on Immunisation. Development of many other vaccines such as TB, Influenza, Chikungunya are also in progress under the VAP, he said. "As I speak, the VAP meeting is in progress where experts from both countries are deeply engaged in technical discussions to expedite development of COVID-19 vaccine," Sandhu said in his remarks. During the interaction, the eminent experts appreciated India's handling of the COVID-19 pandemic and offered their valuable suggestions and best practices in this regard. They shared their ideas on deepening the knowledge partnership between India and the US. The experts who took part in interaction, were drawn from a wide-ranging fields including artificial intelligence, quantum information science, biomedical engineering, robotics, mechanical engineering, earth and ocean science, virology, physics, astrophysics, and health sciences. Prominent among those who attended the virtual interaction were Subhash Kak Regents Professor at Oklahoma State University, Dr Vijay Kuchroo, Samuel L Wasserstrom Professor of Neurology at Harvard Medical School, Dr Ashish M Kamat, Professor of Urology at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Ashutosh Chilkoti, Alan L Kaganov Professor of Biomedical Engineering and Chair of the Department of Biomedical Engineering at Duke University; and Prof Manu Prakash, professor in Department of Bioengineering at Sandford University, among others. LKJ IND IND

Clinical trials for Ayurvedic formulations against COVID-19 to be initiated in India, US

<ul><li>India’s <keyword id="431538" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Astrosat">AstroSat</keyword> and <keyword id="6360409" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Nasa">NASA</keyword>’s <keyword id="2228961" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Chandra-X-Ray-Observatory">Chandra X-Ray Observatory</keyword> have confirmed the discovery of a <keyword id="6409890" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="black-hole">black hole</keyword> spinning close to the maximum possible speed. </li><li>A black hole spinning that fast can make <keyword id="41531" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="space">space</keyword> itself rotate according to Einstein’s theory of relativity.</li><li>In comparison, the Milky Way's own supermassive black hole moves much slower hardly taking in any energy around it.</li><li>This black hole is only one of five to have an accurately measured high spin rate. </li><li>Researchers hypothesise that this could be the key to understanding how galaxies are formed.</li></ul><keyword id="4740034" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="black-holes">Black holes</keyword>, while fascinating, are hardly a new discovery - but a black hole spinning at one of the highest speeds ever, according to the <a href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/isro-nasa-project-finds-black-hole-that-spins-near-max-possible-rate/story-fKCARQcL31VY74fVjgTrJJ.html">Hindustan Times</a>, is a completely different story — especially when there have only ever been four others like it. In comparison, the Milky Way's own supermassive black hole — <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/milky-ways-supermassive-black-hole-just-lit-up/articleshow/70671308.cms">Sagittarius A*</a> — is relatively inactive. It moves at a much slower speed. While observing it using infrared, the black hole flickers every now and then as it takes in dust as gas. NASA initially estimated that Sagittarius A* was only taking in 1% of the energy that comes it away only to realise that its consumption is <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/our-very-own-black-hole-in-the-milky-way-doesnt-quite-eat-up-everything/articleshow/69684893.cms">even lower </a> at 1% of that 1%. In 2016, India's first dedicated astronomy satellite, the AstroSat, first <a href="https://www.isro.gov.in/pslv-c30-astrosat-mission/astrosat-observes-high-energy-x-ray-variability-of-black-hole-system">spotted the black hole</a> in the binary star system called 4U 1630-47, which is bursting out X-rays that astronomers found unusual. NASA's Chandra X-Ray Observatory later confirmed the outburst. Those X-rays were caused by gas and dust falling into the black hole, which is about 10 times the mass of the sun, and they revealed to researchers that the object is spinning very, very rapidly. In fact, according to <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/chandra/news/08-003.html">NASA</a> this particular black hole is spinning very close to the limit set by Albert <keyword id="433617" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Einsteins-theory-of-relativity">Einstein's theory of relativity</keyword>, according to Rodrigo Nemmen, the lead author on the research paper. That means it is spinning close to the speed of light. Spinning to break barriers Currently, scientists only have two ways of measuring <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/Physicists-have-discovered-that-rotating-black-holes-might-serve-as-portals-for-hyperspace-travel/articleshow/68434150.cms">black holes</a> - either by their mass or by their spin rate. A spin rate can be anywhere between 0 and 1: this black hole was spinning at the rate of 0.9. Einstein's theory further implies that if a black hole spinning that fast, then it is capable of making space itself rotate. In fact, if the conditions around black holes are hypothesised to be correct, then the high spin rate coupled with the gaseous elements entering the black hole and high temperatures, could be the key to understanding how galaxies are formed. Including the black hole discovered by the AstroSat, there are only five black holes have accurately measured high spin rates. Even if you're not taking spin rates into account, this black hole of one of only 20 others that have been spotted in the Milky Way Galaxy. The Indian Space Research Organisation's (<a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/here-is-a-list-of-isros-biggest-launches-over-the-last-2-years-that-showcase-indias-space-prowess/slidelist/52401346.cms">ISRO</a>) AstroSat along with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Chandra X-Ray Observatory have confirmed the speed of the spinning black hole. The study was conducted by researchers from multiple institutions led by the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) and has been accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/milky-ways-supermassive-black-hole-just-lit-up/articleshow/70671308.cms">There was a big spark — 75 times brighter than usual — from the black hole at the heart of the Milky Way</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/a-black-hole-bigger-than-the-sun-is-pulling-on-the-fabric-of-space-and-time/articleshow/69127080.cms">A black hole bigger than the sun is pulling on the fabric of space and time</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/our-very-own-black-hole-in-the-milky-way-doesnt-quite-eat-up-everything/articleshow/69684893.cms">Our very own black hole in the Milky Way doesn’t quite eat up ‘everything’</a>

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