Best printers for Home

Best Mixer Grinder

Best wired Earphones

Best 43 Inch TV in India

Best Wi Fi Routers

Best Home Theatre in India

Smart Watch under 5000

Best Laptops for Education

Best Laptop for Students

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Darrin Lowery found a collection of tools in Maryland that may date to 22,000 years ago.</li><li>That would mean humans first arrived in North America thousands of years before we thought.</li></ul>North and South America were the last inhabited continents that modern humans settled thousands of years ago, but when and how they <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/white-sands-human-footprints-ancient-dated-new-evidence-2023-10">reached the Americas</a> remains a mystery."We don't know who these first peoples were," Todd Braje, executive director of the University of Oregon Museum of Natural and Cultural History, told Business Insider. We don't know "where they came from, when they arrived, the technologies that they had available," he added.For many years, archaeologists thought the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/people-in-north-america-15000-years-earlier-than-archaeologists-thought-2020-7">first humans</a> to set foot in the Americas did so around 13,000 years ago. But more recently, new findings have challenged that theory, pushing the timeline back even further.Now, a recent series of discoveries on Parsons Island, Maryland, could wind back the clock yet again. And it raises some difficult questions about early human migration across North America.<h2 id="f7e5a3a1-a118-42d7-b896-319363b83995">Outside the mainstream</h2>Darrin Lowery has been hunting for artifacts on Maryland islands around the Chesapeake Bay since he was 9 years old. Over 40 years later, he's amassed a large collection of tools that he believes some of the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/12000-year-old-skeleton-helps-solve-mystery-about-the-first-americans-2014-5">earliest Americans</a> used.He found nearly 300 tools on Parsons Island and says they're around 22,000 years old. That's thousands of years before many scientists think humans first journeyed to North America.If Lowery's hypothesis is correct, it would significantly change our ideas of how and when people started arriving in this part of the world.However, Lowery, who mainly works as an independent geologist, hasn't published his latest work in a peer-reviewed journal, making other experts skeptical of a theory that's already a bit outside the mainstream.Lowery doesn't mind the criticism, though. "If I'm wrong, I'm fine with that," he told Business Insider. "Prove me wrong."<h2 id="f57edd19-dbea-4e1d-82b5-89c6ba8d5ef3">When did the first modern humans reach North America?</h2><div type="image" title="Dark gray stone tools from the front and side" height="1445" width="1575" msid="110547437" hostid="261" sizebytes="102066"></div>Around 13,000 years ago something significant was happening across northern North America: The glaciers that had covered part of the continent for millennia were melting.Archaeologists thought humans needed to wait for those glaciers to melt to migrate across this region. Otherwise, the journey through what is now Canada <a target="_blank" href="https://www.neh.gov/humanities/2014/marchapril/feature/the-first-americans">would</a> have been too dangerous, with little food available along the way.So, for most of the 20th century, the theory was that the first Americans came from Asia around 13,000 years ago, crossing the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/extinct-giant-mammals-pleistocene-megafauna-ice-age-north-america">now-submerged</a> Bering land bridge that connected Siberia and present-day Alaska. Then those humans and their ancestors made their way across the areas of the Americas with fewer glaciers.But by the second half of the 20th century, older sites were turning up, like a 14,500-year-old site in Chile, Monte Verde. If people were that far south at the time, it meant humans had to have traveled from North America to South America well before 13,000 years ago."It really changed everything about what we understood about when and how people arrived to the Americas," Braje said of the Chile site. One alternative theory is that people followed the less icy Pacific Coast and then started moving east.While individual sites are often subjects of debate, the widely accepted range of humans' first arrival in the Americas is now between 20,000 to 15,000 years ago, Braje said.But Lowery said his artifacts are even older.<h2 id="6c255e81-c76d-4200-899f-0ef2ae0d71f2">Dating 22,000-year-old artifacts</h2><div type="image" title="The embankment on Parsons Island" height="3672" width="4896" msid="110547439" hostid="261" sizebytes="664046"></div>Over the course of 93 visits to Parsons Island, Lowery and other volunteers found a mix of chipped-off rock flakes, a stone for hammering, and knives.Due to erosion, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.udel.edu/udaily/2020/november/researching-parsons-island-geology-archeology/">most</a> of the artifacts fell out of the embankment that once held them.However, nine were still stuck in the bank, and three of those dated to around 22,000 years ago.Dating ancient artifacts like this is tricky and is often the source of contention around these sites that question our understanding and timeline of ancient human history.For instance, most dating <a target="_blank" href="https://www.uwlax.edu/mvac/process-of-archaeology/lab-analysis/dating/">methods</a> require organic material and won't work on stone tools. Instead, scientists test charcoal, pollen, and other matter found near stone artifacts.However, if a tool shifts from its original position — like if it falls out of the embankment that's holding it — it's difficult to date it reliably.That's why only a handful of Lowery's artifacts could be tested.Though Lowery doesn't want to publish a paper through peer review — a process he called "antiquated" — he said he did his due diligence in dating the artifacts.He used different methods to date the still-in-place artifacts and also sent samples to independent labs for verification. Using radiocarbon dating that measured the amount of carbon in flakes of charcoal, an independent lab estimated the artifacts' ages to be between 20,563 and 22,656 years old.If these artifacts are as old as the lab analysis suggests, then Lowery's discovery could rewrite our understanding of ancient American human history.<h2 id="f7c9b503-d71f-4677-85e8-23800441c203">The journey from Alaska to Maryland</h2><div type="image" title="A map of North America covered in large glaciers 21,000 years ago" height="1495" width="1400" msid="110547441" hostid="261" sizebytes="156374"></div>Around 21,000 years ago, <a target="_blank" href="https://ccin.ca/index.php/ccw/glaciers/past/glaciation">nearly</a> all of Canada was <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/helicopter-tours-canada-glacier-melt-2018-10">covered in glaciers</a>. Therefore, one of the biggest questions with Lowery's theory is how humans could have made the trek from Alaska to Maryland 22,000 years ago when there was a vast, icy landscape in between.But Lowery said nearly 26,000 years ago, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/photos-ancient-intact-wolf-pup-mummy-yukon-permafrost-2020-12">Beringian wolves</a> traveled through a temporary corridor between ice sheets. Humans could have used the same route, he said."I think this is largely a misconception that ice is an impediment," Lowery said. "It's a challenge, but humans are pretty damn smart."Lowery admitted this is just what he called "a story," but it's one some experts refuse to entertain. One archaeologist that <a target="_blank" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/science/2024/05/19/first-americans-chesapeake-parsons-island/">The Washington Post</a> spoke with refused to comment on the non-peer-reviewed paper.For Braje, Lowery's research is reminiscent of past debates when new discoveries pushed back the timeline for the first American arrivals.Braje didn't dismiss Lowery's ideas outright, but he thinks they need to go through the peer-review process. "I think all these ideas are valid ones that we should be talking about," he said, "but then we have to go to the scientific evidence.""To make big claims like this takes a lot of work, a lot of evidence, a lot of enduring critique, but that's part of the scientific process," Braje said.

22,000-year-old artifacts could rewrite ancient human history in North America

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Scientists found new clues about one of the last living Neanderthals.</li><li>By sequencing the DNA from one of the Neanderthal's teeth, they discovered a completely new lineage.</li></ul>Scientists are one step closer to solving the mystery of humanity's last great extinction: why the <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/neanderthals-virus-herpes-hpv-caught-from-humans-may-helped-extinction-2024-6">Neanderthals died off</a>.The Neanderthals are our <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/when-humans-neanderthals-had-sex-interbred-dna-2024-6">closest ancient human relatives</a>. But around 40,000 years ago, the last of them mysteriously disappeared.Now, a recent study that analyzed the DNA from one of the last of these ancient humans is giving scientists clues about <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/neanderthals-extinct-humans-naked-neanderthal-book-2024-2">why they vanished</a> while modern humans continued to thrive.<h2 id="0ac3e680-c75c-45de-8846-f00dd3b811c3">The mystery around one of the last Neanderthals</h2><div type="image" title="A man in a vest wearing gloves holds Neanderthal teeth" height="3712" width="5568" msid="113681188" hostid="261" sizebytes="210758"></div>Tens of thousands of years ago, a Neanderthal nicknamed Thorin lived in southeastern France, not long before his species went extinct.<a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/40000-year-bone-hints-humans-neanderthals-shared-cave-culture-2023-8">His remains</a> were first discovered in 2015 and sparked a debate between archaeologists, who dated him to between 50,000 to 42,000 years old, and geneticists, who insisted his DNA showed he was closer to 100,000 years old.The discrepancy launched a seven-year investigation, culminating in a recent study in which geneticists looked at a handful of Neanderthals' DNA from around the world and compared them to Thorin's DNA, starting with the assumption that he was 50,000 years old instead of 100,000."At this time, the geneticists decided to calibrate their own tools and to change everything we knew about all Neanderthals," archaeologist Ludovic Slimak, lead author on the new study published in <a target="_blank" href="https://www.cell.com/cell-genomics/fulltext/S2666-979X(24)00177-0">Cell Genomics</a>, told Business Insider. Namely, that they were all a part of a <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/some-more-neanderthal-dna-others-scientists-why-2023-10">single homogenous population</a>.Because of how different his DNA was from Neanderthals closer to his age, the researchers realized that Thorin must have belonged to a completely new Neanderthal lineage. They estimated his ancestors' line had split around 103,000 years ago.This explained why Thorin's DNA seemed so much more ancient than his bones. His DNA resembles Neanderthals who lived over 100,000 years ago, but Thorin was 50,000 years younger, according to the recent study.What could have caused this genetic split? The researchers suspect that Thorin lived in an isolated community that had little to no contact with other groups from the time they diverged until Thorin's death.That means, people within the <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-interbreeding-between-humans-and-neanderthals-affects-our-health-today-2023-6">community reproduced amongst themselves</a> for more than 50,000 years, spawning a unique lineage distinct from other Neanderthal groups, according to the researchers.As you can imagine, a community isolated for that long will inevitably lead to inbreeding, and the researchers did indeed find evidence of that in Thorin's DNA.The community's isolation also helps explain why Thorin was among the last of the Neanderthals. <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/science-marry-your-cousin-safe-genetics-2018-7">Inbreeding leads to a lack of genetic diversity</a>, which can make populations more vulnerable to disease, harmful mutations, and environmental changes.While one isolated community can't speak for an entire species, it can point to a key behavior that sheds new light on why these human relatives died out."We have this incredible extinction, which is the last great extinction of humanity," Slimak said.<h2 id="ec65f9ab-25b6-4918-93fd-5d996ad2f4d7">Neanderthals kept to themselves, which could help explain their extinction</h2><div type="image" title="Two Neanderthal skeletons on display at The Smithsonian Museum of Natural History" height="1585" width="2003" msid="113681184" hostid="261" sizebytes="198430"></div>Thorin's community wasn't isolated because of geography. They were <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/guides/health/mental-health/antisocial-personality-disorder">isolated because they chose to be</a>, Slimak said. "We're facing a border, a social border," he said.In fact, other Neanderthals lived just a couple weeks' walk from Thorin's in the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0277379121004480">Massif Central</a> around the same time.If Thorin's relatives did ignore their Neanderthal neighbors, that means <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/modern-loneliness">the group's isolation</a> wasn't only genetic but was also cultural and social, Slimak said."It's something very important and very central to understanding what was this population and, at the end, why and how they disappeared and they died out," Slimak said.While isolation may have worked for Thorins' ancestors for millennia, eventually their luck ran out. "Their little social network just collapsed onto themselves and just died in a whisper," Slimak said.<h2 id="6978ad0c-08c3-4f1e-9816-babb68840ad5">Modern humans' large social networks may have helped them survive</h2><div type="image" title="A model showing a Neanderthal family near a fire." height="2232" width="3968" msid="113681187" hostid="261" sizebytes="511650"></div>How universal this isolationist behavior among Neanderthals was is unclear. If resources in the area were scarce, the Neanderthals may have started becoming more insular to protect their own group."Maybe this idea that one group kept to themselves maybe is not so crazy in that kind of competitive environment," said April Nowell, a Paleolithic archaeologist with the University of Victoria who was not involved with the study.As Neanderthals' numbers dwindled, maintaining smaller and smaller groups would have put their future at risk whenever a family member died.Many experts <a target="_blank" href="https://affiliate.insider.com?h=0dda9b208d7c44ccdb961bdb9c9a45661653c52f24e70106524b9f8725031266&amp;postID=66f340a28d7e7259bc9488b4&amp;postSlug=last-neanderthal-thorin-unique-dna-help-explain-species-extinction-2024-9&amp;site=bi&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fs41598-021-84410-7">believe</a> that Neanderthals' small group sizes led to their extinction, which would have made them vulnerable even without added stressors like increased competition from humans. Meanwhile, modern humans didn't seem to have had the same tendency to form insular communities. Instead, they traveled far and wide and formed large social networks, Slimak said."We see modern human populations that seem to have these wider social networks and are exchanging genes with potential mates on a wider geographical region," Nowell said.Modern human groups were expanding and becoming more genetically diverse. That made them better equipped to handle any sort of accident or natural disaster, Nowell said.On the other hand, with smaller Neanderthal populations, even losing a handful of breeding-age individuals impacts future generations, she said."I really do think that the genetic isolation is telling us something interesting about Neanderthals and their challenges and eventually their extinction," Nowell said.

Scientists discovered a unique line of Neanderthals and it's helping solve the mystery of humanity's last great extinction

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Human bones in a German cave place Homo Sapiens in Europe 7,500 years earlier than experts thought.</li><li>The findings suggest Homo sapiens lived near Neanderthals for millennia, which is a new revelation.</li></ul>Researchers on the hunt to settle a long-standing debate ended up rewriting the timeline of ancient human history in the process.For years, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/creepiest-archaeological-finds-discoveries-this-year-2023">archaeologists have argued</a> over an ancient culture with the unwieldy title: the Lincombian-Ranisian-Jerzmanowician technocomplex. Even scientists know that’s a mouthful, so they call it the LRJ for short.The LRJ is characterized by the creation of specific blades and leaf points, which share aspects of both <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/neanderthals-humans-belong-to-same-species-could-rewrite-history-evolution-2023-12">Neanderthal and Homo sapien</a> craftsmanship.<div type="image" title="Ancient stone flints against a black background" height="2481" width="2363" msid="107638696" hostid="261" sizebytes="111870"></div>The debate is over who made them, and the answer could help offer clues as to what happened about 45,000 years ago — when Neanderthals, one of our closest human relatives, mysteriously went extinct across Europe while Homo sapiens, ultimately, thrived.“The usual wisdom was to consider that they were made most likely by late Neanderthals,” said study co-author Jean-Jacques Hublin, a professor of paleoanthropology at the College of France. But Hublin and his colleagues wanted to settle the debate once and for all.This led them to <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/40000-year-bone-hints-humans-neanderthals-shared-cave-culture-2023-8">Ilsenhöhle cave</a> in Ranis, Germany, one of several sites across Northwestern Europe where LRJ artifacts have been found.<div type="image" title="The opening of Ilsenhöhle cave in Ranis, Germany" height="2848" width="4288" msid="107638697" hostid="261" sizebytes="1477158"></div>Besides solving the mystery they sought, the researchers wound up discovering so much more. <h2>Mining ancient DNA</h2>When they excavated the cave, the researchers uncovered more than just LRJ artifacts — they came upon tiny bone fragments, too. Most of the bones were too small to identify what animal they came from based on looks, alone. But thanks to a revelatory new analysis called zooarchaeology by mass spectrometry, or ZooMS, the researchers were able to determine that 13 of the roughly 2,000 bone fragments they analyzed belonged to early humans. <div type="image" title="A scientist loads a specimen into a isotope ratio mass spectrometer." height="1999" width="2999" msid="107638699" hostid="261" sizebytes="271266"></div>The next step was determining which species of ancient human they were from. If the team could figure that out, then it would likely point them to who made the LRJ artifacts in the cave, thus solving the mystery, Hublin said.To that end, they <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/museum-traces-skull-pillaged-german-colonizers-back-descendant-africa-tanzania-2023-9">extracted DNA</a>, which confirmed the bones belong to Homo sapiens, providing strong evidence that they were responsible for the LRJ artifacts. “Voila!” Hublin said triumphantly.But they weren’t done, yet. <div type="image" title="A scientist uses a pipetted from behind a glass shield." height="1643" width="3834" msid="107638702" hostid="261" sizebytes="101272"></div>The team also used <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/white-sands-human-footprints-ancient-dated-new-evidence-2023-10">radiocarbon dating</a> to date the bones, and were surprised by what they discovered. According to their data, Homo sapiens were present in Ranis 47,500 years ago — thousands of years earlier than previously thought.<h2>Unlikely neighbors</h2>Until this discovery, archaeologists believed Homo sapiens did not arrive in Western Europe until 42,000 years ago, contributing to the extinction of Neanderthals. <div type="image" title="Archaeological dig shaft" height="3024" width="4032" msid="107638704" hostid="261" sizebytes="1051412"></div>A growing library of evidence has been pushing this timeline back more and more. Hublin and the team's discoveries are the latest series of studies adding to the mounting pile.The research was published in three papers in the peer-reviewed journals <a target="_blank" href="https://affiliate.insider.com?h=ceaa0e7743ba048950e781ae0e3844e825af8f782cdc13dfa6dbbc0655d789db&amp;postID=65c66cac236d0f5affdf1a73&amp;postSlug=homo-sapien-neanderthal-bones-german-cave-early-human-history-timeline-2024-2&amp;site=bi&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fs41586-023-06923-7%3Futm_medium%3Daffiliate%26utm_source%3Dcommission_junction%26utm_campaign%3DCONR_PF018_ECOM_GL_PHSS_ALWYS_DEEPLINK%26utm_content%3Dtextlink%26utm_term%3DPID100052172%26CJEVENT%3D08b9c570c11a11ee818e00a50a82b832">Nature</a> and <a target="_blank" href="https://affiliate.insider.com?h=6a079e96b2f06555cf8b563113f79ea5c48cbb37cabb314245b0d32aea5dedb8&amp;postID=65c66cac236d0f5affdf1a73&amp;postSlug=homo-sapien-neanderthal-bones-german-cave-early-human-history-timeline-2024-2&amp;site=bi&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fs41559-023-02318-z%3Futm_medium%3Daffiliate%26utm_source%3Dcommission_junction%26utm_campaign%3DCONR_PF018_ECOM_GL_PHSS_ALWYS_DEEPLINK%26utm_content%3Dtextlink%26utm_term%3DPID100052172%26CJEVENT%3Dcffd3067c11c11ee80fd00970a82b821">Nature Ecology and Evolution</a> and paints a very different picture of history.It suggests there were small “pioneer” groups of Homo sapiens living in Europe with Neanderthals for thousands of years before the species went extinct.Whether these two groups ever interacted during that time remains unclear. “It’s not at all the picture we had years ago of this wave of Homo sapiens moving into Europe and replacing the Neanderthals,” said Hublin. “What we see now is that it was not a wave, it was several wavelets,”Moreover, the research suggests these early Homo sapien “pioneers” were more hardcore than we’ve given them credit for.<h2>Hardcore humans</h2>Previous research asserted that Homo sapiens were only able to enter Europe during warmer time periods because they were adapted to the warm climate of Africa, where they originated from. But the specimens and artifacts found at Ranis suggest they actually entered directly through the chilly Northwest, and that this region was much colder than previously thought.<a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/tooth-enamel-suggests-great-white-sharks-megalodons-competed-for-food-2022-5">Analysis of animal teeth</a> collected at the site revealed the climate was 7 to 15 degrees Celsius colder than it is today, similar to that of northern Scandinavia or parts of Siberia, said Hublin.Additionally, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/25-mesolithic-pits-found-in-bedfordshire-england-stun-archaeologists-2023-7">analysis of animal remains</a> revealed that mammals adapted to extreme cold were present at Ranis, including wooly mammoths, reindeer, and wolverines.<div type="image" title="On the left: animals bones against a black background. On the right: zooarchaeologist Geoff Smith examines one of these bones with a magnifying glass." height="2250" width="4000" msid="107638706" hostid="261" sizebytes="372572"></div>Questions remain about how warm-weather-adapted Homo sapiens survived such a dramatic transition. But they likely made warm clothing out of furs from these animals, explains study co-author Geoff Smith, a zooarchaeologist at the University of Kent. <h2>Rewriting prehistory</h2>Together, these findings paint a picture of human prehistory that is very different from the one we had before. But there are still questions to be answered.The researchers have no plans to excavate Ranis further, and the cave has been closed off for safety reasons. But they will continue to study the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/prehistoric-native-american-artifacts-found-in-mississippi-alligator-stomach-2021-9">specimens and artifacts</a> from this last dig to dive deeper into interactions between Homo sapiens and Neanderthals during this time.“I think we have more to discover,” Hublin said. “What’s ahead of us is understanding what was going on among the late Neanderthals. To what extent have they been penetrated by these newcomers? What <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ancient-humans-interbreed-with-mysterious-population-2020-2">kind of interactions</a> do they have with them? But I think it’s a great step to have resolved the LRJ story.”

Human bones unearthed from a German cave have altered the timeline of ancient human history

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Over a million species are <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/animals-saved-endangered-species-act-passed-eagle-grizzly-wolf-alligator-2023-11">at risk of extinction</a> due to climate change. </li><li>But some animals are more resilient to temperature changes and could thrive in a warming world.</li></ul>In the game of <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/biden-trump-climate-policies-ev-subsidies-renewables-fossil-fuel-drilling-2024-7">climate change</a>, there are both winners and losers.Experts predict that one-third of Earth's plants and animals — millions of species — could disappear by 2050 if the current rate of <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/google-microsoft-ai-search-war-will-add-to-carbon-emissions-2023-2">greenhouse gas emissions</a> persists. And some are already disappearing.But other animals are more resilient to temperature changes and <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/the-atlantic-wolffish-is-being-driven-to-extinction-2018-12">habitat disruption</a>. There are a few species that could not only survive but thrive in a warming world.Climate models have shown that "we have a lot of species that might actually benefit from climate change," expanding their ranges into new geographic areas that were previously inhospitable to them, Giovanni Strona, quantitative ecology researcher at the European Commission's Joint Research Centre, told Business Insider.Many of these climate change "winners" are hardy, fast-breeding scavengers that already live in some of the most degraded habitats on Earth: cities. They're not all cute and cuddly, and some are considered pests that pose <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/reduce-hazardous-forever-chemicals-exposure-pfas-at-home-2022-9">risks to human health</a>.Whether you like them or not, it doesn't look like these four critters are going away any time soon.<h2 id="6e3ccb79-94d3-4f58-b3e8-cfc9daa4ac11">Cockroaches probably won't need to worry about a food shortage</h2><div type="image" title="cockroach" height="667" width="1000" msid="112024671" hostid="261" sizebytes="34886"></div>Roaches are a city-dweller's worst enemy. These indestructible insects can inhabit every corner of their urban environment, from the dredges of subway tunnels to <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/rupert-murdoch-cuts-price-of-nyc-penthouse-in-half-2024-6">skyrise apartments</a>.And once they've moved in, it's extremely difficult to get rid of them. That's because the humble cockroach has evolved to be one of the <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/origin-cockroaches-evolution-human-made-environments-study-2024-5">most resilient animals in the world</a>.These ancient arthropods have been around for over 300 million years, surviving every challenge they've faced. They even made it through the <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/molting-feathers-help-birds-survive-when-dinosaurs-went-extinct-2023-7">Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction</a>, which eliminated 80% of Earth's animal life.What didn't kill them only made them stronger. <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/roblox-streamer-powenvy-tiktok-viral-messy-dirty-roaches-bedroom-2023-12">Cockroaches</a> have lived through periods of extreme environmental change, including significant climatic shifts. They prefer hot, humid conditions, and can survive temperatures up to 120 degrees Fahrenheit.What's more, cockroaches can live for a month without food, and a week without water. When it comes to what they eat, they aren't picky, which means they probably don't have to worry about climate change eliminating their food source.These characteristics and their long history of survival lead scientists to believe that cockroaches will do just fine in a warmer world, and perhaps even <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/animals-that-can-survive-apocalypse-2019-7">outlive humans</a>.<h2 id="8abd8a8d-f358-4fd9-8509-15905483e765">Rats can probably evolve to tackle anything climate change throws their way</h2><div type="image" title="Rats" height="2000" width="3008" msid="112024666" hostid="261" sizebytes="329522"></div>Like cockroaches, <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nyc-rat-czar-stop-feeding-pigeons-tactics-2024-4">rats</a> eat pretty much anything and can live almost anywhere. But the real source of their resilience is their adaptability.<a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nyc-rat-extermination-weapon-rodent-population-takeover-climate-change-2023-11">Rats reproduce in massive numbers</a>. They breed year-round, producing roughly six litters annually. The average litter size is eight to 18 pups, so that's up to 108 rats a year from a single female.Because of how rapidly they reproduce, rats evolve faster than many other mammals, adapting to changes in their environment or climate faster and more effectively.Plus, there's strength in numbers. Having lots and lots of babies means that rats can sustain large population numbers, so when challenges arise, there's a greater chance that at least some individuals will survive.Research has shown that <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/climate-extremes-worsen-most-infectious-diseases-from-leprosy-to-covid-2022-8">rising global temperatures</a> will only make it easier for rats to reproduce. Because as winters grow warmer, fewer rats will die from the cold, leaving more rats to reproduce year-round.We're already beginning to see their numbers increase worldwide. <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/new-york-city-explosive-increase-rats-over-last-65-years-2023-3">New York City's rat population</a> has increased by nearly one million over the last decade, M&amp;M Pest Control <a target="_blank" href="https://mandmpestcontrol.com/there-are-now-3-million-rats-in-new-york-city-study/">estimated</a> in 2023.If climate change is driving a "ratpocalypse," as some evidence <a target="_blank" href="https://mediaengagement.org/blogs/rat-boom-and-leptospirosis-spike-in-nyc-linked-to-climate-change/">suggests</a>, that could have big consequences for human health.Rats can carry diseases that are dangerous to humans, such as hantavirus, leptospirosis, and <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/microbiologist-how-to-avoid-food-poisoning-2023-9">salmonella</a>. If they thrive in a warming world, that means these diseases could too.<h2 id="c2a5e096-ef23-4254-9b7d-dcb465a4d7ce">Mosquitos can grow faster in a warming world</h2><div type="image" title="A mosquito crawling on a person's skin against a green background." height="1414" width="2120" msid="112024664" hostid="261" sizebytes="64912"></div>Mosquitos aren't just annoying, they're also a major driver of disease worldwide.These tiny bloodsuckers can carry a whole host of <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/mosquitos-with-west-nile-virus-becoming-immune-bug-spray-2023-8">viruses and parasites</a>, including malaria, dengue, Zika virus, and more. When transmitted to humans, these illnesses can be fatal. Each year, over one million people around the world die from mosquito-borne illnesses.<a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/map-shows-west-nile-virus-has-been-detected-us-states-2022-7">Mosquito-borne illness</a> is most prevalent in Africa and tropic regions of southeast Asia and South America. That's because mosquitos thrive in warm, wet climates.But as climate change raises temperatures and alters precipitation trends, their range is expanding and <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/marylander-caught-malaria-first-locally-acquired-case-years-2023-8">shifting to new geographic areas</a>. For example, a disease-carrying species of mosquito from South America appeared in Florida in 2021.Additionally, studies have shown warmer temperatures can speed up a mosquito's growth, <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/guides/health/treatments/how-to-get-rid-of-mosquito-bites">biting rates</a>, and the incubation of disease inside them.This means that climate change could cause mosquito-borne illnesses to spread to new places, and increase case numbers worldwide. Some evidence suggests that we're already seeing this happen.In 2023, <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/locally-transmitted-florida-malaria-texas-first-time-in-20-years-2023-6">Florida and Texas</a> <a target="_blank" href="https://news.stanford.edu/stories/2023/08/mosquito-diseases-move">saw</a> their first cases of locally-transmitted malaria in 20 years. And In Europe, dengue outbreaks <a target="_blank" href="https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/news-events/increasing-risk-mosquito-borne-diseases-eueea-following-spread-aedes-species">spiked</a> significantly in 2022, largely driven by heat waves and flooding.So, we can expect mosquitoes to stick around for a long time if warming continues.<h2 id="3dfabded-046d-43ca-b390-acecf7c0dd7b">Ticks are staying active year-round now that winters are more mild</h2><div type="image" title="deer tick" height="775" width="1200" msid="112024670" hostid="261" sizebytes="59408"></div>Move over mosquitos, there's another blood-sucking insect taking our warming world by storm.Ticks thrive in warm, humid climates. They typically remain dormant during the winter, but as this season grows milder, they're staying active year-round. They're also emerging earlier and feeding longer throughout the year.Additionally, warmer temperatures are <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/asian-longhorned-ticks-kill-cattle-spread-disease-2023-11">expanding their range</a> northward into areas where they were previously uncommon, including northeastern states such as Vermont.That's bad news for human health, because like mosquitos, ticks carry dangerous diseases. <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/25-year-old-man-died-misdiagnosed-lyme-disease-infected-heart-2023-2">Lyme disease</a>, anaplasmosis, and babesiosis are just a few examples of tick-borne illnesses. All three of them can become serious if left untreated.In the US, cases of Lyme disease have nearly doubled since 1991, with the Northeast seeing the sharpest rise in cases. Studies suggest climate change has contributed significantly to this increase. And another 2023 study found that ticks are more resilient to <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/southwest-airlines-flight-attendants-extreme-heat-safety-exploding-soda-cans-2024-7">extreme temperatures</a> than scientists previously believed.All of this suggests ticks are weathering climate change with little issue and they'll likely stick around as temperatures continue to rise.If you live in an area where ticks are present, it's a good idea to take preventative measures against them year-round. <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/top-10-riskiest-states-for-pet-dog-cat-illness-2024-5">And that goes for your pets too</a>. But you should still be extra vigilant from April to September when ticks are most active.

Rats, roaches, and other creatures are winning against climate change, and it's bad news for humans

<ul class="summary-list"><li>2,000-year-old bones add evidence against the idea Columbus brought syphilis to Europe. </li><li>A European outbreak of the STI in the late 1400s was long blamed on the conquistadors. </li></ul>The idea that Christopher Colombus brought back <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/cdc-syphilis-in-babies-rates-up-killing-hundreds-2022-4">syphilis</a> from the New World might be completely wrong.A long-standing hypothesis held that Spanish conquistadors had picked up the sexually-transmitted infection (STI) and introduced it to Europe in the late 1400s.But a paper published Wednesday in the peer-reviewed journal <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://affiliate.insider.com?h=5665415566a290e3874cf144166e9a89d6ce0502d9dfc72d2b75f86ed975163d&amp;postID=65b22af6d40d73d7027d0397&amp;postSlug=columbus-likely-didnt-bring-syphilis-to-europe-ancient-dna-suggests-2024-1&amp;site=bi&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fs41586-023-06965-x">Nature</a> adds to a mounting body of evidence that the conquistadors didn't spread the disease following their invasion of now South America.Instead, the bacteria may have emerged a lot sooner than previously thought, Verena Schünemann, professor of Paleogenetics from the University of Basel, told Business Insider."Of course, we cannot prove it wrong — it doesn't work yet. But it seems that there's a much more complex story developing than these hypotheses are capturing currently," she told BI.<div type="image" title="An engraving shows columbus speaking with the then king of Spain after his first expedition." height="643" width="895" msid="107153529" hostid="261" sizebytes="241148"></div><h2>The timing of the arrival of syphilis in Europe is suspicious</h2>Looking at historical literature, you would think syphilis definitely arrived with the conquistadors.There was a big outbreak of syphilis in Europe in the late 1400s, mostly in harbor towns, seemingly out of the blue.This lined up suspiciously with the return of sailors who accompanied<a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3956094/"> Columbus</a> on his voyage to South America.Records of syphilis outbreaks before then were poor. Later excavations revealed bones in South America that carried lesions typically associated with a syphilis infection.Altogether, this prompted historians to look at the voyage as an early example of how infections can spread across the globe.Except, it's likely not that simple.Later observations revealed some <a target="_blank" href="https://www.science.org/content/article/medieval-dna-suggests-columbus-didn-t-trigger-syphilis-epidemic-europe">skeletons found in European</a> sites may also carry lesions typical of a syphilis infection, long before the first contact with pre-Columbian indigenous Americans.As the plot thickens, scientists have started looking to more modern methods of investigation to uncover what really happened.<h2>DNA analysis reveals a more complicated story</h2>To understand the history of syphilis better, Schünemann and her colleagues looked at 2,000-year-old bones carrying the characteristic lesions, which were found about 20 years ago in now Brazil.They drilled tiny holes in the lesions using dentists' tools and extracted the ancient DNA left behind by the bacteria in the bone.The analysis found that some of these lesions weren't caused by the bacteria behind sexually-transmitted syphilis but by a closely related cousin.While this microbe is very similar to the one behind syphilis — it is part of the same family, called Treponema — it causes a completely different disease, called Bejel, which is not sexually transmitted.It is still around today, mostly in Asia and Japan."We actually didn't expect to find it there," said Schünemann."Usually it's in arid regions, not so much in those humid coastal, tropical region. That's why we were quite surprised — this is a completely different environment than where you expect to find it," she said.This suggests that the bones lesions alone don't guarantee that syphilis was present in South America before Columbus, poking holes in the evidence used to support the hypothesis.The study is "really exciting because it is the first truly ancient treponemal DNA that has been recovered from archaeological human remains that are more than a few hundred years old," says Brenda Baker at Arizona State University, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.newscientist.com/article/2413971-syphilis-like-bacteria-found-in-2000-year-old-human-remains-in-brazil/">per New Scientist.</a><div type="image" title="A 3D rendering shows a spiral-shaped bacterium" height="1299" width="2309" msid="107153531" hostid="261" sizebytes="78898"></div><h2>The mystery remains</h2>The findings don't decisively close the door on the Columbus theory. But they do offer precious clues to better understand what happened."It helps us indirectly," said Schünemann.With this ancient genome, Schünemann and colleagues were able to discover that the whole Treponema family is much older than had ever been expected.The analysis suggests that these closely-related bacteria have a common ancestor about 14,000 years ago, said Schünemann.That means these bacteria could easily have traveled around the world several times with the different human migrations, much earlier than Columbus's expeditions."We can now play around and say, okay, which hypothesis can we maybe develop from that?" said SchünemannFor Schünemann, it's more likely that the bacteria causing syphilis, Bejel, and other cousins of the Treponema family were already around in Europe, India, and the Americas, long before the first contact between Columbus and indigenous Americans."I think there's definitely a potential that they were around before the contact," she said.It will be interesting, she said, to try to do the same analyses on the European bones carrying lesions and to find even older samples that could draw a better picture of the Treponema family tree.The importance of the work goes beyond solving this historical mystery. <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/gonorrhea-syphilis-cdc-pandemic-lockdowns-did-not-slow-spread-2022-4">Syphilis</a> and its cousins are still rampant in the world today.While they are kept under control by <a target="_blank" href="https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/yaws">antibiotics</a>, they are learning quickly how to side-step the treatments.<div type="image" title="An illustration shows pox and necrosis linked with untreated syphilis." height="4433" width="6792" msid="107153532" hostid="261" sizebytes="1296496"></div>Left untreated, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.cdc.gov/std/syphilis/the-facts/syphilis_bro_508.pdf">syphilis</a> can cause permanent damage to the heart, brain, and other internal organs. Bejel, or yaws, is a childhood disease that can be disfiguring and debilitating.By looking back at how it has evolved with humans in the past, for instance how the microbes pass genetic information back and forth, we can better predict how it will progress going forward."When it comes now to this increase in antibiotic resistance and so on, then it can help in the future to develop new strategies to fight this bacteria," she said.

Ancient human DNA suggests Columbus may not have brought syphilis to Europe after all

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Modern humans have a small amount of Neanderthal DNA, and those genes still impact our health today.</li><li>Scientists think they've figured out when the two groups started interbreeding and swapping DNA.</li></ul>We might consider Neanderthals to be ancient and unknowable relatives, but humans were once on very intimate terms with them.Our ancestors, for example, had babies with the shorter, stockier species and swapped DNA for thousands of years.Now researchers think they've figured out when much of this <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/some-more-neanderthal-dna-others-scientists-why-2023-10">interspecies intermingling</a> took place, which could provide clues about why humans outlasted their ancient cousins.Studying genomic data from both ancient and modern humans, scientists learned that Neanderthals and humans were having sex around 47,000 years ago then stopped less than 7,000 years later — relatively brief in terms of evolution."This study gives us the most accurate picture showing how some Neanderthals joined into the modern human gene pool, and then what happened to their genes afterward," John Hawks, an anthropologist at the University of Wisconsin–Madison who was not involved in the research, told Business Insider.All humans have at least a little Neanderthal DNA, a 2020 <a target="_blank" href="https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(20)30059-3">study</a> found. These <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-interbreeding-between-humans-and-neanderthals-affects-our-health-today-2023-6">genes may impact</a> everything from metabolism to our risk for diabetes.Finding out when humans acquired them can help scientists understand how these genes evolved and why they might have been beneficial to our ancestors and stuck around in our DNA for millennia.<h2 id="64b33196-5a80-4c02-9e77-14f882e71692">When did humans and Neanderthals start interbreeding?</h2><div type="image" title="Two Neanderthal skeletons on display at The Smithsonian Museum of Natural History" height="1585" width="2003" msid="110804461" hostid="261" sizebytes="198430"></div>The basic story of human-Neanderthal relationships goes like this: We <a target="_blank" href="https://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/2019/may/neanderthals-and-modern-humans-diverged-least-800000-years-ago">shared</a> a common ancestor over 500,000 years ago then went our separate ways.Then, around 75,000 years ago, Neanderthals were living in Asia and Europe when some humans started moving out of Africa. The two groups began having children together shortly after that, sometime between 60,000 and 50,000 years ago.But by 40,000 years ago, the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/neanderthals-extinct-humans-naked-neanderthal-book-2024-2">Neanderthals were extinct</a>.For this latest study, researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology and the University of California, Berkeley looked at DNA from 59 humans who lived between 45,000 and 2,200 years ago.To figure out when our ancient human ancestors hooked up with Neanderthals, the researchers compared stretches of Neanderthal DNA in their genomes. Individuals from about 40,000 years ago had long stretches of gene-containing chromosomes that matched the other species.The researchers saw that after just a few thousand years, these segments were shorter. This means those humans were more distantly related to Neanderthals, Hawks said.Using computer software, the scientists created models to estimate how many generations had passed since a Neanderthal entered their family tree. From that, they set the starting date of human-Neanderthal hookups at around 47,124 years ago and estimated that interbreeding lasted for about 6,832 years."The conclusion is fairly strong," Hawks said, because the estimates fit both the earlier and later human genomes. <h2 id="9369ca5b-0d18-47d4-a530-2bf60b9f8c51">The Neanderthals that live on inside us</h2><div type="image" title="Neanderthal Evolution" height="1969" width="3500" msid="110804459" hostid="261" sizebytes="390290"></div>In addition to ancient human DNA, the researchers also studied the genomes of 275 modern people from various backgrounds to learn more about how humans and Neanderthal genes have evolved over the millennia."It is possible to track the fate of single parts of chromosomes that were once in a Neanderthal individual, came into that individual's modern descendants, and were passed on until the present day," Hawks said.For example, the researchers found both current and ancient humans have Neanderthal genes that affect metabolism, immunity, and skin pigmentation.They speculate that these characteristics may have benefited ancient humans who inherited them and then kept passing them on. One <a target="_blank" href="https://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/genetics/ancient-dna-and-neanderthals">hypothesis</a> is that paler skin would have helped increase Vitamin D levels in gloomier climates.Other studies have <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/neanderthals-humans-belong-to-same-species-could-rewrite-history-evolution-2023-12">linked Neanderthal genes</a> to autoimmune diseases and diabetes. On the other hand, some DNA from the species seems to protect people from West Nile, hepatitis C, and SARS.The study's results don't necessarily apply to everyone. For instance, no present-day people of African ancestry were included because only about 0.5 % of their DNA comes from Neanderthals.However, almost everyone else in the world is about 2% Neanderthal, so learning more about the species' genes could shed light on many peoples' <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/neanderthal-dna-and-modern-humans-2014-1">susceptibility to certain diseases</a>.The researchers published their work in a pre-print <a target="_blank" href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.13.593955v1.full">study</a>, which hasn't been peer-reviewed yet.

Humans and Neanderthals only had sex for a brief period, but it still fundamentally changed our DNA

<ul class="summary-list"><li>For the first time, scientists observed a wild animal treating its own wound with a medicinal plant.</li><li>A Sumatran orangutan, chewed up liana leaves and applied them to his wound. It healed in five days.</li></ul>Rakus the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/orangutan-virginia-zoo-learns-to-nurse-from-breastfeeding-zookeeper-2023-3">orangutan</a> seems to have a surprisingly decent grasp on first-aid.He lives in Gunung Leuser National Park in South Aceh, Indonesia, where scientists from the Institute of Animal Behavior meticulously observe animals like Rakus, documenting their activities every two minutes.A team of researchers led by evolutionary biologist Caroline Schuppli and cognitive biologist Isabelle Laumer were observing Rakus when they noticed he had a deep <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/morpheus8-microneedling-treatment-terrifying-flight-attendant-says-2023-12">facial wound</a>.They believe it was caused by a neighboring male in what's known as a "long call battle," Laumer told Business Insider. Adult male orangutans like Rakus shout out "long calls" to attract females and let rival males know that this is their territory. However, sometimes, those verbal warnings attract males too, which can escalate to <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/video-orangutan-grabbing-man-indonesia-zoo-viral-memes-tiktok-2022-6">physical violence</a>.The research team heard a series of long calls before spotting Rakus' wound, leading them to believe he was involved in a fight with another male, Laumer told Business Insider.But what they saw him do over the next several days was remarkable. They published their findings in the peer-reviewed journal <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://affiliate.insider.com?h=b19a26c7364e0550cadc35a1859e0448d7370b2b1d19f6d34c9142101a57754a&amp;postID=663539a7a7714381cef57bb3&amp;postSlug=orangutan-shows-human-like-behavior-treats-wound-with-medicinal-plant-2024-5&amp;site=bi&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fs41598-024-58988-7">Nature</a> this week.Three days after he was hurt, Rakus began feeding on a species of liana called Akar Kuning, a potent <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/adaptogens-compound-mushroom-plants-help-reduce-stress-2023-10">medicinal plant</a> that isn't a part of an orangutan's regular diet. The researchers observed him chewing the leaves and then applying them to his wound with his finger."This was, to our knowledge, the first time that a wild animal applied a potent healing plant to his own wounds," Laumer said.<h2>Self-medication: a rare animal behavior</h2><div type="image" title="Side-by-side of Akar Kuning leaves and an orangutan feeding on them in the wild." height="263" width="700" msid="109826351" hostid="261" sizebytes="17164"></div>Scientists have seen animals self-medicate before. For example, a group of chimpanzees in Gabon has been observed applying insects to their wounds.But scientists aren't sure whether these insects actually have medicinal properties, "so we don't know if this behavior is in any way efficient or functional," Laumer said. In other words, it's unclear if the chimp's behavior is intentional.What Rakus did was different for a few reasons.For starters, he selected a plant that his species rarely eats. Then he applied the mashed-up leaves precisely onto his wound. During this time, he also spent more than half the day sleeping, a behavior that can help wounds heal.And, most importantly, his <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/treatment-for-drug-addiction-medication-2018-4">treatment actually worked</a>. "The wound healing was quite rapid, Laumer said. "Within four days, the wound was closed, and there are no signs of any infection."All of this evidence suggests that this was an intentional self-medicating behavior.Seeing something like this in the wild is incredibly rare, Laumer said, because they only occur in ancient, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/examples-of-evolution-happening-right-now-2015-2">highly evolved species</a>, and researchers need to be in the right place at the right time.<h2>Happy accident, or learned behavior?</h2><div type="image" title="A mother orangutan with a baby on her back" height="1414" width="2121" msid="109826352" hostid="261" sizebytes="198606"></div>If Rakus was intentionally applying medication to his wound, as the evidence suggests, how did he know to do it? We can only guess, Laumer said, but there are a few possible explanations.It could have been a case of individual innovation, when an animal invents a new behavior for the very first time. If that's the case, it may have been a total accident.Rakus may have unintentionally touched his leaf-mush-covered finger to his face, and instantly felt the pain-relieving properties of the plant, Laumer explained. That would have encouraged him to repeat the behavior over and over again.Or, it could be a <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/tiktok-orangutan-wears-sunglasses-video-2021-8">learned behavior</a>. Orangutans are known to be capable of social learning. They're often observed "peering" at their group members, which is the act of getting very close and watching what another orangutan is doing.It's common for juvenile orangutans to exhibit this behavior with their mothers, for example, watching their every move to learn how to survive. So, it's possible that Rakus may have learned this behavior from another orangutan.But, because this is the first time this behavior has ever been observed in orangutans, scientists can't say for sure why or how Rakus did it.<h2>More alike than we are different</h2>Rakus's behavior reminds us a lot of our own behavior with medicinal plants, which could help us understand where our knack for medicinal treatment first evolved.Our earliest shared ancestor with orangutans dates back over 10 million years, so this behavior may originate from many millions of years ago."It also shows how similar we are, more similar than we are different," Laumer said. "It points to how amazing and incredibly smart these animals are, and how important it is to protect them."

You Searched For "ancient human" and got 7 results

22,000-year-old artifacts could rewrite ancient human history in North America

Jenny McGrath

Scientists discovered a unique line of Neanderthals and it's helping solve the mystery of humanity's last great extinction

Jenny McGrath

Human bones unearthed from a German cave have altered the timeline of ancient human history

Ellyn Lapointe

Rats, roaches, and other creatures are winning against climate change, and it's bad news for humans

Ellyn Lapointe

Ancient human DNA suggests Columbus may not have brought syphilis to Europe after all

Marianne Guenot

Humans and Neanderthals only had sex for a brief period, but it still fundamentally changed our DNA

Jenny McGrath

Scientists witnessed an orangutan treating his wounds with medicinal plants, showing human-like behavior

Ellyn Lapointe

Popular Keywords

Buying Guides