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<ul><li><keyword id="6360409" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="NASA" source="Orion">NASA</keyword>'s Perseverance <keyword id="718236" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Mars-rover" source="Orion">Mars rover</keyword> has now collected two rock samples, giving scientists insight into <keyword id="47638" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Mars" source="Orion">Mars</keyword>' history.</li><li>The first sample named "<keyword id="12077316" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Montdenier" source="Orion">Montdenier</keyword>" was collected on September 6, and a second, "Montagnac", from the same rock on September 8, the <keyword id="106731" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="US-space-agency" source="Orion">US space agency</keyword> said in a statement.</li><li>The rock that provided the mission's first core samples is basaltic in composition and may be the product of lava flows. The team also found salts within these rocks.</li></ul>NASA's Perseverance Mars rover has now collected two rock samples, giving scientists insight into Mars' history. The first sample named "Montdenier" was collected on September 6, and a second, "Montagnac", from the same rock on September 8, the US space agency said in a statement. Analysis of the rocks from which the Montdenier and <keyword id="12077317" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Montagnac-samples" source="Orion">Montagnac samples</keyword> were taken show signs that they were in contact with water for a long period of time, boosting the case for ancient life on the Red Planet. aceIt looks like our first rocks reveal a potentially habitable sustained environment. It's a big deal that the water was there for a long time," said Ken Farley of Caltech, project scientist for the mission, which is led by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Southern California. The rock that provided the mission's first core samples is basaltic in composition and may be the product of lava flows. The team also found salts within these rocks. These salts may have formed when groundwater flowed through and altered the original minerals in the rock, or more likely when liquid water evaporated, leaving the salts. The salt minerals in these first two rock cores may also have trapped tiny bubbles of ancient Martian water. If present, they could serve as microscopic time capsules, offering clues about the ancient climate and habitability of Mars. According to the team, the level of alteration seen in the rock that provided the core samples -- as well as in the rock the team targeted on their first sample-acquisition attempt -- suggests that groundwater was present for a long time. This groundwater could have been related to the lake that was once in Jezero, or it could have traveled through the rocks long after the lake had dried up. Though scientists still can't say whether any of the water that altered these rocks was present for tens of thousands or for millions of years, they feel more certain that it was there for long enough to make the area more welcoming to microscopic life in the past, the team explained. Perseverance's next likely sample site is just 656 feet (200 meters) away in "South Seitah". a series of ridges covered by sand dunes, boulders, and rock shards that Farley likens to "broken dinner plates". The Mars 2020 Perseverance mission is part of NASA's Moon to Mars exploration approach, which includes Artemis missions to the Moon that will help prepare for human exploration of the Red Planet. SEE ALSO: <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/apps/news/instagram-favourites-will-allow-users-to-prioritise-accounts-in-their-feed/articleshow/86134629.cms">Instagram 'Favourites' will allow users to prioritise accounts in their feed</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/mobile/news/motorcycle-engine-vibrations-can-degrade-iphone-camera-performance/articleshow/86134711.cms">Motorcycle engine vibrations can 'degrade' iPhone camera performance</a>

NASA Perseverance's rock sample to give insight into Mars' history

<ul class="summary-list"><li>A 14-year-old invented a handheld device that uses AI to detect pesticides on produce.</li><li>The design won him the $25,000 grand prize at this year's 3M Young Scientist Challenge.</li></ul>When 14-year-old Sirish Subash was told to wash his produce before eating it, he did what any <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/teen-wins-isef-science-fair-grand-prize-discovery-biomedical-devices-2024-5">inquiring young mind</a> might do: he asked himself "Why?" Then, he got to work.Subash wasn't satisfied with the explanation that <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-to-remove-pesticides-from-produce-organic-2017-11">washing removes potentially harmful pesticides</a> from produce. He wanted to know how effective washing actually was, so for this year's 3M Young Scientist Challenge, he set out to invent a device to answer that question.He spent about 11 months researching and developing what ultimately became a handheld device, called Pestiscand. It attaches to a smartphone and <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ai-power-list-2024">uses AI</a> to detect the presence of certain pesticides on common produce.<div type="image" title="on left is a front view of blue handheld pestiscand device and on right is a side view of the same device with red, blue, and yellow wires reading into a red electrical chip" height="1500" width="3000" msid="114982151" hostid="261" sizebytes="116108"></div>To use it, you download a phone app, point Pestiscand at the fruit or vegetable, and tap the scan button, Subash told Business Insider. If the scanner detects the <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/strawberries-greens-tainted-by-pesticides-despite-washing-report-2022-4">presence of pesticides</a>, you should give the fruit or vegetable another rinse."It can often take multiple rounds of washing to significantly reduce the quantity of pesticide residues from produce," he said.The device won him the $25,000 grand prize at this year's 3M Young Scientist Challenge, beating out nine other competitors. Gilles Benoit, a judge for the challenge, told BI over email that part of what set his project apart was its potential to help improve everyday health and safety."Diet is really one of the main roots of exposures to pesticides," Alexis Temkin, a senior toxicologist with the Environmental Working Group who wasn't involved with the competition, told BI. "And there's some evidence that shows dietary exposure can be linked with <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/pesticides-disrupt-our-hormones-for-generations-scientists-say-ddt-2021-4">really serious health effects</a>."Certain pesticides have been linked to a greater risk of type II diabetes, postmenopausal breast cancer, birth defects, and <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/toxic-chemicals-in-your-home-2018-11">some cancers</a>.<h2 id="719c67d4-c23b-49ef-8d28-337f8b6df514">An AI-based handheld device that detects pesticides</h2><div type="image" title="Sirish Subash in a blue suit and tie holding the grand prize award for 3M young scientist challenge smiling for the camera" height="6806" width="4540" msid="114982148" hostid="261" sizebytes="625514"></div>Pesticscand relies on a noninvasive technique called spectrophotometry, which shines a light on a piece of produce and then <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/leaders-discuss-ai-technology-transform-company-workflows-unlock-employee-potential-2024-10">uses AI to analyze</a> the light that's reflected back to identify what pesticide, if any, is present."His project exemplifies how AI is becoming more accessible, even to the youngest scientists," Benoit said.For the challenge, Subash tested four common fruits and vegetables: <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/us-fruits-vegetables-with-most-pesticide-contamination-2024-3">apples, spinach, strawberries</a>, and tomatoes. He then divided the fruits into four batches.The first three batches he sprayed with one of three common pesticides — azoxystrobin, imidacloprid, or cypermethrin — and the fourth batch he washed thoroughly for his pesticide-free control.While testing the device, he scanned each piece of produce multiple times in different locations, taking over 800 samples. Pestiscand can accurately identify both the presence of pesticides and which pesticide is present 93% of the time, he said.The device is still in its preliminary stages. Eventually, Subash hopes to develop a product that can identify the many hundreds of potential pesticides and estimate how much pesticide is left after an initial wash to determine if another rinse is necessary.For example, strawberries have grooves and crevices that make it "easier for biological and chemical contaminants to kind of stay on those for longer and it's harder to wash them off," said Danya de Montagnac, a pesticide research fellow at EWG.<h2 id="3daba9a4-69ba-495d-9c04-5da1059c1653">How to reduce your exposure to pesticides</h2><div type="image" title="container of strawberries being places under a running faucet" height="1414" width="2121" msid="114982150" hostid="261" sizebytes="139882"></div>Even though washing produce may not remove all pesticides, it's one of the best ways to reduce your exposure, de Montagnac said. She recommends washing for 15 to 60 seconds depending on the produce — for produce that typically contains a lot of pesticides, wash longer.Another option is to buy organic, particularly for items that contain high pesticide levels like grapes, kale, peaches, pears, and nectarines, according to the EWG.Organic produce still contains pesticides, but they're natural. It's the synthetic pesticides on conventional produce associated with adverse health effects, Temkin said.Just because <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/foods-with-most-least-pesticides-not-important-2017-3">produce contains pesticides</a> doesn't mean you should avoid it altogether."The majority of the population already is <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/eating-30-plants-a-week-gut-health-easier-2024-6">not eating enough fruits and vegetables</a>. So by no means should concerns about pesticides sort of get you to avoid fruits and vegetables," Temkin said.

A 14-year-old's award-winning invention uses AI to detect pesticides on fruit and vegetables

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NASA Perseverance's rock sample to give insight into Mars' history

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A 14-year-old's award-winning invention uses AI to detect pesticides on fruit and vegetables

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