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<ul class="summary-list"><li><keyword id="11899444" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="vladimir-putin" source="Orion">Vladimir Putin</keyword> said he took part in a trial for a nasal COVID-19 vaccine.</li><li>He also received a booster shot of <keyword id="11894337" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="russia" source="Orion">Russia</keyword>'s own Sputnik vaccine on Sunday.</li></ul>Russian President Vladimir Putin said he took an experimental nasal COVID-19 vaccine.Putin said on Wednesday that he had taken part in tests for the nasal form of the vaccine, <a href="https://tass.ru/obschestvo/13009857">Russian news agency TASS reported</a>.He also received a booster shot of Russia's homegrown COVID-19 vaccine, named Sputnik Light, on Sunday.<a href="https://twitter.com/Kremlinpool_RIA/status/1463485759437090822">In a Wednesday statement</a>, Putin described being asked to breathe in, then being given the vaccine in powder form delivered by syringe.Putin said he had been experiencing waning immunity due to the time that had passed since his earlier vaccines, TASS reported.A Putin spokesperson had told reporters on Monday that Putin would take part in the nasal vaccine trial once doctors approved him to do so, <a href="https://tass.com/world/1364585">TASS reported</a>.Putin was vaccinated with Russia's own <keyword id="11905651" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="coronavirus-vaccine" source="Orion">coronavirus vaccine</keyword>, Sputnik V, earlier this year.Daily COVID-19 deaths in Russia reached a <a href="https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/russia/">new high</a> in November. Just under 42% of the country's population have been vaccinated, <a href="https://graphics.reuters.com/world-coronavirus-tracker-and-maps/countries-and-territories/russia/">Reuters reported</a>.

Putin says he took an experimental nasal COVID-19 vaccine

<ul class="summary-list"><li>COVID-19 vaccines are great at preventing severe illnesses and death.</li><li>But they don't always stop transmission or mild cases.</li></ul>If we could vaccinate your nose, there's a good chance we'd be able to end this pandemic right now.But the COVID-19 shots available in the US can't control everything that happens in your nostrils. If they did, they might be able to stop all transmission of the virus that happens through our talking, singing, laughing, breathing, and sneezing around each other. If successful, a new kind of vaccine - a nasal mist that requires no needle - promises to do all that by providing the special kind of <keyword id="11893194" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="coronavirus" source="Orion">coronavirus</keyword> immunity people need to stop shuttling this virus around. "An intranasal vaccine could help bring an end to the pandemic and help give us true control over SARS-CoV-2 by limiting infection and transmission," said Marty Moore, the CEO of Meissa Vaccines. "We shouldn't settle for a new normal. We can get back to the old normal."For now, that idea remains one that needs much more robust clinical data behind it to become a reality that we could all sniff up. But the prospect is still quite exciting to many immunologists around the world.<h2>Shots in the arm aren't always great at preventing the sniffles </h2>One big reason vaccine breakthrough infections happen is because the injectable COVID-19 vaccines have been designed to give a person's body good systemic immunity against the virus, protecting internal organs such as the lungs and the heart from severe infection. But a shot in the arm can't do as much for your nose in the long run. If a vaccinated person is exposed to COVID-19, they may still get a case of the sniffles, or a flu-like COVID-19 illness. This is because they haven't developed great <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002264.htm">mucosal</a> immunity against the coronavirus. In other words: They're still susceptible to infection via the vulnerable <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK27169/">moist tissues</a> that interact with the outside world, such as those in the nose, eyes, and mouth."Very early on during that honeymoon initially after vaccination when your neutralizing antibodies are at their highest, you get a bit of a spillover effect into the upper airway," <a href="https://twitter.com/celinegounder?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor">Dr. Céline Gounder</a>, an infectious-disease specialist at Bellevue hospital in New York, said at the recent IDWeek <a href="https://idweek.org/">infectious-disease conference</a>, explaining the issue of lacking durable mucosal immunity after vaccination. Meissa is one of a few smaller companies pursuing COVID-19 nasal vaccines in early-stage human trials. Codagenix, another US company, has also announced some promising (but extremely small) <a href="https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/codagenix-announces-safety-and-immunogenicity-data-from-phase-1-covid-19-intranasal-vaccine-trial-and-intent-to-progress-to-phase-23-studies-301382120.html?tc=eml_cleartime">early trial results</a>. Other nasal vaccines are being developed around the world, with ongoing trials in Israel, Russia, Cuba, India, Hong Kong, and Iran."Our aim is to be the transmission-blocking COVID vaccine," Moore said. <h2>Immunologists are excited about the prospect of nasal vaccines - both for unvaccinated people and as boosters</h2>Meissa's early clinical data (which the company said it would share in more detail at an upcoming immunotherapy conference in late November and early December) indicated that unvaccinated patients who are given a couple drops of Meissa's vaccine in each nostril have average mucosal antibody levels slightly higher than those measured in people with natural immunity to the virus.This suggested that Meissa's vaccine could potentially work well at preventing peskier sniffly infections, not just the COVID cases that land people in the hospital."It suggests that we can deliver immunity that's like natural infection, but we can do it safely," Moore said.This prospect has many immunologists quite excited, not only because nasal vaccines could be offered to vaccine-hesitant people who don't like shots but also because they might, perhaps, be used as boosters to top up the already very good systemic immunity people have gotten from injectable vaccines. Meissa's initial human trial is still ongoing, with 70 participants in it so far. It's only in phase 1, meaning any approval or even emergency authorization for this type of vaccine is many months and likely several thousand more volunteer participants away, at best.But so far, the results look good. Meissa, which is conducting much of its research in Kansas, said there were many reasons people have chosen to join their early-stage trial. "Sometimes it's people who are Ph.D.s or highly educated, who see the benefit of an intranasal to prevent infection itself," Moore said. "And oftentimes, it's people who just don't want a shot. They don't want something injected into them."Common side-effect complaints after Meissa's nasal vaccine so far have included runny noses, coughs, sore throats, and headaches. But the company said that no worrisome safety signals had surfaced with the vaccine, which uses a <a href="https://www.meissavaccines.com/technology">live-attenuated RSV platform to deliver</a> the coronavirus' characteristic spike protein to vaccines without risking the coronavirus itself spreading from them."There are quite a few people who would rather have drops in the nose than the needle," Moore said. "So I think an intranasal vaccine could reach not all, but many vaccine-hesitant people."

A nasal COVID-19 vaccine could be the solution to ending the pandemic, experts say, and early trial data looks promising

<ul class="summary-list"><li>A US company called Altimmune is developing a <keyword id="8904563" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="covid-19-vaccine">COVID-19 vaccine</keyword> that gets sprayed up the <keyword id="6374458" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="Nose">nose</keyword>.</li><li>Such intranasal vaccines may <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/vaccines-reduce-coronavirus-transmission-early-research-2021-2">reduce coronavirus transmission</a> better than shots do.</li><li>Boosters designed to protect against variants could also be delivered intranasally, experts say.</li></ul>It's an intuitive idea: Wouldn't it be best to administer a <keyword id="8763838" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="covid-19">COVID-19</keyword> vaccine in the place it first invades the body?Altimmune, a biotech startup based in Maryland, is trying to develop a COVID-19 vaccine that gets squirted into your nose, not jabbed in your arm."Delivering vaccines to the sight of first exposure is an advantage," Dr. Buddy Creech, who directs the Vanderbilt University vaccine-research program and has <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2777059">worked with Altimmune</a>, told Insider. "Typically, you don't get COVID-19 in the deltoid muscle of your arm - you get it in your nose, eyes, and throat. So it makes sense we'd want to at least consider a vaccine that can generate some immunity in mucosal orifices."The three COVID-19 vaccines authorized in the US are, of course, all shots. Though they appear to curb transmission, it's unlikely that they <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/vaccines-reduce-coronavirus-transmission-early-research-2021-2">stop it</a>. An intranasal vaccine could create an extra line of defense, since it would prompt the immune system to produce antibodies that block infection locally in the mucous membranes of your nose and throat. That would prevent transmission by stopping viral shedding from those orifices.Altimmune last month launched <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04679909?intr=adcovid&amp;spons=altimmune&amp;draw=2&amp;rank=12&amp;rank=1">a 180-person trial</a> of its intranasal vaccine, called AdCOVID, to test how safe the vaccine is, what side effects it prompts, and what levels of antibodies and T-cells it produces. Participants range in age from 18 to 55. The company expects to have data in the second quarter of this year.<div type="image" title="intranasal COVID 19 vaccine candidate AdCOVID" height="2480" width="3306" msid="81355356" hostid="261"></div>Scot Roberts, the chief scientific officer at Altimmune, told Insider that the best-case scenario would be a rollout to adults at the end of this year or in early 2022.Other intranasal vaccine candidates are being tested in <a href="https://www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com/news/129563/phase-i-trial-of-intranasal-covid-19-vaccine-spray-approved-in-china/">China</a>, <a href="https://health.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/pharma/bharat-biotech-to-start-phase-1-trials-of-covid-19-intranasal-vaccine-in-feb-march/80166695">India</a>, and the <a href="https://www.biopharma-reporter.com/Article/2021/01/11/Needle-free-COVID-19-vaccine-COVI-VAC-enters-Phase-1-trials">UK</a>.<h2>A nasal spray could prevent viral shedding from noses and throats</h2><h2><div type="image" title="Altimmune" height="2989" width="3986" msid="81355358" hostid="261"></div></h2>AdCOVID wouldn't be the first vaccine that doesn't require a needle. The polio vaccine was first swallowed as pill, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has approved multiple nasal-spray flu vaccines.Vaccines injected into the arm muscle, however, are most common. These prompt your immune system to start producing T-cells that remember the pathogen, should it ever return, and antibodies that fight off the virus across your body - what's known as systemic immunity.But those antibodies don't always flood into the mucus-covered surfaces of the nose and throat (where a respiratory virus likes to hang out) in large enough numbers to stop the virus from replicating there.A nasal spray can prompt your immune system to create antibodies known as immunoglobulin A locally in your mucosal orifices, said Dr. Paul Goepfert, the director of the Alabama Vaccine Research Clinic."It's possible that this would be a much more efficient vaccine to reduce <keyword id="1754604" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="coronavirus">coronavirus</keyword> spread," Goepfert told Insider.Altimmune found in a <a href="http://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.10.331348v1">recent animal study</a> that its intranasal COVID-19 vaccine prompted both systemic immunity and mucosal immunity. <a href="https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(20)31068-0#%20">Two</a> <a href="https://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2021/02/16/science.abf4896">other</a> animal studies found that an intranasal spray prevented infections while almost completely blocking coronavirus transmission.<h2>Nasal sprays could serve as boosters to target coronavirus variants</h2><div type="image" title="vaccine shot" height="1335" width="2000" msid="81355359" hostid="261"></div>A proliferation of coronavirus variants has raised concerns that existing vaccines will need to be reinforced via booster shots. Pfizer and Moderna are <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/moderna-nih-test-booster-shots-covid-19-variants-2021-2">testing new versions of their shots</a> to combat such variants, but distributing them could be another enormous undertaking.A key advantage of Altimmune's spray is that it doesn't require refrigeration and can be kept at room temperature for months."If we do need revaccinations or to top up immunity in the presence of a variant, this approach makes perfect sense," Roberts said.Daniel Oran and Eric Topol, two COVID-19 researchers at the Scripps Research Translational Institute in California, have said intranasal vaccines could help, since people might be able to administer the vaccines themselves."Simply mailing someone a nasal spray is far more convenient than arranging for an in-person injection," they <a href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/to-beat-covid-we-may-need-a-good-shot-in-the-nose/">wrote in Scientific American</a> on Monday. They also pointed out that swapping a needle for a spray could encourage more people to get vaccinated in the first place.<h2>Altimmune hopes to test its spray in children this year</h2><div type="image" title="intranasal vaccine h1n1 flu" height="2000" width="3000" msid="81355364" hostid="261"></div>Altimmune plans to test its intranasal vaccine in children and is talking to the Food and Drug Administration about how to formulate those pediatric trials. The company hopes to launch a trial among children while the drug is still being tested in adults.None of the COVID-19 vaccines authorized in the US can be administered to children younger than 16, since the companies didn't include kids in their early trials."Kids don't get so sick, but they sure can spread the virus. So this idea of mucosal immunity that blocks transmission is really a perfect fit for the pediatric population," Roberts said. "Clearly the FDA recognizes the need. We can't leave 70 million Americans on the side, unvaccinated."Goepfert said that developing a nasal-spray vaccine for children would be a win-win: It would stymie their capacity for transmission and make it easier to vaccinate them."Not having to stick somebody is particularly appealing for pediatricians," he said.

A future COVID-19 vaccine could be squirted up the nose. The nasal spray could stop transmission, especially in kids.

Researchers are working on a Covid-19 vaccine that people may drink instead of receiving with a needle, expanding their focus onto mucosal vaccines, which include nasal vaccines as well as "swish and swallow" oral vaccines. The vaccine, called QYNDR, completed its phase 1 clinical trial and is currently waiting on more funding to conduct the more detailed, advanced trials that could actually bring the vaccine to market, reports <keyword id="309786" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="cnet" source="Orion">CNET</keyword>. "The QYNDR vaccine is pronounced 'kinder', because it's a softer way to deliver a vaccine," <keyword id="16222943" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="kyle-flanigan" source="Orion">Kyle Flanigan</keyword>, founder of QYNDR's maker, <keyword id="16222944" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="us-specialty-formulations" source="Orion">US Specialty Formulations</keyword>, was quoted as saying. Moreover, the report said that promising clinical trial results from New Zealand offer hope that QYNDR will be a viable option for protection against the string of Covid-19 variants circulating now. "It's really challenging to have a vaccine survive making it through your digestive system," <keyword id="4513963" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="flanigan" source="Orion">Flanigan</keyword> said. "We were able to figure out how to get a vaccine past the stomach and into the gut and have it be effective and induce the appropriate response," she added. Scientists are hopeful that mucosal vaccines will not only protect against severe diseases and death, as revolutionary mRNA vaccines and boosters have but also ward off infections, the report said. Different from traditional vaccines, mucosal vaccines enter through our mucous membranes, either through our nose (as in the much-discussed nasal Covid-19 vaccine) or through our gut (as in the orally suspended QYNDRs). Mucosal vaccines have been supported as viable, or even preferable, options for combating Covid-19 infections due to the different types of immunity they produce and the fact that it begins right where the virus enters our bodies, the report mentioned. SEE ALSO: <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/former-encounter-cop-pradeep-sharma-denied-bail-in-antilia-bomb-scare-case/articleshow/97252356.cms">Former encounter cop Pradeep Sharma denied bail in Antilia bomb scare case</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/sports/news/mary-kom-to-head-oversight-committee-for-wrestling-federation-yogeshwar-murgunde-named-members/articleshow/97254560.cms">Mary Kom to head Oversight Committee for wrestling federation; Yogeshwar, Murgunde named members</a>

Researchers are now working on an oral Covid-19 vaccine that people can 'drink'

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Dr. Anthony Fauci said it would be "reasonable" to assume vaccinated people are less likely to spread COVID-19.</li><li>Vaccinated people who get COVID-19 typically have less virus in their nasal passages.</li><li>That would suggest that breakthrough infections are less contagious than infections in unvaccinated people.</li></ul>Fully vaccinated people who get "breakthrough" cases of COVID-19 are probably less likely to spread the virus to others, Dr. Anthony Fauci said in a <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/cdc-director-says-covid-19-hospitalizations-are-mostly-unvaccinated-2021-7">White House briefing today</a>.When asked if <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/people-who-got-covid-after-vaccine-describe-mild-breakthrough-illness-2021-5?utmSource=twitter&amp;utmContent=referral&amp;utmTerm=topbar&amp;referrer=twitterrrer=twitter">breakthrough cases</a> are contributing to the spread of <keyword id="1754604" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="coronavirus">coronavirus</keyword> in the US, the nation's top infectious disease expert said it would be "a reasonable assumption" to say vaccinated people who contract COVID-19 are less likely to transmit it compared to unvaccinated people.Fauci said vaccinated people who develop asymptomatic infections have "considerably less" virus in their nasal passages compared to unvaccinated people with asymptomatic infections."I think one can make a reasonable assumption, based on the level of virus in the nasopharynx, that it would be less likely that that vaccinated breakthrough person would transmit compared to an unvaccinated person," Fauci said in the briefing.<h2>Mild cases may have a smaller <keyword id="67884" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="Transmission">transmission</keyword> window</h2>Fauci's theory may soon be backed up with real-world data. He mentioned a large ongoing study that is currently tracking transmission in vaccinated and unvaccinated people.Will Lee, the vice president of <keyword id="41551" type="ENTERTAINMENT" weightage="100" keywordseo="science">science</keyword> at Helix, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/genomics-company-helix-helping-cdc-track-coronavirus-variants-2021-6">a testing company helping the CDC track variants</a>, previously <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/covid-expert-vaccinated-people-can-spread-the-delta-variant-2021-7">told Insider</a> that areas with higher vaccination rates tend to have fewer cases of COVID-19, even with the Delta variant going around.<a href="https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2107058?query=featured_home">Studies in the US</a> and <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/covid-19-delta-variant-symptoms-headache-runny-nose-sore-throat-2021-6">the UK</a> have indicated that Delta cases are typically milder in vaccinated people. This means they're likely to be infectious for a shorter period of time, narrowing the transmission window, Lee said.Additionally, <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.06.21251283v1">studies from Israel</a> have confirmed that people who get COVID-19 despite being fully vaccinated typically have much less virus in their systems, as Fauci said. The findings haven't yet been peer-reviewed, but they add to the growing evidence that <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/vaccines-reduce-coronavirus-transmission-early-research-2021-2">vaccinated people are less likely to transmit the coronavirus</a>.With the Delta variant - "a formidable variant," according to Fauci - circulating worldwide, vaccination is at the very least a powerful tool for avoiding hospitalization, and it may turn out to help curb transmissions as well.

Fauci: Vaccinated people who contract COVID-19 are far less likely to spread the virus than unvaccinated people

Hello,Welcome to Insider <keyword id="11897506" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="healthcare" source="Orion">Healthcare</keyword>. I'm healthcare editor Leah Rosenbaum, and today in healthcare news:<ul><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/promising-covid-treatments-pills-nasal-sprays-2021-10">Here are the needle-free COVID-19 treatments undergoing testing right now</a>;</li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/pfizer-vaccine-for-kids-what-to-know-2021-10">What you need to know about kids getting the Pfizer vaccine</a>;</li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/astrazeneca-antibody-drug-azd7442-reduced-severe-covid-19-risk-study-2021-10">AstraZenca's new antibody drug is the first that's shown to prevent and treat COVID-19.</a></li></ul>If you're new to this newsletter, <a href="http://newsletter.businessinsider.com/join/4np/newsletter.businessinsider.com/join/4np/insider-healthcare">sign up here.</a> Comments, tips? Email me at <a href="mailto:lrosenbaum@insider.com">lrosenbaum@insider.com</a> or tweet <a href="https://twitter.com/leah_rosenbaum">@leah_rosenbaum.</a> Let's get to it...<h3><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/promising-covid-treatments-pills-nasal-sprays-2021-10">The first-ever COVID-19 pill may be just weeks away. A handful of other pills, inhalers, and nasal sprays also show promise.</a></h3><ul><li>Treating COVID-19 could be simpler soon, thanks to the next generation of <keyword id="12019702" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="treatments" source="Orion">treatments</keyword>.</li><li>These could come in the form of <keyword id="12258955" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="pills" source="Orion">pills</keyword>, nasal sprays, or inhalers.</li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/promising-covid-treatments-pills-nasal-sprays-2021-10">On Monday, Merck asked the FDA to authorize its antiviral pill, which would be the first COVID-19 treatment of its kind</a>. </li></ul><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/promising-covid-treatments-pills-nasal-sprays-2021-10">Read more now&gt;&gt;</a><h3><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/pfizer-vaccine-for-kids-what-to-know-2021-10"><div type="image" title="Finley Martin, 14, gets a shot of the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine at the First Baptist Church of Pasadena Friday, May 14, 2021, in Pasadena, Calif." height="1000" width="1333" msid="86967759" hostid="261"></div>Kids ages 5-11 could start getting Pfizer's COVID-19 vaccine next month. Here's what to know and how to get your child a shot.</a></h3><ul><li>Pfizer has formally asked the FDA to authorize its COVID-19 <keyword id="11894310" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="vaccine" source="Orion">vaccine</keyword> for emergency use among <keyword id="11903370" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="kids" source="Orion">kids</keyword> ages 5 to 11.</li><li>A doctor who helped run Pfizer's vaccine trial told Insider he wants his kids to be "first in line."</li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/pfizer-vaccine-for-kids-what-to-know-2021-10">Here are the answers to common questions parents might have about the vaccine.</a></li></ul><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/pfizer-vaccine-for-kids-what-to-know-2021-10">Get the latest info&gt;&gt; </a><h3><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/astrazeneca-antibody-drug-azd7442-reduced-severe-covid-19-risk-study-2021-10"><div type="image" title="Dan Pelletier, a pharmacy technicinan specialist at Maine Medical Center, demonstrates the process of preparing anitibodies used to treat COVID19 patients." height="2036" width="2715" msid="86967761" hostid="261"></div>AstraZeneca says its COVID-19 drug cuts the risk of severe disease in half. It's the first antibody cocktail shown to both prevent and treat the disease in late-stage trials.</a></h3><ul><li>AstraZeneca said its antibody drug cut the risk of severe COVID-19 in half in a late-stage study.</li><li>The drug, called AZD7442, is a combination of two <keyword id="12154142" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="antibodies" source="Orion">antibodies</keyword> given as an injection.</li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/astrazeneca-antibody-drug-azd7442-reduced-severe-covid-19-risk-study-2021-10">AstraZeneca said it's the only drug of its kind shown to both prevent and treat COVID-19.</a></li></ul><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/astrazeneca-antibody-drug-azd7442-reduced-severe-covid-19-risk-study-2021-10">Dive in&gt;&gt;</a>More stories we're reading:<ul><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/fauci-guidance-trick-or-treat-celebrate-halloween-covid-coronavirus-mask-2021-10">'Enjoy it': Fauci says it's safe for Americans and their children to trick or treat on Halloween</a> (Insider)</li><li><a href="https://www.statnews.com/2021/10/08/how-covax-failed-on-its-promise-to-vaccinate-the-world/">A new investigation finds that COVAX's global vaccine program was too ambitious</a> (STAT)</li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/kaiser-permanente-health-care-workers-vote-to-authorize-strike-2021-10">Health care workers at Kaiser Permanente vote to authorize strike, rejecting pay cuts for new hires</a> (Insider)</li><li><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/10/health/coronavirus-ventilation-carbon-dioxide.html">Parents are sneaking air quality monitors into school backpacks</a> (New York Times)</li></ul>-Leah

The needle-free COVID-19 treatments undergoing testing right now

The ideal time for a <keyword id="2825536" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="booster-dose" source="Orion">booster dose</keyword> for COVID-19 vaccine is six months after the second dose, <keyword id="10494595" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Bharat-Biotech-Chairman" source="Orion">Bharat Biotech Chairman</keyword> and Managing Director Krishna Ella said on Wednesday, and also emphasised the importance of having a nasal vaccine. He also pointed out that his company was the first in the world to develop a <keyword id="3225534" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Zika-vaccine" source="Orion">Zika vaccine</keyword>. Taking the <keyword id="9485939" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="covaxin" source="Orion">Covaxin</keyword> vaccine by the Prime Minister Narendra Modi showed confidence in Indian Science, he said at the Times Now Summit 2021. "The ideal time for a booster dose is six months after the second dose," Ella stated. <keyword id="149108" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="bharat-biotech" source="Orion">Bharat Biotech</keyword> is also looking at nasal vaccine as a booster dose as its scaling up capacity is very easy when compared with Covaxin, he added. About the importance of nasal vaccine, he said the entire world is looking at nasal vaccines. That is the only way to stop transmission. Everyone is trying to figure out the immunology and fortunately, Bharat Biotech has figured it out. "We are coming out with a nasal vaccine, we are thinking that Covaxin can be given as first dose, the second dose can be given a nasal, that is also strategically, scientifically very important because with the second dose, if it is a nasal one, you stop the transmission of the virus...," Ella said. Nasal vaccine works well if someone has been infected or if someone has been vaccinated with one dose, he added. About the PM taking the Covaxin shot, he said, "What would a scientist like to have? A country head taking his vaccine. That is the best satisfaction a scientist can get... It shows confidence in the Indian science, confidence in the startup, and confidence in our innovation...". Speaking about a vaccine for Zika, Ella said Bharat Biotech is ready with a vaccine for Zika virus. Phase I is complete. The government has to take up more trials because there are more cases now. "We were the first company in the world to develop the Zika vaccine in 2014... We were the first one to file for a global patent for Zika vaccine", he added. SEE ALSO: <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/mobile/news/heres-how-you-can-protect-your-smartphone-from-exploding/slidelist/87625685.cms">Here’s how you can protect your smartphone from exploding</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/union-cabinet-approves-declaration-of-november-15-as-janjatiya-gaurav-diwas/articleshow/87629229.cms">Union Cabinet approves declaration of November 15 as Janjatiya Gaurav Diwas</a>

Ideal time for COVID-19 booster shot is six months after the second dose, says Bharat Biotech MD

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Over a dozen <keyword id="12079129" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="gorillas" source="Orion">gorillas</keyword> at an <keyword id="11996145" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="atlanta" source="Orion">Atlanta</keyword> zoo tested positive for COVID-19. </li><li>The gorillas were tested after showing symptoms, including coughing, nasal discharge, and changes in appetite. </li><li>Some are being treated with monoclonal antibodies and officials are "hopeful they will make a complete recovery."</li></ul>More than a dozen western lowland gorillas at a zoo in Atlanta have tested positive for COVID-19, officials at the facility said. In total, at least 13 gorillas at Atlanta Zoo tested positive were diagnosed after exhibiting symptoms of the disease, including coughing, nasal discharge, and changes to their appetite, zoo officials <a href="https://zooatlanta.org/press-release/update-on-zoo-atlanta-gorilla-population/">said in a statement</a>. Officials at the zoo took fecal and nasal samples, which were tested at the Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, zoo officials added.The <a href="https://www.ajc.com/news/coronavirus/more-than-a-dozen-gorillas-at-zoo-atlanta-diagnosed-with-covid-19/K4XFA5FS5RATPJPZ4VKOCGOVJI/">Atlanta Journal-Constitution</a> first reported the <keyword id="11893589" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="news" source="Orion">news</keyword>."The teams are collecting samples for testing for the Zoo's entire gorilla population, which includes 20 members living in four troops, and will regularly test the gorillas regardless of the presence of symptoms," the zoo said in a statement.Zoo Atlanta did not immediately return Insider's request for comment Sunday. Dr. Sam Rivera, the senior director of animal <keyword id="11894571" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="health" source="Orion">health</keyword> at Zoo Atlanta, told the AJC he believed the virus was first transmitted to the gorilla population by a vaccinated asymptomatic employee who cares for them. The worker was asymptomatic and wearing PPE but later tested positive, he said. Zoo employees are not required to get the <keyword id="11894310" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="vaccine" source="Orion">vaccine</keyword>, though a high percentage of workers have been vaccinated, a zoo spokesperson told the AJC.Zoo Atlanta said the infections occurred in an area of the facility with stringent COVID-19 safety precautions, but said it had instituted additional preventive measures, including such as N95 masks, Tyvek suits, modified cleaning protocols, and increased ventilation in the gorilla building.After the gorillas recover from the disease, the zoo will vaccinate them using the Zoetis vaccine, a COVID-19 vaccine developed for use in <keyword id="11897851" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="animals" source="Orion">animals</keyword>, the Atlanta Zoo told the AJC. Zoo Atlanta has already vaccinated some of its species, including the Bornean and Sumatran orangutans, its Sumatran tigers, its African lions, and its clouded leopard, according to the AJC.The gorillas at highest risk of serious complications are being treated with monoclonal antibodies, including 60-year-old Ozzie, who is showing mild symptoms of the disease, the Atlanta zoo told the AJC. "The teams are very closely monitoring the affected gorillas and are hopeful they will make a complete recovery. They are receiving the best possible care, and we are prepared to provide additional supportive care should it become necessary," Rivera said.

More than a dozen gorillas tested positive for COVID-19 at an Atlanta zoo

Leading vaccine maker <keyword id="149108" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Bharat-Biotech">Bharat Biotech</keyword> on Wednesday announced a licensing agreement with Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis for a novel chimp-adenovirus, single dose intranasal vaccine for Covid-19. The Hyderabad-based company owns the rights to distribute the vaccine in all markets except USA, Japan and Europe. While the Phase I trials will take place in Saint Louis University's Vaccine &amp; Treatment Evaluation Unit, Bharat Biotech, upon obtaining the required regulatory approval, will pursue further stages of clinical trials in India and undertake large scale manufacture of the vaccine at its GMP facility located in Genome Valley, Hyderabad. According to Bharat Biotech, this intranasal vaccine candidate has shown unprecedented levels of protection in mice studies; the technology and data having been recently published in the prestigious scientific journal ‘Cell' and in an editorial in ‘Nature'. "We are proud to collaborate on this innovative vaccine. We envision that we will scale this vaccine to 1 billion doses, translating to 1 billion individuals vaccinated receiving a single-dose regimen. An intranasal vaccine will not only be simple to administer but reduce the use of medical consumables such as needles, syringes, etc., significantly impacting the overall cost of a vaccination drive," said Krishna Ella, Chairman and Managing Director of Bharat Biotech. "Our experience in viral vaccines, manufacturing capabilities, and distribution continue to be our strong suit in ensuring safe, efficacious, and affordable vaccines. It is prudent for Bharat to be involved in diverse but tenable projects to provide a much-needed vaccine against Covid-19 reaches all citizens of the world," he added. David T. Curiel, Director of Biologic Therapeutics Center and Professor of Radiation Oncology at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis and Precision Virologics Interim CEO said that the ability to accomplish effective immunization with a single nasal dose is a major advantage, offering broader reach and easier administration. "An effective nasal dose not only protects against Covid-19, but it also prevents the spread of the disease by offering another kind of immunity that occurs primarily in the cells that line the nose and throat. Most other vaccine candidates currently under development can't do that," he said. This vaccine expands Bharat's portfolio of vaccines that are currently being developed and are in various stages of clinical development including Covaxin which is currently in Phase II human clinical trials in India, the company said. <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/stock-market/news/reliance-jio-share-price-is-twice-as-valued-as-bharti-airtel-stock-while-vodafone-idea-vi-ranks-third/articleshow/78269261.cms">Reliance Jio is now twice as valued as Airtel that is down 25% from its peak in May</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/defense/news/china-has-hardened-its-stance-experts-decode-the-india-china-joint-statement-on-border-tensions/articleshow/78270081.cms">China has hardened its stance — experts decode the India-China joint statement on border tensions</a>

Bharat Biotech partners with Washington varsity for intranasal COVID-19 vaccine

<ul class="summary-list"><li>A researcher is developing a nasal spray using custom proteins that could protect against COVID-19.</li><li>David Baker believes it's possible to make a similar spray that protects against even more viruses.</li></ul>A prominent researcher has designed a nasal spray that he hopes will protect people from getting sick with COVID-19. For him, it's an early step toward his ultimate goal of crafting a virus-fighting cocktail that could work against several common infections.The spray, in development by David Baker at the <a href="https://www.ipd.uw.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Institute for Protein Design at the University of Washington</a>, aims to block the SARS-CoV-2 virus from entering cells and activating the immune system in the first place.Baker's lab plans to start early human testing of the nasal spray later this year to make sure it's safe and test its efficacy. The lab has reported <a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scitranslmed.abn1252?cookieSet=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">promising results in mice</a>.If it works, Baker wants to take the idea a step further — what if a nasal spray could protect against not just COVID-19, but also the flu and the common cold? Baker believes that a cocktail of proteins, delivered up a person's nose every few days, could provide meaningful protection from the most common respiratory viruses.Baker's lab has spun out <a href="https://www.geekwire.com/2022/spinning-out-science-startups-uws-institute-for-protein-design-brings-research-beyond-ivory-tower/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">eight companies</a> in the Seattle area, including <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/see-how-monod-bio-raised-25-million-to-revolutionize-diagnostics-2022-8">Monod Bio</a> and <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/top-biotech-startups-on-the-west-coast-2022-8#a-alpha-bio-1">A-Alpha Bio.</a> Baker won a <a href="https://breakthroughprize.org/Laureates/2/L3892" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Life Sciences Breakthrough Prize</a> in 2021 for his work on protein design. <div type="image" title="A researcher wearing an aubergine puffer coat and a fabric mask with a cat face on it works in the lab at the Institute for Protein Design." height="853" width="1137" msid="97533018" hostid="261" sizebytes="66574"></div>To be clear, Baker's spray is different from a vaccine. Vaccines stimulate the immune system to recognize and fight off an invading pathogen. Baker's spray contains <a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abd9909" target="_blank" rel="noopener">proteins designed</a> to stick to the parts of the SARS-CoV-2 virus that it uses to enter human cells, rendering them inert.The spray will need to prove itself in several successively larger clinical trials before it becomes available more broadly, a process that typically takes years. Even if it wins approval, Baker said there's not yet a viable business model for this kind of therapeutic — another hurdle that will need to be overcome.Baker and his lab are also working on sprays for the flu, MERS, and RSV. Baker told Insider that nasal sprays for these viruses are about halfway through animal trials right now, with no human trials scheduled yet.Using AI, his ultimate goal is to create a nasal spray that's full of proteins that can block many different viruses.Baker said that researchers could ask an AI engine, which he compared to the <a href="https://openai.com/blog/dall-e/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">image-generator DALL-E,</a> to spit out protein designs that can counteract rhinovirus, MERS, SARS-CoV-2, and the flu. Then the proteins could be manufactured and placed in a nasal spray.Completely <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/09/science/artificial-intelligence-proteins.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">new proteins designed with AI</a> could theoretically be made to deal with very specific problems — like latching onto the right part of a virus to block it from getting a foothold in human cells.Baker said that designed proteins are more stable than naturally occurring proteins, so they won't degrade before they make it to one's nose. And the proteins are potent, so you can pack a lot of different types of proteins in the spray without losing effectiveness.It'll probably be a while before we can bid goodbye to the winter sniffles. But the next time you come down with a cold, take some comfort in knowing it might not always be this way.

A scientist is using AI to design a nasal spray that could protect us from the flu, COVID, and colds

(Eds: With file pics) Hyderabad, Two major vaccine makers from Hyderabad, <keyword id="1379126" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Biological-E" source="Orion">Biological E</keyword> Ltd and <keyword id="149108" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="bharat-biotech" source="Orion">Bharat Biotech</keyword>, together are holding about 250 million doses of COVID-19 vaccines ready to dispatch as and when orders are received. According to respective company sources, Biological E is holding 200 million doses of its COVID-19 vaccine <keyword id="11370342" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="corbevax" source="Orion">Corbevax</keyword> while Bharat Biotech is sitting on a stockpile of 50 million doses of Covaxin. Dr Vikram Paradkar, Executive Vice President (Manufacturing), Biological E, said the firm produced about 30 crore doses of Corbevax in total, abiding by the vaccine manufacturing commitment to the Central government. In March '22, Biological E successfully supplied 10 crore doses to the government. "Currently, we have approximately 20 crore (200 million) doses that are fully tested and ready for supply, as and when we receive orders. Additionally, we manufactured 20 crore doses equivalent of the antigen which will help us ramp up the manufacturing of the Corbevax finished product quickly," Paradkar told PTI. The vaccine has been developed by Biological E in collaboration with Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development (Texas Children's CVD) and Baylor College of Medicine (Baylor) in Houston, Texas, USA. He further said Biological E can begin with the additional vaccine supplies within eight weeks of future orders and can manufacture and supply approximately 10 crore doses of Corbevax on a monthly basis as per its qualified manufacturing capacity. Bharat Biotech sources said the vaccine maker has more than 50 million doses of Covaxin readily available in vials, and over 200 million doses as drug substance. "Additional production capacity is also available to meet product demand," they said adding fresh stocks of the vaccine are available and ready for supplies. Covaxin, India's indigenous COVID-19 vaccine, was developed in collaboration with the <keyword id="6364555" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="indian-council-of-medical-research" source="Orion">Indian Council of Medical Research</keyword> (ICMR) - National Institute of Virology (NIV). Due to lack of product demand, production stoppage of Covaxin was initiated earlier this year and also the 50 million doses in vials are set to expire during early 2023, resulting in losses to the company, sources had earlier said. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/rise-in-active-covid-19-cases-in-bihar-no-need-for-panic-says-expert/articleshow/96561025.cms">Rise in active COVID-19 cases in Bihar; no need for panic, says expert</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/health/news/covid-19-nasal-vaccine-bharat-biotechs-incovacc-is-the-first-approved-intranasal-vaccine-in-the-world/slidelist/96542239.cms">All you need to know about the world’s first Covid-19 nasal vaccine - iNCOVACC</a>

You Searched For "covid 19 nasal vaccine" and got 11 results

Putin says he took an experimental nasal COVID-19 vaccine

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A nasal COVID-19 vaccine could be the solution to ending the pandemic, experts say, and early trial data looks promising

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A future COVID-19 vaccine could be squirted up the nose. The nasal spray could stop transmission, especially in kids.

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Researchers are now working on an oral Covid-19 vaccine that people can 'drink'

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Fauci: Vaccinated people who contract COVID-19 are far less likely to spread the virus than unvaccinated people

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The needle-free COVID-19 treatments undergoing testing right now

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Ideal time for COVID-19 booster shot is six months after the second dose, says Bharat Biotech MD

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More than a dozen gorillas tested positive for COVID-19 at an Atlanta zoo

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Bharat Biotech partners with Washington varsity for intranasal COVID-19 vaccine

A scientist is using AI to design a nasal spray that could protect us from the flu, COVID, and colds

Sarah Braner

Biological E, Bharat Biotech together sitting on stockpile of 250 million COVID vaccine doses

PTI

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