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<ul class="summary-list"><li>Elon Musk has proposed a crowd-sourced leaderboard to crack down on government wastefulness.</li><li>It taps into our natural drive for competition and play, psychologists say.</li></ul>It was perhaps inevitable that Elon Musk — a tech titan and a <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-video-games-grand-theft-auto-elden-ring-2023-12">prolific gamer</a> — would try to turn <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-leaderboard-government-spending-marketing-genius-doge-donald-trump-2024-11">government spending</a> into a game.As soon as Musk became co-leader of a newly-minted <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="c-link c-link--focus-visible" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-doge-leaderboard-federal-government-spending-trump-2024-11">Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE for short)</a>, he proposed a crowd-sourced leaderboard for the dumbest uses of tax dollars. It's a natural move for Musk, who came up in the tech world in the early 2000s, as "gamification" took hold. The concept — using gaming features like points and leaderboards to optimize real-world scenarios — was <a target="_blank" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vDxTBgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA31#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">first described</a> by software engineers in 2008. The gamification movement in business and tech was born from the central idea that "reality is broken," as futurist Jane McGonigal <a target="_blank" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Reality_Is_Broken/yiOtN_kDJZgC?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;pg=PT11&amp;printsec=frontcover">wrote</a> in her 2011 bestseller. "Game developers know better than anyone else how to inspire extreme effort and reward hard work," McGonigal wrote.Fundamentally, these features — real-time updates and comparisons — tap into our natural appetite for control, Adrian Hon, cofounder of the gaming studio Six to Start and author of "You've Been Played" on the dark side of gamification, told Business Insider."Most common forms of gamification are based around ideas of reward and punishment. That's basically behaviorism that's 100 years old," Hon said. "It's very easy to do. It's very easy to understand."These days, gaming features are baked into the fabric of much of modern life, particularly social. Millions of people "like" opinions on X, down-vote news on Reddit, and earn badges on DuoLingo. We chase steps, close rings, and compete with strangers to spin the fastest.The question is how to add context to make complex goals understandable, exciting, and achievable.Urging someone with a sprained ankle to hit <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/walking-10000-steps-for-health-not-science-based-in-marketing-2021-7">10,000 steps a day</a> regardless could do more harm than good. In government, pointing to a simple metric that captures "efficiency" is a tall order — on paper, slashing budgets could look good but bring unintended consequences, according to Richard Landers, a psychology professor at University of Minnesota who specializes in gamification."The number one most efficient way to have a firefighting department in a small town is don't have one, because then they never fail," he said. "That's that kind of logic that you end up having if you're not really cautious about how it's designed."<h2 id="7b471489-75c6-444a-b6f2-8827e89f261e">Why comparing scores is hardwired into our psychology</h2>A game undeniably makes tasks more digestible — something Musk has been talking about for years. He <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lz3A6AtX27c">argued</a> at SXSW in 2014 that education should be "as close to a video game as possible." "You do not need to tell your kid to play video games. They will play video games on autopilot all day. So if you can make it interactive and engaging, then you can make education far more compelling and far easier to do," Musk told the audience.Throw in other players, and you've got a race.Humans have a natural competitive streak. Going head-to-head with a rival can help boost our focus, enhance our attention, and motivate us to stick to a task, <a target="_blank" href="https://academic.oup.com/book/45435/chapter-abstract/389436570?redirectedFrom=fulltext">research</a> suggests, but it can also backfire if the pressure gets too intense.A leaderboard works psychologically by incentivizing behavior with a reward like public recognition, maybe a prize, or a sense of accomplishment at winning a competition.It's often used for behaviors people already want to do, but need an extra nudge, according to Landers. Think taking a spin class when you're tempted to watch Netflix, or walking more so you can get the highest step count in the group chat."Good gamification is hypothetically the same way, so that when you achieve well on the Nike app, you're like, 'yeah, I really did do something for myself this week. That was great,'" he said."There's no question that it motivates people," said Natalia Mehlman Petrzela, professor of history at the New School and author of "Fit Nation: The Gains and Pains of America's Exercise Obsession.""You're in the gym running next to someone on the treadmill, you see them speed up, and you want to speed up. Take that experience and multiply it by however many people you're ranking."<h2 id="ac2e7636-bdbf-425b-8204-07cd0abd6bbe">Politicians love leaderboards</h2>Leaderboards zero in on a specific, measurable goal, like your step count for fitness.That's not so straightforward in politics, but it's incredibly alluring. "Politicians like them because it makes them feel like they have more knowledge and real-time knowledge than they might get otherwise," Hon said, referring to rankings of programs like schools, hospitals, and fire departments.Take healthcare. Increasing productivity in an emergency department is complicated — more complicated than any hospital ranking can communicate. In the real world, that sometimes translates to doctors turning down tricky cases in favor of easy ones to pump up their success metrics, according to Landers.This is one of the biggest unanswered questions facing gamification — can boiling down complex issues into crunchable numbers miss the point?Landers said leaderboard systems generally require one precise, agreed-upon goal in order to work. If a metric is oversimplified, it can risk losing sight of the original goal as participants start to value the game for its own sake."Empowering individuals to call out true waste is not inherently a bad idea," Landers said. "The challenge would be in defining that. How do you know when something is legitimately wasteful?"For the government, that might hinge on what counts as waste and whether Musk's leaderboard can get people to agree."You can't just call it waste because you're like, wow, I don't think Jill over there is a good use of money. You should fire her. It's not a productive approach. Trying to figure out how to create a system like that would be incredibly complicated," Landers said. "They would have to do that investment in really understanding the problems deeply and then creating a system to reward what actually should be rewarded."<h2 id="7d6f8bf4-31df-4ff6-8c83-b288ff90ae8b">Gaming the system can backfire</h2>At the height of Peloton's popularity, the home fitness brand's competitive leaderboard quickly became overrun by people <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/peloton-bike-tablets-rooted-watch-netflix-spotify-hacked-cheat-leaderboards-2019-9">hacking their Pelotons</a> to artificially boost their scores.As a result, some users felt less motivated instead of more."The demotivating power of being low on a leaderboard is well understood," Landers said. "If you're like 500,000th, nobody cares. You're like, why even try?"Petrzela said that even if people play by the rules, overgamifying might mean missing out on valuable but hard-to-quantify things."If your only goal in Peloton is to be at the top of the leaderboard, you completely sacrifice a lot of the things that might slow you down but make your ride injury-free or something you really enjoy," she said. "Musk's proposed leaderboard is a much higher stakes version of that."In terms of government services, a goal like reducing wait times for doctors' visits might translate well to a leaderboard, since they're easy to compare. But more complicated variables — like whether a cancer program can treat a patient's specific diagnosis — might fall through the cracks, particularly when people without healthcare expertise are doing the ranking without the full context.To create a leaderboard that can make meaningful change, it's crucial to understand what context matters. Otherwise, Hon said gamification might have short-term benefits but backfire in the long term as important, less-tangible factors are crowded out by overemphasizing one metric.Case in point: Hon said he's currently hooked on a popular puzzle game. The online leaderboard keeps him logging in long after the game itself stopped bringing much joy to his routine."It's just like, what's the point of this really? Am I just playing this game to maintain my position? Do I even really enjoy it anymore?" he said. "I probably would play it less if actually that leaderboard didn't exist. So that is really for the benefit of the site. It's not for the benefit of me."

Elon Musk's 'gamification' of government spending taps into our natural competitive instinct

The <keyword id="22667872" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="mpox-outbreak" source="keywords">mpox outbreak</keyword> in <keyword id="19924003" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="africa" source="keywords">Africa</keyword> is yet another example of how <keyword id="20040661" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="infectious-diseases" source="keywords">infectious diseases</keyword>, perceived to be "someone else's problem", and affecting mainly poor, developing countries, may suddenly pose unexpected global threats. Other examples of <keyword id="22817243" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="neglected-diseases" source="keywords">neglected diseases</keyword> include the West Nile, Zika and Chikungunya viruses. Mpox was discovered in 1958 (in captive monkeys, hence the original misnomer "monkeypox") and the first human case was identified in 1970. Then, for decades it was largely neglected by the scientific and public health communities, regarded as an uncommon infection in remote rural areas in tropical Africa, without relevance for the rest of the world. When a massive mpox outbreak hit developed countries in 2022, increased research funding led to a surge in scientific studies. On just one medical search engine, there's been more research produced since April 2022 than in the preceding 60 years. The 2022-23 global mpox outbreak happened despite repeated calls from African researchers for increased global investment in diagnostic, therapeutic and infection prevention tools for mpox. The WHO has now declared the current upsurge of mpox in central Africa a <keyword id="21952478" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="public-health-emergency" source="keywords">public health emergency</keyword> of international concern. This is the highest alert level for events that constitute a public health risk to other countries and requires a coordinated international response. Mpox's recent history is yet another reminder that an infectious disease in one corner of the world should not be regarded as someone else's problem, as it can suddenly start to spread fast and far. It also highlights global inequities in resource allocation and access to vaccines, diagnostics and treatments. These were made available in many industrialised countries and helped curb the global outbreak, but are still largely lacking in most of Africa. <h2>The 2022 outbreak: a total surprise</h2>The disease has been renamed "mpox" but the name of the virus, for now, remains "monkeypox" (MPXV). It is closely related to the smallpox virus. MPXV was considered a <keyword id="21311828" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="zoonotic-disease" source="keywords">zoonotic disease</keyword> endemic in parts of central and west Africa. It was acquired mainly through close contact with wild mammals, especially handling bush meat, but there was no sustained human-to-human transmission. Only very occasionally were cases seen outside the endemic areas, due to infected travellers or import of infected small mammals. This changed abruptly in 2022: a massive, rapidly evolving global outbreak caused over 99,000 laboratory-confirmed cases in 116 countries. At its peak in August 2022, over 6,000 cases were reported each week. This outbreak came as a total surprise: most cases were reported from non-endemic countries, mostly in men who have sex with men, who had become infected during recent sexual encounters. Even though most cases were clinically not particularly severe and the death toll stands at just over 200, the global outbreak was declared a public health emergency of international concern by the <keyword id="19896311" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="world-health-organization" source="keywords">World Health Organization</keyword> on 23 July, 2022. Fortunately, case numbers soon plummeted due to a combination of behavioural changes and vaccination in at-risk groups. Modern vaccines and antiviral drugs with activity against mpox were made available in many affected high-income countries. These had been developed and stockpiled in the US and Europe, mostly in preparation for a potential bioweapon attack using a poxvirus. The global outbreak in 2022 was caused by clade II of MPXV, which is endemic in west Africa and not as virulent as clade I MPXV, which so far has only been seen in the Congo Basin. That first mpox public health emergency of international concern was declared over in May 2023. Clade II MPXV infections are still occurring globally, but the worst seems over - for now. Complacency would be misguided, as illustrated by the current mpox outbreak that is gathering steam. <h2>Upsurge in Africa</h2>The African region is experiencing an upsurge in mpox cases, which started in 2023. As the continent which includes the areas where mpox has been endemic for a long time, Africa now presents a complex mosaic. The current clade I MPXV (formerly called Congo Basin strain) is more virulent than the clade II (west African) strain, resulting in a higher case fatality rate. The ongoing outbreak has its epicentre in South Kivu province, eastern DRC, and has the potential to fuel a large pandemic. It has a distinct epidemiological pattern with sustained chains of human-to-human transmission, often via the sexual route. It may have increased transmissibility (we don't know yet). The virus which causes it is the newly defined clade Ib lineage. It displays mutations that are the hallmark of human-to-human spread that is estimated to have been happening since September 2023. Case numbers are rising rapidly, even though many suspected cases are likely not tested and thus not counted as confirmed. Complicating matters, a commonly used test was found to miss infections with this lineage of the virus. It affects mostly adults. The case fatality rate is higher than it was in the 2022 global outbreak. Already, this outbreak has resulted in mpox cases occurring in several neighbouring countries, including some (like Kenya), with no previous record of mpox. The challenge is enormous. The eastern DRC is an area beset by multiple problems. This includes natural disasters, violence and infectious diseases including measles, cholera and poliomyelitis for the DRC. In recent years the second-largest Ebola outbreak ever took place in the wider area and, despite the availability of vaccines and treatments, posed considerable challenges. <h2>What needs to happen</h2>Equitable access to diagnostic tests, vaccines and antiviral treatments requires political commitment and financial investments. Scientific investigations are needed to learn more about exposure settings, transmission routes and clinical presentations. It's important to find the best ways to make these interventions. There is no doubt that a disease in one corner of the world can suddenly become a global heath threat. It's time the global health system woke up to this reality.

Mpox outbreak in Africa was neglected - it could now turn into the next global pandemic

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Neither Harris nor Trump outline specific disaster-relief policies on their website.</li><li>Their records, however, offer clues into how they'd deal with natural disasters as president.</li></ul>As another <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/hurricane-milton-evacuation-empty-gas-station-full-hotels-gridlock-traffic-2024-10">hurricane</a> threatens to devastate swaths of the Southeast, Vice President Kamala Harris and former President Donald Trump are under new scrutiny about their disaster response strategies. And though neither have specifically addressed how they'd approach disaster relief on their campaign websites, their environmental records offer clues into how they might deal with similar crises in the future.When Hurricane Helene bore down on six states, and with particular force in North Carolina and Georgia, both Harris and Trump said that the focus should be on providing aid, not politics. But the storm, which has killed more than 230 people and destroyed entire towns, has already crept into the presidential race. <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/hurricane-helene-milton-tampa-florida-desantis-clean-disaster-dangerous-2024-10">Hurricane Milton is expected to hit Florida</a> on Wednesday night, only exacerbating the focus on environmental devastation."Disasters are always political," Thomas Birkland, a political scientist at North Carolina State University who studies the politics of national disasters, told Business Insider. He said that disaster relief is not, however, usually <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/hurricane-milton-category-five-threatens-florida-fema-funding-2024-10">discussed during campaigns</a>.Timothy Kneeland, a professor at Nazareth University who studies politics and natural disasters, thinks that as hurricanes become more common, candidates should address them more explicitly."Having a short but clear statement on disasters should be part of any campaigner's policy," he wrote in a statement to BI.Both candidates have visited impacted areas, with Trump visiting Georgia on September 30 and <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/kamala-harris-donald-trump-crises-middle-east-strike-hurricane-election-2024-10">Harris on October 2</a>. Republicans criticized Harris for attending a fundraising event in California when Helene struck, while she maintained that politicians should stay out of the most devastated areas as first responders begin their early work.In the days since Hurricane Helene, Trump has spread misinformation about the storm and response efforts, prompting the Federal Emergency Management Agency to publish a fact-checking page. <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/hurricane-helene-relief-disinformation-misinformation-north-carolina-democrats-republicans-2024-10">Democrats and Republicans alike</a> say that the baseless claims are complicating <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-elon-musk-starlink-hurricane-helene-fema-2024-9">clean-up efforts</a>, and Harris has put out a digital ad slamming his former disaster relief. When he was president, Trump responded to several hurricanes. As with Hurricane Helene, he <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.vox.com/politics/376982/trump-hurricane-helene-fema-lies-debunked">publicized</a> misinformation. When Hurricane Dorian threatened Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina, he incorrectly said that its path included Alabama as well. During a briefing in the Oval Office, he showed a map of the hurricane's path that included a Sharpie mark extending the storm's reach to Alabama. Trump also falsely claimed that the death toll from Hurricane Maria in 2017 was overblown, the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2024/10/08/trump-hurricane-helene-natural-disasters/">Washington Post reported</a>.The former president occasionally threatened to hold back disaster funding over political spats. In 2020, for example, he floated withholding money from flood-ravaged Michigan because he was frustrated with absentee voting procedures in the state."A charitable interpretation would be mixed on crisis management," Birkland told BI about Trump's past responses to natural disasters. Kneeland said that storm victims and disaster experts largely criticized his handling of Hurricane Maria.During his time in office, Trump's administration rolled back more than 125 environmental rules, the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/climate/trump-environment-rollbacks-list.html">Washington Post</a> found, with a big focus on deregulating the fossil fuel industry. Trump's campaign has, according to Birkland, "been pretty clear that it disdains alternative fuels."Harris doesn't have a presidential record to back up her approach to disaster relief, but Birkland anticipates she'd take a relatively similar approach to President Joe Biden.As attorney general, Harris prosecuted oil companies that broke environmental rules. During her tenure as vice president, she voted for the Inflation Reduction Act, which devoted $370 billion to reducing greenhouse gas emissions.But both Birkland and Kneeland told BI that Harris has become less aggressive about addressing climate change this election, likely in an attempt to court more moderate voters."Harris' position is a little murkier," Birkland said. "Harris has been clear that we should be doing things like alternative energy, but also supports, as of recent months, continued fossil fuel production. So it's kind of a both-and strategy."Presidents are somewhat limited in their disaster responses — both Kneeland and Birkland told BI that states and local governments lead disaster responses, with the federal government's assistance."Even when FEMA is on the ground they must work within the structure of existing state and local government," Kneeland said in his written statement. The responsibility is, he said, layered throughout the government.Regardless, all eyes are on how Harris and Trump respond to the twin storms — and the outcome of the election could theoretically hang in the balance. Kneeland said that disaster response can either greatly boost or doom an incumbent, pointing to instances as varied as Hurricane Betsey in 1965, Hurricane Andrew in 1992, and Hurricane Katrina in 2005.Though Birkland doesn't anticipate that the hurricanes will sway many voters, he said that even a small impact in swing states could matter."I think most people's minds are made up. I think that you're really dealing with the margins," he said. "On the other hand, this election is going to be won or lost on the margins, so that matters."

Hurricanes are taking the election by storm. Here's where Harris and Trump stand on natural disaster policies.

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Mongolia won't fund the Siberia-2 pipeline for the next four years, Radio Free Europe reports.</li><li>The natural gas pipeline is an ambitious project to deepen trade between Russia and China.</li></ul>Plans for an ambitious natural-gas pipeline between Russia and China have hit a hitch, caused by a completely separate country: Mongolia.According to <a target="_blank" href="https://www.rferl.org/a/china-eurasia-power-of-siberia-mongolia-putin/33086686.html">Radio Free Europe</a>, Mongolia's government did not include funding for the Power of Siberia-2 pipeline in its spending plans for the next four years. The country serves as a buffer state between both Russia and China, and its engagement would be necessary for the project's realization.This fresh snag adds complications to an already uncertain mega-project.Russian energy giant Gazprom started design and survey work on the pipeline <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/russia-china-gas-pipeline-sanctions-ukraine-putin-gazprom-soyuz-vostok-2022-3">in 2022</a>, projecting that it could deliver 1.8 trillion cubic feet of Russian natural gas to China each yearThis would make the Siberia-2 pipeline Gazprom's biggest deal with Beijing, and could provide a much-needed solution to Western sanctions. After Russia invaded Ukraine the same year, energy restrictions on Moscow have crippled its gas trade.<a target="_blank" href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/commodities/russia-gas-sales-revenue-gazprom-economy-decline-sanctions-ukraine-war-2024-6">Research commissioned</a> by the firm found that Gazprom is unlikely to recover gas sales lost to the Ukraine war for at least a decade, placing a greater need on Siberia-2's deployment.But Chinese counterparts face much less pressure, given that the country does not need more <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/russia-putin-visit-china-xi-enemy-friends-2024-5">gas before the mid-2030s</a>, energy experts have said. For this reason, pipeline negotiations have stalled between Beijing and Moscow, given price and supply level disputes.According to Radio Free Europe, plans for the pipeline also contradict China's increasing shift towards green energy.Moreover, the Siberia-2 project isn't China's only option: President Xi Jinping has also signaled support for the Line D pipeline, deepening ties with Turkmenistan.Expanded access to Eastern markets has proven to be a lifeline for Russia as the West has increasingly shunned the Kremlin. China has been front and center in this transition, with bilateral trade ballooning to a record <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/china-russia-trade-record-ukraine-war-xi-jinping-vladimir-putin-2024-1">$240 billion last year.</a>With Moscow highly dependent on its relationship with Beijing, some experts have characterized it as an <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/cia-chief-ukraine-war-failure-for-russia-on-many-levels-2024-1">emerging vassal to China</a>.

One key country is holding up a natural-gas pipeline that would deepen ties between Russia and China

New Delhi, Artificial intelligence (AI) can help recognise individuals with anxiety disorders based on their unique brain structure, according to a study. The research, published in the journal <keyword id="21011394" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="nature-mental-health" source="keywords">Nature Mental Health</keyword>, involved about 3,500 youth between 10 and 25 years old from across the globe. The researchers used machine learning (ML) -- a type of AI that help machines learn and improve from data analysis without explicit programming -- looked at cortical thickness and surface area, along with volumes of deep-lying brain regions. To improve the results, the algorithms must be further refined and other types of brain data, such as brain function and connections, must be added, they said. These initial results tend to hold -- are generalisable -- in such a diverse group of youngsters in terms of ethnicity, geographical location and clinical characteristics, the researchers said. This renders the study outcomes rather fascinating, they said. According to lead researcher <keyword id="21011392" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="moji-aghajani" source="keywords">Moji Aghajani</keyword>, Assistant Professor at <keyword id="21011393" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="leiden-university" source="keywords">Leiden University</keyword> in <keyword id="19961720" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="netherlands" source="keywords">Netherlands</keyword>, the study could eventually facilitate a more personalised approach to prevention, diagnostics and care. Anxiety disorders typically first emerge during adolescence and early adulthood. These disorders cause major emotional, social and economic problems for millions of youngsters worldwide. However, it is unclear which brain processes are involved in these anxiety disorders, the researchers said. "This incomplete understanding of underlying brain bases is largely due to our simplistic approach to mental disorders among youths, in which clinical studies are often too small in size, with way too much focus on the 'average patient' rather than the individual," said <keyword id="21011395" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="aghajani" source="keywords">Aghajani</keyword>. "This, moreover, concurs with use of traditional analytical techniques, which are unable to produce individual-level outcomes," the researcher added. However, the field is slowly changing, with more focus on individuals and their unique brain characteristics, through the use of large and diverse datasets -- also known as "big data" -- combined with AI.

AI can identify clinically anxious youth based on brain structure: Study

<ul class="summary-list"><li>RSA CEO Rohit Ghai advises security services to verify users' identities and device integrity.</li><li>Ghai sees the intersection of 5G and AI as the most exciting area for innovation.</li></ul><a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/5g-advanced-standalone-6g-qualcomm-huawei-mwc-2024-3">Emergent 5G technology </a>is faster and more secure than ever. It has also created a new world when it comes to cybersecurity."Most actors try to attack new technology because they have new things that haven't been patched," Rohit Ghai, the CEO of security company RSA, told Business Insider. "Over the last two years, there has been a pretty dramatic focus on cybersecurity in critical networks."To limit vulnerabilities and protect users accessing 5G networks on unmanaged devices, for instance, Ghai says security services should verify that the people using devices are who they claim to be and ensure that the devices are not compromised."There's a huge amount of intellectual property and corporate data that sits on mobile devices," Ghai said. "Making sure that data is not compromised — there's a huge area of vulnerability from a 5G-network perspective."Everyone can take basic steps to protect their accounts and devices. Ghai points to the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.cisa.gov/cybersecurity-awareness-month">Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency's</a> four recommendations of recognizing and reporting phishing, using strong passwords, using multifactor authentication, and updating software.BI spoke with Ghai ahead of the annual RSA conference focused on cybersecurity. It's taking place from Monday to Thursday in San Francisco.The following has been edited for clarity and length. How have 5G and connectivity transformed your business?At the highest level, the change we're focused on is protecting corporate IT networks since the advent of 5G. Two things have happened: There is a lot more focus on end devices. Protecting and securing business workflows that are happening on the end user mobile devices is a huge, new area because of 5G.Secondly, the threat actors are now targeting 5G. In the last two to three years, critical infrastructure and industrial companies have become targets. They are now more invested in cybersecurity, more concerned about cybersecurity, and want to protect against threat actors.What are your tips and advice for adding 5G and connectivity to your business?We have to realize technology is a double-edged sword. With new capabilities, the bad guys can exploit the new technologies.Whenever you deploy new technology, you have to keep up with patching and updates and make sure security updates are applied quickly.The other component is identity. The perimeter has dissolved in the new 5G era of networking. Where there is no inside or outside, you need to apply a zero-trust strategy for cybersecurity.What are the most exciting innovations and advancements in 5G today?The most exciting area is the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ai-edge-computing-5g-cloud-artificial-intelligence-2024-3">intersection of 5G and AI</a>. An example is an autonomous car. A car has intelligence and the ability to consult back and seek services that were not possible in the past.It comes with a lot of risk, as I said. You have to make sure any of the 5G mobile devices that are unmanaged are protected and not jailbroken or under control. Any edge device, be it a phone or a car, can be compromised. A threat actor can take control and use that for malicious activity. They can use mobile phones to get access to corporate networks and steal data.Asking if those end-point devices have been compromised and being able to answer that question in a very robust way ensures we can take advantage of 5G services.What are the biggest trends in 5G cybersecurity?<a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/generative-ai-smartphones-mwc-artificial-intelligence-assistants-apps-2024-2">Applying AI</a> — that's a big trend. <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/know-about-5g-before-implementing-business-2023-11">5G networks</a> are very, very dynamic. It's changing all the time. Current approaches to security must be able to keep up with the dynamic nature of the network.The other change is using identity and access governance to make sure privileged access to IT and OT [operational technology] networks is managed. Most <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/private-5g-network-cybersecurity-threats-2023-10">cybersecurity attacks</a> on critical infrastructure happen because of compromised credentials.What are the cybersecurity risks of 5G?What 5G does is create a large edge network. In that regard, it expands the attack surface. Thinking about the human network, if there are 100 employees, each employee is part of the attack surface. If you have a network and edge devices, the more devices, the larger the attack surface. 5G exponentially increases the attack surface.How are 5G attacks carried out?Most attacks start with an identity compromise. It's not a very new pattern. Somehow, they get in. Then, they move laterally in the network to other computing devices. They stay inside. They don't attack right away. They actually hide, moving laterally from one computer to another and another. Then they go after the data or the ransomware or whatever it is they're targeting.That same pattern follows in 5G networks. It's just that they're exploiting different types of vulnerabilities and moving quickly because of speed.What does the future of 5G cybersecurity look like?You have more and more cybersecurity intelligence that lives on the edge and determines whether edge devices are safe, vulnerable, or attacked in any way. Shifting that intelligence from a central nervous system to a more distributed architecture is where the future of cybersecurity is heading.Another shift is the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/death-of-passwords-login-passkeys-google-apple-face-id-biometrics-2023-6">concept of passwordless</a>.Passwords are a very old kind of capability that's been used in human networks for centuries. In the 5G network, we have the opportunity to not start with a password-based solution where an edge device is using a password to authenticate into the network. Since 5G is a new technology, we should start with a passwordless approach. Passwords cause security problems and are complicated to manage.We're introducing and working with an industry standard called FIDO [fast identity online]. I think that has a lot of promise to enable passwordless.

RSA CEO Rohit Ghai says emergent 5G technology increases the need to protect critical networks

<ul class="summary-list"><li>German utility giant Uniper has had to tap its winter <keyword id="11955852" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="gas" source="Orion">gas</keyword> reserves as <keyword id="11894337" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="russia" source="Orion">Russia</keyword> cuts energy deliveries, the FT reports. </li><li>The <keyword id="13275169" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="nord-stream" source="Orion">Nord Stream</keyword> 1 pipeline is under maintenance, though Russia's <keyword id="13275170" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="gazprom" source="Orion">Gazprom</keyword> has hinted it could delay bringing it back online. </li></ul>German energy giant Uniper has been forced to tap into its emergency supplies before the winter season after Russia's Gazprom shut off <keyword id="6354703" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="natural-gas" source="Orion">natural gas</keyword> deliveries to the country.According to a <a href="https://www.ft.com/content/f2dd3263-7f79-40aa-aedd-af93ea50c3a4">Financial Times</a> report, the Düsseldorf-based company, which is Europe's biggest buyer of Russian gas, said that beginning earlier this week it's been taking gas from storage units amid dwindling supplies. The company has had to lean on its emergency winter supplies to meet contractual obligations to its customers, per the report, as it hasn't received any supplies via the Nord Stream 1 pipeline which is undergoing maintenance through July 21. <keyword id="11892705" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="germany" source="Orion">Germany</keyword> has already been forced to accept only about 40% of expected gas deliveries from Russia, which has worsened the country's energy crunch. "This development makes it harder to reach the storage levels necessary for the winter and reduces the reserves available in the event of a gas deficit situation," Germany's Federal Network agency said, per the FT. Germany aims to refill the gas storage facilities back to 90% by November, though it supply now stands at about 64.5%. Those shortages could spill over and hurt other European nations including France, Austria, Denmark, Switzerland, and the Czech Republic. On Wednesday, <a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/commodities/russia-gazprom-nord-stream-gas-moscow-germany-energy-crisis-economy-2022-7">Russia's Gazprom hinted at a delay</a> in resuming gas deliveries to Germany based on a safety warning and maintenance issues.Still, Goldman Sachs analysts forecasted last week that, should the repairs bring Nord Stream 1 back online again, <a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/commodities/russia-gazprom-nord-stream-gas-moscow-germany-energy-crisis-economy-2022-7">gas exports would remain low</a> via the pipeline.All the while, German officials have been working toward a bailout for Uniper, as it has come under severe financial strain in recent months since war in Ukraine began. The company last week requested a rescue package from Berlin, which will likely lead to the government taking a stake in the utility giant.

Russia's gas shutoff is forcing Europe's biggest buyer of its supplies to draw down winter emergency reserves

<ul class="summary-list"><li>The US will emerge as the world's leading <keyword id="13468239" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="lng" source="Orion">LNG</keyword> supplier this year, <keyword id="13310388" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="sp-global" source="Orion">S&amp;P Global</keyword>'s Dan Yergin said.</li><li>"The longer the war goes on, the more Russia has been separated from the global economy," he told CNBC Monday.</li></ul>The US will emerge as the world's top exporter of liquified <a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/commodities/natural-gas-price">natural gas</a> as the West scrambles to slash Russian shipments and find other alternatives, according to energy expert Dan Yergin.As a result of Russia's invasion of Ukraine, the <keyword id="11907394" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="european-union" source="Orion">European Union</keyword> is looking to cut its dependency on imports of the country's gas by two-thirds and end fossil-fuel imports by 2027.The US on Friday <a href="https://www.politico.com/news/2022/03/25/gas-exports-europe-russia-00020411">pledged to help boost LNG supplies</a> from alternative sources to <keyword id="11911313" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="eu" source="Orion">Eu</keyword>ropean nations by the end of 2022. The aim is for the EU to wean itself off imports from Russia, which currently account for 40% of its gas needs."The US is going to emerge this year as the world's largest LNG exporter, and it is clear that US LNG is a geopolitical asset for the United States and for Europe," Yergin <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/video/2022/03/28/dan-yergin-says-us-will-emerge-as-the-largest-lng-exporter-in-2022.html">told CNBC's "Street Signs Asia</a>" on Monday.President Joe Biden has acknowledged that wiping out Russian gas would be costly for Europe, but said it is the "right thing to do from a moral standpoint."Yergin — who's written a book called "The New Map: Energy, Climate, and the Clash of Nations" — described Biden's pledge as an administrative turnaround that would elevate the US' status in the energy market. "The US was providing more gas to Europe during about half of January than Russian pipeline gas," the S&amp;P Global vice president said. "They're talking about an increase ... more US productions coming on."Under the agreement, Europe will get at least 15 billion cubic meters of additional LNG supplies by the end of the year. It isn't yet clear where they would come from.Yergin noted that at the CeraWeek conference in Houston earlier this month, EU representatives were asking around for leads on sources of extra LNG supplies.<a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/russia-ukraine-inflation-lifting-prices-american-shoppers-gas-wheat-nickel-2022-3">Prices</a> for key commodities — and for the gas, food, and cars where they underpin — have risen in the wake of Russia's invasion, and after the US and its allies imposed sweeping sanctions on the country. Data from the <a href="https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/hist/LeafHandler.ashx?n=PET&amp;s=EMM_EPM0_PTE_NUS_DPG&amp;f=W">US Energy Information Administration</a> shows <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-high-will-gas-prices-go-5-gallon-peak-2022-3?r=US&amp;IR=T">gas prices</a> reached record highs in March, hitting $4.34 per gallon."Obviously none of these economies want to see prices shooting up further, but the longer the war goes on, the more Russia has been separated from the global economy," Yergin said.At the same time, buyers and others in the energy market are steering clear of Russian energy, the energy market historian noted."First of all, there's a lot of self-sanctioning that's going on ... People not picking up oil, banks not providing letters of credit, shippers not showing up," Yergin said."And indeed, people in some ports not receiving Russian oil. So I think there is kind of a tendency to start to move towards more formal bans on Russian oil."He expects <keyword id="12194726" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="natural-gas-prices" source="Orion">natural gas prices</keyword> to remain elevated along with a shift in distributions."One thing we're going to see is a question of how much gas that's now aimed for Asia will shift to Europe because of higher prices as well as strategic considerations," he said.Yergin believes Russia will continue to be an important player in the market, but will be a reduced energy power compared to the last few decades."It'll be very helpful this year if it's a mild winter in Asia and in Europe to manage through this, but Europe has basically said we're through with Russian energy over the next couple of years," he said.Read more: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/stock-market-crash-investing-strategy-recession-crash-federal-reserve-barclays-2022-3" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Barclays shares why Fed hawkishness will put an end to the long-term stock market rally — and lists 7 investing sectors that will still perform in the low-return environment</a>

The US will emerge as the world's largest natural-gas exporter this year, a top energy market historian says

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Waffle House keeps its nearly 2,000 locations open 24/7, even through many natural disasters.</li><li>During storms the restaurant shifts to a limited menu and calls in backup teams.</li></ul>Waffle House is famous for staying open through hurricanes, tornadoes, blizzards, and other natural disasters.The beloved restaurant chain, with 1,900 locations mostly in the southern US, is open 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. Waffle House takes natural disaster preparation so seriously that it's become an unofficial metric to measure the severity of storms for the Federal Emergency Management Agency, known as the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/waffle-house-index-hurricane-severity-2018-9">"Waffle House Index."</a>The index has helped government officials and locals understand how conditions are on the ground during natural disasters since it was coined in 2011 by <a href="https://www.accuweather.com/en/accuweather-ready/what-is-the-waffle-house-index/667995" target="_blank" rel="noopener">former FEMA administrator Craig Fugate.</a>The index is green if a Waffle House location is open and serving its full menu. It is yellow if it's open with a limited menu. When the restaurant is closed, the index is red and indicates severe weather. "If you get there and the Waffle House is closed? That's really bad. That's where you go to work," <a href="https://www.wafflehouse.com/how-to-measure-a-storms-fury-one-breakfast-at-a-time/">Fugate said in 2011.</a>Every location is armed with a "Waffle House storm playbook" that has protocol for keeping the restaurant running in an emergency, including if electricity and running water are unavailable, <a href="https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/08/29/547079242/keep-it-simple-and-stay-open-the-waffle-house-storm-menu" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Waffle House Director of External Affairs Pat Warner told NPR.</a> Restaurants can stay open as long as natural gas is up and running, with employees <a href="https://www.wafflehouse.com/how-to-measure-a-storms-fury-one-breakfast-at-a-time/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">even boiling water on the grill for coffee.</a>The company shifts to a grill-only menu during natural disasters, <a href="https://www.wafflehouse.com/how-to-measure-a-storms-fury-one-breakfast-at-a-time/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Waffle House said.</a> Waffle irons don't work without electricity, but customers can still order anything on the grill including eggs, sausage, and hamburgers. When cash registers aren't working, customers can pay in cash.When a storm is on the forecast, Waffle House also brings in its mobile command center, an RV equipped to track the storm. The chain sends in <a href="https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/08/29/547079242/keep-it-simple-and-stay-open-the-waffle-house-storm-menu" target="_blank" rel="noopener">"jump teams" of restaurant managers</a> from areas unaffected by the storm to take over grills while regular employees are unable to get to work. Company leaders work from the headquarters in Atlanta to monitor the storm, direct jump teams, and source supplies like portable toilets and construction teams. Sales can be double or triple normal levels after a disaster, <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424053111904716604576542460736605364" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Wall Street Journal reported.</a>"If you factor in all the resources we deploy, the equipment we lease, the extra supplies trucked in, the extra manpower we bring in, a place for them to stay, you can see we aren't doing it for the sales those restaurants generate," Warner told WSJ.

This is how Waffle House stays open during storms — including using a natural disaster playbook, emergency teams, and limited menus

<ul class="summary-list"><li>European <keyword id="6354703" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="natural-gas" source="Orion">natural gas</keyword> futures jumped Thursday after <keyword id="11892705" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="germany" source="Orion">Germany</keyword> entered the "alarm" phase of its gas emergency plan. </li><li>Berlin said <keyword id="11894337" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="russia" source="Orion">Russia</keyword>'s reduction of gas supplies is an attack on Europe's largest economy. </li></ul>European gas prices surged Thursday as Germany raised the alert on its supply crisis, highlighting the impact of Russia's reduced flows into the region in the wake of Moscow's invasion of <keyword id="11985141" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="ukraine" source="Orion">Ukraine</keyword>. Benchmark Dutch futures contracts rose as much as 8.8% to 138 euros per megawatt hour ($145). German Economy Minister Robert Habeck declared the country is now in the "alarm" phase of its gas emergency plan, signaling that businesses and households need to cut down on consumption and that the government foresees long-term risk of supply shortfalls. Germany has exited the early-warning level and could potentially move into the third and final phase of the plan, the emergency level. "We must not fool ourselves: The cut in gas supplies is an economic attack on us by [Russian President Vladimir] Putin," Habeck said in a statement, <a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/germany-enter-phase-2-emergency-gas-plan-says-source-2022-06-23/">according to Reuters</a>. The German government will provide a credit line of 15 billion euros ($15.76 billion) to fill gas storage facilities and to launch an auction model this summer to encourage industrial users to save gas, the report said. The European Union on Wednesday suggested it would temporarily use coal to address shortfalls from Russia gas supplies. Gazprom, Russia's state gas company, cut flows through the Nord Stream 1 pipeline to Germany by 60% last week, <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2022/06/23/energy/germany-russia-gas-alarm/index.html">CNN reported</a>. Gazprom said the move stemmed from the West's withholding key turbines because of sanctions. Berlin held off on triggering an alarm-phase clause that would allow utilities to pass high prices onto industrial businesses and households. But Habeck said the clause may go into effect if price increases wore on. "If this minus becomes so big that the companies can't bear it any more and they fall down, the whole market threatens to fall down at some point — so a Lehman Brothers effect in the energy system," Habeck said, referring to the 2008 collapse of the US investment bank that triggered the global financial crisis.

European natural gas prices spike after Germany declares 'alarm' stage of emergency gas plan as Russia cuts supplies to Europe

<ul><li>A <keyword id="69007" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="world-economic-forum" source="Orion">World Economic Forum</keyword> report says that AI-based language models such as the now popular ChatGPT, have the potential to enhance productivity and output in the workplace. </li><li>Low-skilled workers can benefit from <keyword id="15777223" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="generative-ai" source="Orion">generative AI</keyword> technologies, leading to increased job satisfaction.</li><li>Imperative that workers acquire new skills to adapt to the changing landscape, says the report.</li></ul>With the launch of ChatGPT in November 2022, generative artificial intelligence (AI) has been the topic of discussion in corporate boardrooms, and living rooms alike. The World Economic Forum’s report, ‘Top 10 <keyword id="63664" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="emerging" source="Orion">Emerging</keyword> Technologies of 2023’, released on June 26, has also listed generative AI as one of the top emerging technologies and also explores the question about job displacement due to the new <keyword id="6355118" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="technology" source="Orion">technology</keyword>. The report defines generative AI as a technology that ‘can synthesise what it has learnt from gigantic data sets to create, and intuit new information in novel ways.’ In other words, generative AI has the ability to produce fresh, and unique content by analysing data patterns. This is achieved through the utilisation of intricate algorithms, and techniques that draw inspiration from the functioning of the human brain. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Can generative AI complement human workers?" comment="subhead" text="Can generative AI complement human workers?">Can generative AI complement human workers?</cmsannotation> AI-based language models such as the widely adopted ChatGPT, and its future iterations have the potential to enhance productivity, and elevate the quality of outputs in the workplace, the report says. By taking on tasks like generating ideas, and providing editing assistance, these models can redefine human roles, shifting the focus from initial drafting to more refined stages. Particularly, low-skilled workers can benefit from generative AI technologies, leading to increased job satisfaction, and a boost in self-confidence. Yeshab Giri, Chief Commercial Officer, Staffing, and Randstad Technologies, Randstad India, an HR services company, says that automated coding can make the job of coders more efficient and allow them to focus on tasks that are highly complex and subjective in nature. Similarly, AI tools can automate repetitive data entry tasks, and assist with research, enabling humans to focus on more complex, and creative aspects of their <keyword id="11018" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="jobs" source="Orion">jobs</keyword>. In the financial industry, AI tools can help with data analysis, providing analysts with faster and more accurate insights. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Will generative AI replace humans?" comment="subhead" text="Will generative AI replace humans?">Will generative AI replace humans?</cmsannotation> The big question is whether generative AI will also replace workers, especially those doing simple repetitive tasks. The WEF report mentions that it is crucial to acknowledge the likelihood of job displacement due to generative AI. “The worry that AI, and automation would result in job losses in certain areas is justified. Automation, and AI are changing the job market, and some jobs may eventually become obsolete as a result. These are likely to be those at the lower end of the creativity spectrum repetitive tasks,” says S. Pasupathi, Chief Operating Officer, HirePro, a technology platform for enterprise recruitment. He says that in their current state, AI models are unable to fully replace a broad spectrum of occupations due to the distinct skills, and capabilities that human intelligence offers. Occupations that necessitate creativity, empathy, physical agility, critical thinking, problem-solving skills, interpersonal interaction, emotional intelligence, as well as roles prioritising safety and security, cannot be effectively substituted by AI. “Jobs that rely on human emotions, intuition, and decision-making processes are less likely to be replaced by AI models in general,” says Pasupathi. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Importance of up-skilling and reskilling" comment="subhead" text="Importance of up-skilling and reskilling">Importance of up-skilling and reskilling</cmsannotation> The report says that to ensure widespread sharing of the advantages brought by technological innovation and to enable workers to thrive in the evolving job market, it is crucial to implement policies, and programs that aid them in <keyword id="3554713" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="upskilling" source="Orion">upskilling</keyword> and reskilling. By supporting workers in their endeavours to acquire new skills, they can adapt to the changing landscape, and effectively leverage the benefits of technological advancements. “It is important to view AI technology as a tool, and understand its capabilities to enhance your own skills. It is essential to focus on enhancing soft skills, like strategic planning, and subjective problem-solving to be able to feed AI-tools with the most relevant inputs for them to perform efficiently,” says Giri.

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