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<ul class="summary-list"><li>IBM security researchers said Thursday they'd detected a coordinated global hacking campaign targeting the <keyword id="8763838" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="covid-19">COVID-19</keyword> <keyword id="24209" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="vaccine">vaccine</keyword> "<keyword id="850723" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="Cold-Chain">cold chain</keyword>."</li><li>Some COVID-19 vaccines, like the one made by Pfizer, need to be kept at fantastically cold temperatures throughout the supply chain.</li><li>IBM said it does not yet know who's behind the attacks, but suspects the <keyword id="11094" type="ENTERTAINMENT" weightage="60" keywordseo="Hackers">hackers</keyword> may be state-backed.</li><li>The hackers posed as an executive from Haier Biomedical, a real firm involved in the cold chain, IBM said.</li></ul>Hackers have been trying to break into the supply chain that will help COVID-19 vaccines get delivered at the required deep-freeze temperature, IBM said in a <a href="https://securityintelligence.com/posts/ibm-uncovers-global-phishing-covid-19-vaccine-cold-chain/">report</a> Thursday.IBM security researchers found a "global phishing campaign," which it said systematically targeted companies involved in the so-called COVID-19 "cold chain."COVID-19 vaccines like the one made by Pfizer — which yesterday <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/pfizer-and-biontech-covid-19-vaccines-approved-by-uk-regulator-2020-11">gained approval from the UK government</a> and will start <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/pfizer-biontech-covid-vaccine-approved-uk-who-first-how-many-2020-12">rolling out shots next week</a> — need to be kept at extraordinarily cold temperatures to remain viable. <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/vaccine-cold-chain-why-coronavirus-shot-needs-to-be-cold-2020-11">Pfizer's vaccine needs to be kept at -94 degrees Fahrenheit</a>, and has to be transported in a special briefcase filled with dry ice. Phishing attacks are when hackers send a message to the target trying to obtain sensitive information, such as passwords, by posing as someone else. In this case, the hackers targeted executives across a range of groups associated with the The Cold Chain Equipment Optimization Platform (CCEOP) program, which was launched by the Vaccine Alliance and UNICEF.The emails claimed to be from an executive at Haier Biomedical, a real partner of the CCEOP program, and targeted companies involved in the transport of future COVID-19 vaccines.The emails both asked for credentials and contained lines of malicious code. "It is highly likely that the adversary strategically chose to impersonate Haier Biomedical because it is purported to be the world's only complete cold chain provider," IBM noted.Read more: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-moderna-developed-coronavirus-vaccine-record-time-2020-11?r=ih-sub">Inside Moderna's historic coronavirus vaccine program that transformed the biotech upstart into a $57 billion drug industry powerhouse</a>IBM said the campaign started in September 2020 and covered six countries, including Germany, Italy, and South Korea."While firm attribution could not be established for this campaign, the precision targeting of executives and key global organizations hold the potential hallmarks of nation-state tradecraft," IBM said. It also said its analysis didn't show whether the attacks were successful.This isn't the first time researchers have found hackers targeting the COVID-19 vaccine. Microsoft announced in November it had detected efforts from <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/covid-19-vaccine-covid-vaccine-north-korean-russian-hackers-microsoft-2020-11">North Korea and Russia-backed hackers</a> to infiltrate the systems of COVID-19 vaccine-makers.

A coordinated, global network of hackers tried to break into the COVID-19 'cold chain,' which transports vaccines at -94 degrees Fahrenheit

New Delhi, May 6 () Promoters of cold chain projects on Wednesday demanded that the government should provide subsidy on power tariff as they are facing cash crunch because of the nationwide lockdown. The demand was made by cold chain promoters during an interaction via video conferencing with Food Processing Minister Harsimrat Kaur Badal. The minister emphasised the importance of food processing enterprises, especially the Integrated Cold Chain Network, in the present uncertain and evolving circumstances in view of the COVID pandemic, an official statement said. This network saves the farmers from uncertain circumstances and also facilitates stabilization of market prices, it added. The food processing industry has the potential to absorb the excess farm produce, thereby benefiting the farmers and at the same time, convert the harvest into a value added processed product that can meet the domestic as well as the global demand, the statement said. Minister of State for Food Processing Rameswar Teli was also present at the video conferencing with the promoters of completed integrated cold chain projects supported by the Union Food Processing Ministry in Haryana, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir and Rajasthan. The promoters of 38 cold chain projects across five states participated in the deliberation and shared their experience gained and problems faced in completing the projects, the official statement said. Further, the promoters also shared hardships and problems faced in running the cold chain projects during the lockdown period. They expressed concerns about the decision of the local government authorities to limit the hours of operations of mandis to avoid overcrowding, saying this has affected procurement operations. The issue of hike in freight cost by 30 per cent and its impact on exports was raised by them. Citing the low domestic demand amidst the pandemic, the industry representatives from the cold chain sector unanimously pitched for subsidy in the power tariffs. "They urged that a cold store needs to function 24/7 and the plant compressors cannot be shut at any point of time," the statement said. MJH MKJ

Lockdown: Cold chain operators seek subsidy on power tariff

<ul class="summary-list"><li><keyword id="44612" type="CITY" weightage="60" keywordseo="Pfizer">Pfizer</keyword>'s new <keyword id="1754604" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="coronavirus">coronavirus</keyword> vaccine will need to be kept hyper-cold, at -94 degrees Fahrenheit, as it is shipped around the globe. That could make it difficult to get the vaccine distributed, especially in rural areas.</li><li>The company has developed a special dry ice briefcase that can keep its <keyword id="79555" type="TECHNOLOGY" weightage="60" keywordseo="Vaccines">vaccines</keyword> safe for 10 days. </li><li>But that may not be enough time, especially since the multi-shot course requires two inoculations, spread three weeks apart.</li><li>Here's how cold chains work, and why they're so critical to administering good vaccines.</li></ul>-94 degrees Fahrenheit. That's how cold <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/pfizer-coronavirus-vaccine-success-plans-for-emergency-approval-fda-2020-9">Pfizer's new coronavirus vaccine</a> needs to be kept as it journeys around the globe. It's so chilly that no regular freezer (0°F) fits the bill. So cold that it must be shipped out on dry ice. The two-shot course, which the company announced was more than 90% effective at preventing COVID-19 in late-stage human trials earlier this week, could get an <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/coronavirus-vaccine-timeline-what-to-watch-leading-research-2020-3">emergency approval</a> by the US Food and Drug Administration in a matter of<a href="https://news.bloomberglaw.com/coronavirus/fauci-says-eua-on-pfizer-vaccine-likely-to-come-in-a-week-or-so"> weeks</a>. But the vaccine must be kept so cold that the company is set to ship it out in special dry ice briefcases (built to stay cool 10 days) outfitted with GPS trackers that keep track of their temperature. Pfizer already has "a stretch of land the size of a football field" in Kalamazoo, Michigan as its vaccine shipping hub, "outfitted with 350 large freezers," the <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/pfizer-sets-up-its-biggest-ever-vaccination-distribution-campaign-11603272614">Wall Street Journal</a> reports. That's just the first segment of the vaccine "cold chain," the critical multi-part pipeline that will keep the shots chilled and ready to work, all the way from manufacturer to your veins.Many places in the US are signaling they aren't quite ready to make this vaccine chain work. Some hospitals are rushing <a href="https://www.baltimoresun.com/coronavirus/bs-hs-maryland-hospitals-buy-freezers-for-vaccine-20201112-lhc76vlcszghrhn4airnqdbuky-story.html">to buy ultra-cold freezers</a> to keep the vaccines at the proper temperature.Here's what has to go right in the cold chain for you to eventually get a coronavirus vaccine.<h2>Many vaccines need to be kept chilly to work right</h2><div type="image" title="vaccines need dry ice" height="1316" width="1754" msid="79214358" hostid="261"></div>A tuna salad sandwich taken out of the fridge a little early isn't a big deal. But if clinicians or transporters accidentally warm up a vaccine too much before sticking it inside a person, that might ruin the shot.Not all vaccines thrive at the same <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5242a6.htm">temperatures</a>. Many of the most common vaccines, including polio, measles, and tetanus vaccines, all do well in the fridge, at temperatures around 35-46 degrees Fahrenheit (2-8° C).But Pfizer says its new coronavirus vaccine should be kept at -94°F (-70° C), in order to safeguard the shots' effectiveness. It's possible that the vaccine could be fine at temperatures above that, but scientists were in such a rush to create the vaccine that they don't know for sure. Other coronavirus shots, if they win approval, wouldn't need to be so cold. Moderna's vaccine, which is still in late-stage trials, is kept at a more moderate -4°F (-20° C), very similar to the <a href="https://tass.com/society/1200797">temperature required for Russia's coronavirus</a> shot. <h2>If the cold chain breaks, shots don't work as well</h2><div type="image" title="pfizer_vaccine_trial" height="1125" width="2000" msid="79214359" hostid="261"></div>It's not uncommon, even at more regular vaccine refrigeration temperatures, for a link in the cold chain to break. "Each year, storage and handling errors result in revaccination of many patients and significant financial loss due to wasted vaccines," the CDC says in its <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/admin/storage/toolkit/storage-handling-toolkit.pdf">cold chain toolkit</a>.<div type="image" title="cold chain " height="1183" width="2200" msid="79214361" hostid="261"></div>Analysts from UBS Bank expect that roughly 5-10% of the Pfizer vaccine may be rendered ineffective, "due to inadequate storage conditions."Some of the waste will likely go undetected, meaning that people might get ineffective shots, and won't be well-protected from infection. <h2>The last leg of the chain, in clinics, doctors offices, and pharmacies, may be the hardest to keep cold </h2><div type="image" title="vaccines kept cold" height="1033" width="1377" msid="79214364" hostid="261"></div>The trickiest part of the cold chain will likely be the end. Pfizer's special cold boxes are designed to ship vaccines in increments of at least 1,000 doses at a time, which may make getting small batches of shots out to rural areas hard. The vaccine can survive in the fridge for up to five days, but after that it has to be thrown out, because re-freezing doesn't work, as <a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/most-states-arent-ready-to-distribute-the-leading-covid-19-vaccine">ProPublica recently reported</a>.That means in order to keep the vaccines chilled properly for more than the 10 days the briefcase lasts, many places will likely resort to re-packing their shots on dry ice, which is <a href="https://www.wbur.org/commonhealth/2020/09/04/covid-vaccine-dry-ice-shortage">already in short supply</a> during the pandemic. The dry ice stock for the vaccines can be replenished safely three times, according to ProPublica, meaning the vaccine could, in theory, survive outside high-tech freezers for a full 40 days. But only if strict guidelines are followed during that time. Pfizer reportedly told the CDC that the cold briefcases should not be opened more than twice a day in order to keep the proper chill, and any time they are, they should be "closed within 1 minute," <a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/business/business-news/pfizer-readies-herculean-effort-distribute-coronavirus-vaccine-n1247147">NBC reported</a>.Given that in order to be fully effective, the Pfizer vaccine requires two doses administered <a href="https://www.pfizer.com/news/press-release/press-release-detail/pfizer-and-biontech-announce-vaccine-candidate-against">three weeks</a> apart, the 40 day timing is going to be tight, especially in rural areas.The company is signaling its chilling issue may only be temporary, though.<a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/pfizer-is-developing-powder-version-of-its-covid-19-vaccine-2020-11">Pfizer's chief scientific officer told Business Insider</a> earlier this week that the company is looking into a "powder format" vaccine for next year that could likely be kept alongside many other shots in the fridge.

Pfizer's vaccine relies on a 'cold chain' that keeps the shots colder than a freezer. Here's how it works.

New Delhi, May 4 () Food Processing Minister Harsimrat Kaur Badal on Monday interacted with promoters of cold chain projects in Maharashtra and discussed the impact on their businesses due to the coronavirus-forced lockdown. In the deliberation held through video conferencing, among the issues discussed were: piling of stocks of frozen vegetables and dairy products because of reduced demand in the domestic market and difficulty in exports. The virtual interaction was attended by 38 promoters of the completed 'Integrated Cold Chain Projects' supported by the Ministry of Food Processing in Maharashtra. Minister of State for Food Processing Rameshwar Teli was also present in the meeting, an official statement said. Badal discussed with them the adverse impact of lockdown on operations, raw material availability and its high cost, labour and logistics issues, and high inventory costs.The issue of liquidity crunch also featured in the deliberation. The cold chain promoters talked about the challenges being faced in operations during the lockdown period, it said. Badal emphasised on the need to leverage the collective strength of the 'Integrated Cold Chain' network to cope with the COVID-19 crisis that has posed a serious challenge to the existing supply chain of food products."They discussed issues such as piling stocks of frozen vegetables and processed dairy products not finding their traditional markets like restaurants, banquets, hotels etc amidst the lockdown and further, the difficulty in exporting these products," the statement said. MJH MKJMKJ

Harsimrat Badal takes stock of lockdown's impact on cold chain projects in Maharashtra

New Delhi, Dec 27 () Billionaire Gautam Adani's port-to-power Adani group has acquired majority stake in Snowman Logistics Ltd for Rs 296 crore to foray into cold chain logistics.
 Adani Logistics Ltd, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Adani Ports and SEZ Ltd, signed definitive agreements to acquire 40.25 per cent stake in Snowman Logistics Ltd from Gateway Distriparks Ltd, the company said in a statement.
 Snowman is market leader in cold chain logistics with over 30 per cent of capacity amongst integrated organised cold chain service providers in India.
 The acquisition gives Adani Logistics platform to double its capacity in the next five years. The buyout is in line with the firm's strategy to move from port gate to customer gate.
 "The purchase price of Rs 44 per share represents a 8 per cent premium to the market price of December 27, 2019 and a 12 per cent premium to 60 day average," it said.
 As part of the transaction, Adani Logistics will make a mandatory open offer as per the Substantial Acquisition of Shares and Takeover Guidelines, 2011 for a maximum 26 per cent of the public shareholding in the Snowman Logistics.
 Acquisition is subject to customary condition precedents and expected to close by March 31, 2020.
 Karan Adani, Chief Executive Officer and Whole Time Director of APSEZ said, "The acquisition is in line with our strategy and vision to be a leader in providing integrated logistics services in India and moving from port gate to customer gate. Cold chain is key product in customer gate strategy given India's consumer driven demand. We will double the capacity in next 5 years. 
 "With focus on increase in utilization, higher realization from product mix and operational efficiencies, this vertical will help further improve returns of logistics business".
 Incorporated in 1994, Snowman Logistics is in the business of integrated cold chain logistics providing warehousing, distribution and value added services.
 With over 25 years of expertise, the firm is the largest organized player in the country with pan India presence operating 31 temperature-controlled warehouses at 15 strategic locations. The company infrastructure includes warehousing capacity of 1,04,343 pallets and 293 refrigerated vehicles.
 Adani Logistics has expertise in handling varied customer across segments like retail, industrial, bulk, break-bulk, liquids, auto and grain handling. It currently operates 5 logistics parks, 55 rakes, 400,000 sq ft of warehousing space, 5,000-plus containers, 0.9 million tonnes of grain silos and 9 inland waterways vessels.
 The company is targeting 15-plus logistics parks, 200-plus rakes, 5 million sq ft of warehouse space, over 15,000 containers, 2.5 million tonnes of grain silos and 25 inland waterways vessels by 2025, the statement said.
 Adani Ports and Special Economic Zone (APSEZ), a part of globally diversified Adani Group, is the largest port developer and operator in India. Its 10 strategically located ports and terminals - Mundra, Dahej, Kandla and Hazira in Gujarat, Dhamra in Odisha, Mormugao in Goa, Visakhapatnam in Andhra Pradesh, and Kattupalli and Ennore in Chennai - represent 24 per cent of the country's total port capacity, handling vast amounts of cargo from both coastal areas and the vast hinterland. The company is also developing a transhipment port at Vizhinjam, Kerala. ANZ MR
MR

Adani forays into cold chain logistics with Rs 296 cr acquisition of Snowman Logistics

<ul><li>The agreement builds on the Africa Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Cooling and Cold-chain (ACES) . </li><li>The UK and UN Environment technical assistance programme is funded by Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs.</li><li>Conventional cooling technologies are highly polluting due to climate impact of refrigerants . </li></ul> The <keyword id="199494" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="university-of-birmingham" source="Orion">University of Birmingham</keyword> and <keyword id="41646" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="haryana" source="Orion">Haryana</keyword> have signed a Memorandum of Understanding to develop a centre of excellence in the state to boost crop post harvest management and sustainable cold chains, the varsity has said in a statement. The decision to create Haryana Centre of Excellence was taken at the Global summit organised by the Centre for Sustainable Cooling in Birmingham on Tuesday, giving it the mandate to conduct state-of-the-art applied research and provide capacity building and training, an innovation and business hub and technology testing/demonstration centre. "The Haryana Centre of Excellence will conduct state-of-the-art applied research and provide capacity building and training, an innovation and business hub and technology testing/demonstration centre. It will connect experts, investors, agri-food business, farmer cooperatives, and energy or logistics providers to deliver sustainable cooling," the statement from the University of Birmingham, which hosted the summit, said. The agreement builds on the Africa Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Cooling and Cold-chain (ACES) developed with the Government of Rwanda and <keyword id="7285" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="un-environment-programme" source="Orion">UN Environment Programme</keyword> at the <keyword id="4201630" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="university-of-rwanda" source="Orion">University of Rwanda</keyword>. It also follows an MoU signed earlier this year with the Indian State of Telangana for a Telangana Centre of Excellence. The UK and UN Environment technical assistance programme is funded by Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. Present on the occasion, <keyword id="8733528" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="jai-parkash-dalal" source="Orion">Jai Parkash Dalal</keyword>, Haryana's minister for Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, said: "The UK-Haryana Centre for post-harvest &amp; cold chain will be a big leap towards developing and demonstrating post-harvest technologies that will enhance the shelf life of perishable produce. The Centre will not only cater needs of farmers but also researchers and entrepreneurs". Approximately 60 per cent of food should be refrigerated at some point in the food supply chain - a number which will only increase as countries look to meet <keyword id="3374594" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="un-sustainable-development-goals" source="Orion">UN Sustainable Development Goals</keyword>, feed a fast-growing population and adapt to a warming world and fast degrading environment. <keyword id="12932657" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="caroline-rowett" source="Orion">Caroline Rowett</keyword>, the British Deputy High Commissioner, Chandigarh, said that centre of excellence will help improve the functionality and efficiency of the farm to fork supply. "This is an excellent opportunity for them to work together to develop and showcase technology to help improve the functionality and efficiency of the 'farm to fork' supply chain. Farmers will have the tools to improve the storage and transportation of their produce to ensure it reaches the consumer in perfect condition," she said. Lack of effective refrigeration results in the loss of 526 million tons of food produced (12 per cent of the global total) with developing countries refrigerating less than 20 per cent of their production. These food losses result in an estimated 1 gigaton of CO2-eq emissions each year globally, in addition to wasting agricultural inputs such as land, fertilisers, water and energy. Equally, 25 per cent of vaccines reach their destination with degraded efficacy mainly due to failures within the cold-chains; 20 per cent of temperature-sensitive pharmaceutical products are damaged due to broken cold-chains. Conventional cooling technologies are highly polluting due to climate impact of refrigerants (HFCs) and indirect emissions from energy use. They account for 7 per cent of all global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and these emissions could double by 2030, and triple by 2100. <keyword id="13071369" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="toby-peters" source="Orion">Toby Peters</keyword>, CSC Director and Professor of Cold Economy at the University of Birmingham and Heriot-Watt University, said: "We must now figure out how to provide the globally connected cold-chains for a well-functioning society in an efficient, affordable, equitable and sustainable manner". "Temperature-controlled supply chains networks are complex, requiring coordination across multiple stakeholders countries and continents. We need to understand the interplay with renewable energy, climate friendly refrigerants," he said. SEE ALSO: <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/railways-increased-the-speed-of-500-mail-express-trains-by-10-70-minutes/articleshow/94641676.cms">Railways increased the speed of 500 mail express trains by 10-70 minutes</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/news/upi-is-indias-favourite-payment-mode-with-transactions-worth-30-4-trillion-in-april-june-says-report/articleshow/94642629.cms">UPI is India’s favourite payment mode with transactions worth ₹30.4 trillion in April-June, says report</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/telecom/news/reliance-jio-to-begin-beta-trial-of-5g-in-four-cities-on-dussehra-with-unlimited-data/articleshow/94645577.cms">Reliance Jio to begin beta trial of 5G in four cities on Dussehra with unlimited data</a>

University of Birmingham, Haryana to create centre of excellence in state to boost crop post harvest management

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Three billion people may be denied a COVID-19 <keyword id="24209" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="vaccine">vaccine</keyword> when it's here because a number of countries don't have sufficient cold storage facilities, <a href="https://apnews.com/article/virus-outbreak-pandemics-immunizations-epidemics-united-nations-fc4c536d62c5ef25152884adb1c14168">the Associated Press reported</a>.</li><li>Most vaccines need to kept at between 2 and 8 degrees Celsius, but the vaccine candidates from <keyword id="4912868" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="moderna">Moderna</keyword> and <keyword id="44612" type="CITY" weightage="60" keywordseo="Pfizer">Pfizer</keyword> need temperatures of minus 15 and minus 70 Celsius respectively.</li><li>Parts of Central Asia, India, southeast Asia, Latin America, and "all but a tiny corner of Africa" are most in need of cold storage facilities, the AP reported.</li><li>A vaccine is yet to be approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/coronavirus-vaccine-timeline-what-to-watch-leading-research-2020-3">with a number of companies nearing the end of clinical trials</a>.</li><li>Other parts of the vaccine supply chain, such as a <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/coronavirus-vaccine-glass-vial-shortage-could-delay-global-rollout-2020-5">shortage of glass vials</a>, could also hamper a global inoculation drive.</li></ul>Billions of people may have to wait for <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/coronavirus-vaccine-timeline-what-to-watch-leading-research-2020-3">a COVID-19 vaccine</a> because of a dearth of effective cold storage facilities. Most vaccines need to be stored, transported, and administered at consistent, cool temperatures, usually <a href="https://www.england.nhs.uk/mids-east/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2015/07/cold-chain.pdf">between 2 and 8 degrees Celsius.</a>But a number of trial vaccines nearing the end of clinical trials require far lower temperatures, because they are <a href="https://www.phgfoundation.org/briefing/rna-vaccines">RNA vaccines</a> — a type of vaccine that carries instructions to cells to build protein.Those working on RNA vaccines include Moderna, which <a href="https://www.fiercepharma.com/manufacturing/pfizer-moderna-s-covid-19-shot-rollouts-could-be-ice-as-analysts-question-cold">requires its vaccine</a> to to be stored at minus 15 degrees Celsius, and Pfizer, which has <a href="https://www.marketwatch.com/story/moderna-and-pfizers-covid-19-vaccine-candidates-require-ultra-low-temperatures-raising-questions-about-storage-distribution-2020-08-27">told the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a> that its vaccine must be stored at minus 70 degrees Celsius.But these stringent requirements may mean countries lacking sufficient cold storage facilities are unable to inoculate their populations in their entirety, <a href="https://apnews.com/article/virus-outbreak-pandemics-immunizations-epidemics-united-nations-fc4c536d62c5ef25152884adb1c14168">according to the Associated Press.</a><a href="https://apnews.com/article/virus-outbreak-pandemics-immunizations-epidemics-united-nations-fc4c536d62c5ef25152884adb1c14168"><div type="image" title="vaccine" height="1426" width="2852" msid="78748340" hostid="261"></div></a>The AP identified parts of Central Asia, India, southeast Asia, Latin America, and "all but a tiny corner of Africa" as the areas most in need of cold storage facilities. Dr. Alberto Paniz-Mondolfi, a pathologist in Venezuela, told the AP that his country's infrastructure may not be developed enough to see a vaccine delivered to rural areas safely."I'm not optimistic on how the vaccine would be distributed in the inner states because there is no infrastructure of any kind to guarantee delivery — or if it gets delivered, guarantees the adequate preservation under cold conditions," he said.The national vaccination director of Burkina Faso, Issa Ouedraogo, told the AP that the country requires around 1,000 extra clinical refrigerators to store <keyword id="1754604" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="coronavirus">coronavirus</keyword> vaccines. Only 40% of health centers have reliable fridges, he added.<div type="image" title="astrazeneca covid vaccine" height="512" width="1024" msid="78748342" hostid="261"></div>India is also concerned that it will not be able to safely store enough vaccine doses for its 1.3 billion citizens, given that they may require extremely cold temperatures."Most if not all the current frontrunners require extremely stringent cold chains, making them immensely challenging for India to implement," Satyajit Rath, of the National Institute of Immunology (NII,) <a href="https://www.livemint.com/science/health/as-india-preps-for-covid-vaccine-ramping-up-cold-storage-facilities-critical-11602142743574.html">told the Press Trust of India.</a>Sam Roscoe, a senior lecturer in operations management at the University of Sussex and a fellow at the UK Trade Policy Observatory, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/covid-19-vaccine-experts-warn-glass-vials-planes-storage-shortage-2020-9">previously told Business Insider</a>: "The World Health Organization, <a href="https://www.fastcompany.com/90565526/unicef-is-stockpiling-half-a-billion-syringes-to-get-ready-for-a-covid-19-vaccine">UNICEF</a>, and USAID will have an important role to play in ensuring the current lack of cold storage does not impede the vaccine being distributed around the world." A September report <a href="https://www.dhl.com/content/dam/dhl/global/core/documents/pdf/glo-core-delivering-pandemic-resilience-2020.pdf">from the German logistics giant DHL</a> said that "temperature requirements are likely to be the main challenge" to a COVID-19 vaccine rollout."Regions with a particularly warm climate and those with limited cold-chain logistics infrastructure will pose the biggest challenge in a stringent vaccine distribution scenario," it said.<div type="image" title="coronavirus vaccine" height="512" width="1024" msid="78748344" hostid="261"></div>In an article <a href="https://theconversation.com/keeping-coronavirus-vaccines-at-subzero-temperatures-during-distribution-will-be-hard-but-likely-key-to-ending-pandemic-146071">in The Conversation</a>, Anna Nagurney, professor of operations management at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, also said the supply chain is currently able to handle the production and rollout of around 6.4 billion flu vaccines a year — which is not enough for the entire world."The current vaccine cold chain is not up to the task, and expanding the supply chain is not going to be easy," she said.Other logistics companies are upping their cold storage capabilities in anticipation.UPS is constructing two "freezer farms" containing "600 deep-freezers that can each hold 48,000 vials of vaccine at temperatures as low as -80 Celsius," <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-08-03/ups-readies-freezer-farms-to-ship-virus-vaccine-if-we-get-one">Bloomberg reported.</a>And a mission to ensure that the world's poorest do have access to a vaccine, when it is ready, is already underway.Covax — which is run by the World Health Organization, Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, and the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations — aims to <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/china-joins-covax-vaccine-alliance-us-refuses-who-2020-10">administer two billion doses to the world's poorest by 2022.</a>Covax plans to prioritize vaccines that can be stored at 2 to 8 degrees Celsius, the AP said.<div type="image" title="china coronavirus vaccine" height="2656" width="5312" msid="78748347" hostid="261"></div>Experts also worry that other parts of the vaccine supply chain are not equipped to handle a global vaccination drive.For example, there <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/coronavirus-vaccine-glass-vial-shortage-could-delay-global-rollout-2020-5">is a shortage of glass vials</a> used to bottle vaccines and fears that <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/covid-19-vaccine-experts-warn-glass-vials-planes-storage-shortage-2020-9">there will not be enough cargo planes</a> to transport the vaccine all over the world."They can't be left on a tarmac and fought over because they would actually be spoiled and they would have no value — or worse still, people would still be trying to distribute them," Glyn Hughes, the global head of cargo for the International Air Transport Association, told the AP.Several drugmakers are currently in the final stages of clinical vaccine trials.Pfizer and BioNTech <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/covid-19-vaccine-pfizer-fda-authorization-november-2020-10">said last week</a> that they hope to submit their RNA vaccine candidates for emergency-use approval by the US Food and Drug Administration in late November.

3 billion people could struggle to get a COVID-19 vaccine because the world doesn't have enough fridges to store it

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image"></div></div></div><ul class="summary-list"><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/category/starbucks">Starbucks</a> is rolling out a new Pumpkin Cream Cold Brew alongside its iconic <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/starbucks-pumpkin-spice-latte-to-return-august-27-launch-date-2019-8">Pumpkin Spice Latte this year. </a></li><li>The new drink highlights Starbucks' growing emphasis on cold beverages, which now make up half of the chain's sales. </li><li>It also makes sense for Starbucks to roll out a cold drink for the chain's earliest ever PSL launch date, following one of the hottest summers in recorded history. </li><li><a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/">Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories.</a></li></ul>Starbucks is rolling out a PSL-themed cold brew this year. On Monday, Starbucks announced that a new Pumpkin Cream Cold Brew would roll out alongside the classic Pumpkin Spice Latte. The Pumpkin Cream Cold Brew is the first new pumpkin coffee beverage to join Starbucks' menu in 16 years, and it will combine the chain's cold brew, vanilla, pumpkin cream foam, and pumpkin spice topping. Read more: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/starbucks-confirms-pumpkin-spice-latte-returns-on-august-27-2019-8">Starbucks confirms that the Pumpkin Spice Latte is coming back earlier than ever before</a>Both drinks will hit menus on Tuesday, August 27. And, both offer some key insights into Starbucks' strategy. Here's why Starbucks is rolling out a Pumpkin Cream Cold Brew:

Starbucks is rolling out Pumpkin Cream Cold Brew, and it reveals how climate change and a fundamental shift in the chain's strategy are transforming the menu

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Cold drinks made up three-quarters of <keyword id="6377922" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="starbucks">Starbucks</keyword> sales this quarter.</li><li>Cold drinks tend to be more expensive with customization options.</li><li>Starbucks is investing in cold drinks with a new cold brew system and social media ordering. </li></ul>Starbucks just shared record-breaking earnings, driven by the chain's popular cold drinks.74% of drinks sold in the US in the third quarter, which ended June 27, were cold beverages. That was 13% higher than in the previous quarter. Some of that growth can likely be attributed to customers preferring cold drinks in warmer months, but that's good <keyword id="6355005" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="news">news</keyword> for Starbucks. Cold drinks are generally the more expensive, premium drinks sold at the <keyword id="6354798" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="coffee">coffee</keyword> chain. The category includes cold brew, nitro cold brew, iced shaken espresso, and refreshers. A grande nitro cold brew, for example, costs $4.95 in a suburb of Rochester, New York. A grande iced chocolate almond milk shaken espresso costs $5.45, and grande refreshers are $3.95. Iced shaked espresso drinks alone contributed more than one-third of the growth in the quarter, a spokesperson told Insider.Read more: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/mcdonalds-worker-minimum-wage-15-congress-starvation-wages-2021-7">It's been 12 years since Congress last raised the minimum wage. As a McDonald's worker who makes just $10 an hour, I'm getting sick of Congress delaying another much-needed raise.</a>Starbucks' cold drinks can potentially cost much more with the addition of customizations, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/starbucks-drive-thru-menu-changes-customization-orders-2021-3">which is integral to the Starbucks brand.</a> The chain is seeing "meaningful growth" in customizations and modifiers, Group President, North America, and COO John Culver said in the earnings call, pointing to espresso shots, cold foam, and <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/starbucks-oat-milk-shortages-hit-stores-2021-4">alternative dairy options. </a>Starbucks is investing in these cold drinks that are driving sales. Customization is so key that Starbucks is testing a new way for customers to <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/starbucks-is-testing-a-way-to-order-social-media-drinks-2021-6">order popular drinks from social media,</a> which typically have extra modifications on top of the standard menu. With the success of cold brew, Starbucks developed a proprietary brewing system at the <a href="https://stories.starbucks.com/stories/2019/inside-the-tryer-center-the-starbucks-lab-where-anything-is-possible/">Tryer Center lab</a> that is now in 2000 US stores. It makes the cold brew brewing process more efficient and is a better use of barista's time, Culver said, and will be in 75% of stores by the end of the year.Cold drink sales <a href="https://www.marketwatch.com/story/starbucks-says-cold-beverages-have-driven-more-than-1-billion-in-sales-over-the-last-three-years-11607623650">grew 45% between 2016 and 2020</a>, Starbucks said in 2020, and <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/starbucks-cold-drinks-beverages-frappuccino-factory-kevin-johnson-baristas-coffee-2021-7">customers under 30</a> were twice as likely to order cold drinks. They have grown 10% in the past two years, a spokesperson said. <a href="https://www.marketwatch.com/story/starbucks-says-cold-beverages-have-driven-more-than-1-billion-in-sales-over-the-last-three-years-11607623650">"For Starbucks, cold is hot,"</a> former COO Rosalind Brewer said at the time.Do you have a story to share about a <keyword id="6354851" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="retail">retail</keyword> or <keyword id="6371025" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="restaurant">restaurant</keyword> chain? Email this reporter at <a href="mailto:mmeisenzahl@businessinsider.com">mmeisenzahl@businessinsider.com</a>.

Nearly 3 in 4 drinks sold at Starbucks were cold last quarter, and it's great news for the chain

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image">Kate TaylorNitro Cold Brew is poured cold, straight from the tap</div></div></div>Starbucks is ready to win over coffee snobs with two new cold beverages this summer. On Tuesday, the chain begins its roll out of Nitro Cold Brew, a beverage that infuses Starbucks cold brew with nitrogen to create a cold, creamy coffee with a texture similar to a dark beer, like Guinness. "What makes nitrogen so different than CO2 is that the bubbles are so small," Starbucks' coffee education specialist Mackenzie Karr told Business Insider. "It's kind of this foamy, creamy flavor without adding anything to it - it's super textural."<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image">StarbucksPouring Nitro Cold Brew</div></div></div>The beverage is served cold straight from the nitrogen-infusing tap, without ice. It is unsweetened, intended to highlight the natural sweetness of the drink. Karr recommends trying the beverage sans straw, to better appreciate the crema foam that tops the beverage as the micro bubbles rise. "We wanted it to be an experiential beverage," says Karr. "We wanted to highlight that our baristas are hand crafting this beverage in our stores every day."Nitro Cold Brew will be available at more than 500 Starbucks locations in major cities including Seattle, Portland, New York, Chicago, and Boston this summer. The drink is already available at Starbucks' Seattle Roastery, where it has become the second highest selling drink on the menu. <div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image">Kate TaylorThe nitrogen bubbles rise to create a light, crema head</div></div></div>With the roll out, Starbucks will become the largest retailer of Nitro Cold Brew in the US. The beverage is still a foreign concept to many outside of coffee-snob circles, as the beverage was invented<a href="http://www.eater.com/drinks/2015/9/2/9244337/what-is-nitro-coffee"> just four years ago</a> - though it started becoming a<a href="http://nypost.com/2015/06/04/summers-coolest-drink-looks-like-beer-and-tastes-like-coffee/"> menu go-to at trendy, independent coffee shops in major cities last summer</a>."We're really reaching customers that have never experienced this before," says Karr.The launch of Nitro Cold Brew is part of Starbucks' new "Cold Bar" menu of what the company calls "craft-and-coffee forward" beverages, which the chain is launching on May 31."For over forty years we have perfected the craft of roasting and brewing the finest hot coffee and while we have always offered our customers new options in cold coffee, nothing will compare to the pace of flavor, craft and brewing innovation we will see in the next few years," Starbucks CEO Howard Schultz said in the statement on the new cold menu. <div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image">Kate TaylorBoth Nitro and Vanilla Sweet Cream Cold Brew have aesthetic aspects, perfect for the Instagram-savvy customer</div></div></div>Another new item on the menu is Vanilla Sweet Cream Cold Brew, which will be available at every Starbucks location across the US starting on Tuesday. To create the sweet beverage, baristas pour vanilla sweet cream (a mix of milk, cream, and vanilla syrup) on top of cold brew. The result is an Instagram-worthy concoction, as the cream floats to the top, then cascades through the beverage. In terms of flavor, it serves as a sort of gateway beverage for customers interested in cold brew, but not willing to ditch the creamy sweetness of iced lattes. Other items on the Cold Bar menu include summer favorites like traditional iced coffee and doubleshot on ice, as well as cold brew, which the chain launched nationally last summer. According to Starbucks, the two new beverages are just the beginning of the chain's innovation in cold beverages, as iced coffee increasingly becomes a year-round drink.<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image">StarbucksStarbucks' Cold Bar Menu</div></div></div>The launch of Nitro Cold Brew, and the Cold Bar more broadly, represent a continuation of Starbucks' campaign to double down on coffee-snob approved offerings all year round. Beverages such as the <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/starbucks-new-latte-macchiato-2016-1">Flat White and the Latte Macchiato</a> similarly draw from what Starbucks calls "coffee-forward" beverages with roots in craft coffee shop culture. The launch of cold brew in 2015 signaled that Starbucks would be expanding its appeal to coffee snobs to cold beverages. It's a move that makes sense, with sales of cold brew in the US growing 339% from 2010 to 2015, according to Mintel data.Starbucks is <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/starbucks-isnt-the-mcdonalds-of-coffee-2016-2">perfecting the balancing act </a>of marketing itself as an authentic, high-quality coffee chain, while simultaneously selling endless super-sweet treats, like the Frappuccino. "Some of our customers want a coffee-forward beverage," says Karr. "Some of our customers want a coffee-forward beverage, but add cream and sugar. Some of our customers want sweet, summery iced beverage." The roll out of Nitro Cold Brew is a new way for Starbucks to offer all of these options - and boost the chain's coffee credibility this summer. <div class="margin-top"> <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/turkish-coffee-made-with-sand-2016-5">The best way to make Turkish coffee involves sand</a></h3> <div> <div> <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="90c2ZmMzE6zcAmxhR0StAuVDs9KNmLhR" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div> </div> </div> </div>

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