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In a landmark judgement, the <keyword id="19900742" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Supreme-Court-of-India" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="Supreme Court of India" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court of India</keyword> has broadened the definition of crimes under the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act. The court ruled that simply viewing <keyword id="20456028" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="child-pornography" source="keywords">child pornography</keyword> on the internet, without physically possessing or storing the material, is now a criminal offence under Section 15 of the <keyword id="19920672" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="POCSO-Act" source="keywords">POCSO Act</keyword> and provisions of the <keyword id="19930099" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="information-technology" source="keywords">Information Technology</keyword> (IT) Act. This ruling significantly expands the scope of the law to address the evolving challenges posed by digital platforms. <h2>A wider net</h2>In its ruling, a bench comprising Chief Justice D.Y. Chandrachud and Justice J.B. Pardiwala stated, "Any act of viewing, distributing, or displaying child pornographic material by a person over the internet without any actual or physical possession or storage of such material in any device or in any form or manner would also amount to 'possession' in terms of Section 15 of POCSO Act." This interpretation effectively settled conflicting verdicts from various high courts, notably overturning a Madras High Court decision that had quashed a POCSO case against an individual who had viewed child pornography but had not circulated it. The Supreme Court, in agreeing with senior advocate H.S. Phoolka's arguments, deemed the earlier judgement "egregiously erroneous." <h2>Crimes categorised</h2>In a further clarification, the Supreme Court divided crimes related to child pornography under Section 15 of the POCSO Act into three distinct categories. The decision emphasised that law enforcement and courts must carefully assess each case to determine the specific category under which an offence falls. One critical insight from the judgement is that an offender cannot escape prosecution by simply deleting illegal content before an FIR is registered. The bench declared, "We clarify that there is no requirement under Section 15 of POCSO Act that ‘storage’ or ‘possession’ must continue to exist at the time of initiation of the criminal proceeding, and no such requirement can be read into the said provision." <div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="113417654" title="“Learned no lessons from Nirbhaya case”: Madhya Pradesh High Court criticises lenient treatment of crime-accused juvies in India" mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div>This means that even if an individual deletes the material before the authorities take action, they may still face <keyword id="20554971" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="legal-consequences" source="keywords">legal consequences</keyword> based on the mere act of viewing or temporary possession. <h2><keyword id="23293250" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="automatic-downloads" source="keywords">Automatic downloads</keyword></h2>Acknowledging the complexities of <keyword id="20573374" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="digital-media" source="keywords">digital media</keyword>, the Supreme Court recognised that certain child pornographic content might be automatically downloaded onto devices without the user’s knowledge. To address this, the court created a safeguard for those unaware of the offensive material stored on their devices. If a person discovers such material on their device through automatic downloads, they will not be prosecuted if they take immediate steps to delete it and report it to the authorities. However, the onus is on the device owner to act swiftly. Failure to delete or report the offensive material after becoming aware of it would constitute an offence under the law. To avoid the automatic downloading of problematic material, there are several proactive measures you can take. First, adjust your browser settings to disable automatic downloads and pop-ups, ensuring you have to approve any file before it is downloaded to your device. Regularly update your web browser and security software to benefit from the latest protections against malicious websites. <div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="113146443" title="Karnataka HC rejects school teacher&amp;#39;s plea to quash POCSO case over filming of girl students" mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div>Additionally, be cautious about the sites you visit, particularly those that seem suspicious or unfamiliar; stick to well-known, reputable sources. Additionally, consider using ad blockers or content filters that can prevent potentially harmful content from loading. Always be mindful of any unsolicited links in emails or messages, as these can lead to automatic downloads of unwanted material. Lastly, routinely monitor your device for any unfamiliar files and promptly delete anything that looks suspicious to minimise your risk of unknowingly storing problematic content. <h2>What this means for the future</h2>This judgement sends a clear message: India is taking a zero-tolerance approach toward child pornography in all its forms, whether stored, distributed, or merely viewed. The ruling adapts the legal framework to modern challenges, ensuring that perpetrators can no longer hide behind technicalities such as the absence of physical possession. The Supreme Court’s interpretation also places a burden on individuals to exercise responsibility in the digital world. Anyone who stumbles upon child pornography, whether intentionally or accidentally, must take swift action to avoid legal consequences. (With inputs from agencies)

You can now be prosecuted for unknowingly “auto-downloading” child porn. Here’re some safe browsing habits

Digital transformations have made an appreciable impact on society. Whether it's conspicuous guidance or subtle suggestion, technology influences our everyday decisions. Think about it: You landed on this very page because an algorithm willed it — via a social platform, a search result, or some other digital conduit.Digital transformations have made an appreciable impact on society. Whether it's conspicuous guidance or subtle suggestion, technology influences our everyday decisions. Think about it: You landed on this very page because an algorithm willed it — via a social platform, a search result, or some other digital conduit.This extensive development of information technology has disrupted just about every industry you can think of. It's gaining even more momentum with the help of innovations such as artificial intelligence, cloud tech, extended reality, and additive manufacturing. Business Insider's ongoing series "Build IT" takes a deep dive into the technologies that are driving change across sectors, including banking, farming, fashion, music, sports, and more.Read the stories ahead to learn how experts are using tech tools to improve companies of all sizes and create a world where IT and digital innovations have resounding authority. <h2>Credits</h2>Series Editor: Brea Cubit Story Editors: Brea Cubit, Stephanie Hallett, Lily Katzman, Monica Melton, Mark Yarm Story Reporters: Érica Carnevalli, Shayna Conde, Nicholas Fearn, Jake Hall, Leila Jordan, Christine MacIntyre, Ngozi Nwanji, Amanda Paule, Bella Sayegh, Matthew S. Smith, Madeline Stone, Ellen Thomas, Diana Umana, Sabina Wex Illustrator: Glenn Harvey Design and Development: Annie Fu, Alyssa Powell, Taylor Tyson Social Audience Producers and Editors: Julianne Han, Daria Yazmiene Executive Editor, Special Projects: Julia Hood

Build IT explores digital transformations that are developing information technology across industries

<ul><li><keyword id="22496070" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="AI-based-technology" source="keywords">AI-based technology</keyword> will be used for <keyword id="20074926" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="crowd-management" source="keywords">crowd management</keyword> at <keyword id="23948812" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="Mahakumbh-Mela-2025" source="keywords">Mahakumbh Mela 2025</keyword>.</li><li>Around 2,700 <keyword id="19997866" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="CCTV-cameras" source="keywords">CCTV cameras</keyword> are being installed at the fair area ahead of the event.</li><li><keyword id="19897919" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="social-media" source="keywords">Social media</keyword> platforms like Facebook and X will provide immediate assistance in locating lost relatives.</li></ul>As Prayagraj gears up for the festivities of Mahakumbh Mela 2025, AI-based technology will be used for crowd management for the convenience of devotees, SSP Mahakumbh Mela said. In a bid to ensure the safety and convenience of an estimated 45 crore devotees, the Yogi Adityanath government is preparing for the upcoming Maha Kumbh. For the first time, the grand event is being digitized on such a large scale, leveraging Artificial Intelligence (AI) and social media platforms to enhance management and security. "Around 2700 CCTV cameras are being installed in the district and the whole fair area. This will help us in crowd management... Cameras with AI features have also been installed in the area. These cameras will automatically send us alerts based on their feed. This step would be in addition to human intelligence. AI is adding to the information of human intelligence. We have already installed 25 police stations in the area and a total of 56 stations will be placed,” said Rajesh Dwivedi, SSP, Mahakumbh Mela. AI-powered cameras are being installed throughout the Kumbh site to monitor the massive crowd and ensure 24/7 surveillance. These state-of-the-art cameras will not only bolster security but also assist in reuniting individuals who may get separated during the event. In addition, popular social media platforms like Facebook and X will provide immediate assistance in locating lost relatives, streamlining the process of reuniting families amidst the sea of pilgrims. This time, visitors from across the country and abroad attending the Mahakumbh 2025 won't have to worry about losing their loved ones in the crowd. The Mela administration has devised an extensive plan to address this concern. A digital 'khoya paaya kendra' (lost-and-found centre) will go live on December 1, utilizing advanced technology to reunite separated individuals quickly and efficiently. The entire fair area is being equipped with 328 AI-enabled cameras, which have already been tested at four key locations. These cameras will monitor the crowd 24/7 and assist in locating lost individuals. Under the directives of the Yogi government, the large-scale installation of these cameras is in its final stages. The digital lost-and-found centres will immediately register every missing person's details digitally. Once registered, the AI-powered cameras will begin searching for the individual. Additionally, information about missing persons will be shared on social media platforms like Facebook and X (formerly Twitter), making it easier to locate them quickly. Face recognition technology will be used at the Maha Kumbh to identify individuals who get separated from their loved ones. This advanced system will work instantly, capturing photographs and identifying individuals among the estimated 45 crore attendees. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/mobile/news/oppo-find-x8-and-find-x8-pro-launched-in-india-starting-at-69999/articleshow/115521010.cms">Oppo Find X8 and Find X8 Pro launched in India starting at ₹69,999</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/mobile/news/android-16-developer-preview-announced-new-features-timeline-and-everything-you-need-to-know/articleshow/115476441.cms">Android 16 Developer Preview announced – new features, timeline and everything you need to know</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/indian-wearables-market-declines-20-7-in-q3-2024-smartwatch-and-earwear-categories-struggle/articleshow/115447720.cms">Indian wearables market declines 20.7% in Q3 2024, smartwatch and earwear categories struggle</a>

AI-based technology to be used for crowd management at the Mahakumbh Mela 2025

The government has dropped the permit requirement for untested AI models but emphasised the need to label AI-generated content, according to a latest advisory on <keyword id="19904566" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="artificial-intelligence" source="keywords">Artificial Intelligence</keyword> technology. Instead of permission for AI models under development, the fresh advisory issued by the <keyword id="19966789" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="ministry-of-electronics" source="keywords">Ministry of Electronics</keyword> and IT on Friday evening fine-tuned the compliance requirement as per IT Rules of 2021. "The advisory is issued in suppression of advisory...dated 1st March 2024," the advisory said. It has been observed that IT firms and platforms are often negligent in undertaking due diligence obligations underlined under the <keyword id="19930099" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="information-technology" source="keywords">Information Technology</keyword> (Intermediary Guidelines and <keyword id="20033095" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="digital-media-ethics-code" source="keywords">Digital Media Ethics Code</keyword> ) Rules, 2021, according to the new advisory. The government has asked firms to label content generated using their AI software or platform and inform users about the possible inherent fallibility or unreliability of the output generated using their AI tools. "Where any intermediary through its software or any other computer resource permits or facilitates synthetic creation, generation or modification of a text, audio, visual or audio-visual information, in such a manner that such information may be used potentially as misinformation or deepfake, it is advised that such information created generated or modified through its software or any other computer resource is labelled....that such information has been created generated or modified using the computer resource of the intermediary," the advisory said. In case any changes are made by the user, the metadata should be so configured to enable identification of such user or computer resource that has effected such change, it added. After a controversy over a response of Google's AI platform to queries related to Prime Minister <keyword id="19895781" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="narendra-modi" source="keywords">Narendra Modi</keyword>, the government on March 1 issued an advisory for social media and other platforms to label under-trial AI models and prevent hosting unlawful content. The <keyword id="19959928" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="ministry-of-electronics-and-information-technology" source="keywords">Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology</keyword>, in the advisory issued to intermediaries and platforms, warned of criminal action in case of non-compliance. The previous advisory has asked the entities to seek approval from the government for deploying under trial or unreliable artificial intelligence (AI) models and deploy them only after labelling them of "possible and inherent fallibility or unreliability of the output generated". SEE ALSO:<a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/auto/news/new-ev-policy-elon-musks-tesla-may-soon-enter-india-as-import-taxes-slashed-for-electric-vehicles/articleshow/108527306.cms" target="_blank"></a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/auto/news/new-ev-policy-elon-musks-tesla-may-soon-enter-india-as-import-taxes-slashed-for-electric-vehicles/articleshow/108527306.cms" target="_blank">New EV Policy: Elon Musk’s Tesla may soon enter India as import taxes slashed for electric vehicles</a><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/benq-w5800-home-cinema-projector-launched-in-india-with-a-price-tag-of-6-5-lakh/articleshow/108523671.cms" target="_blank"></a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/benq-w5800-home-cinema-projector-launched-in-india-with-a-price-tag-of-6-5-lakh/articleshow/108523671.cms" target="_blank">BenQ W5800 home cinema projector launched in India with a price tag of ₹6.5 lakh</a><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/mobile/news/samsung-galaxy-a35-and-galaxy-a55-launched-in-india-starting-at-30999/articleshow/108512386.cms" target="_blank"></a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/mobile/news/samsung-galaxy-a35-and-galaxy-a55-launched-in-india-starting-at-30999/articleshow/108512386.cms" target="_blank">Samsung Galaxy A35 and Galaxy A55 launched in India starting at ₹30,999</a>

Govt removes permit requirement for untested AI models; calls for labelling content

Since 2013, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk">Elon Musk</a> has promised that <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/tesla">Tesla</a> will have a <a target="_blank" href="https://www.cnn.com/2013/09/18/business/tesla-self-drive-car/index.html">self-driving car</a>. To get there, the company has leaned on a specialized group of test drivers who are part of what's known internally as "Project Rodeo."Test drivers on Project Rodeo say they push the company's self-driving software to its limit. They work to bridge the gap between driver-assist software and fully autonomous driving. Operating on open streets with other vehicles, cyclists, and pedestrians, they have tested unreleased software that will be crucial to Tesla's push into autonomous driving.Test drivers said they sometimes navigated perilous scenarios, particularly those drivers on Project Rodeo's "critical intervention" team, who say they're trained to wait as long as possible before taking over the car's controls. Tesla engineers say there's a reason for this: The longer the car continues to drive itself, the more data they have to work with. Experts in self-driving tech and safety say this type of approach could speed up the software's development but risks the safety of the test drivers and people on public roads."The idea is that you're a cowboy on a bull and you're just trying to hang on as long as you can," a former test driver who trained for the critical-intervention team in San Francisco said.Business Insider spoke with nine current and former Project Rodeo test drivers and three Autopilot engineers in states including California, Texas, and Florida. The drivers worked on training Tesla's Full Self-Driving software and its Autopilot software, which, despite the products' names, require a licensed driver at the wheel. Most asked to remain anonymous, citing a fear of professional reprisal, but their identities are known to Business Insider. Eight of the drivers described experiences that occurred over the past year, mostly between November and April.<div type="image" title="tesla cars in a parking lot" height="2827" width="4195" msid="114814069" hostid="261" sizebytes="1645262"></div>None of the test drivers who spoke with BI said they had been involved in a crash.Five who worked for the company in 2024 said they narrowly avoided collisions, including almost hitting a group of pedestrians. One former critical-intervention driver in Texas told BI that they sometimes ventured into their city's bar district late at night to see how Tesla's FSD software reacted to drunk patrons spilling out after last call. The former driver in San Francisco recalled riding around Stanford University during training, testing how close FSD would allow the vehicle to get to people at crosswalks before they had to take over. And a third critical-intervention driver said they allowed the car to speed through yellow lights and drive 35 mph under the speed limit on an expressway to avoid disengaging the system.A former Autopilot engineer told BI that while testing is done on open roads, Tesla runs hundreds of simulations and sometimes tests difficult scenarios on a closed course before rolling out new software to test drivers' vehicles.Tesla did not respond to a detailed list of questions about Project Rodeo and its self-driving technology.The test drivers' experiences highlight the balancing act Tesla and other automakers face as they prepare their self-driving software for widespread consumer use.Experts say public testing is crucial and can help identify safety issues before the technology hits the market. Missy Cummings, a former safety advisor for the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, said that while practices vary, she believes many autonomous-vehicle companies likely employ tactics similar to Tesla's."In theory, these drivers have gone through training, and eventually these cars do need to be able to operate in the public domain," Cummings said. She added that clearly marked vehicles could help the public better identify test drivers.Safety experts say fragmented and limited autonomous-vehicle regulations, coupled with self-reporting by automakers, create a complex environment where companies balance public safety with getting their products ready for commercial use."There are very few rules around autonomous testing and a lot of dependency on self-reporting," said Mark Rosekind, a former NHTSA administrator and chief safety innovation officer for Zoox, an Amazon-owned autonomous-taxi firm. "If companies aren't reporting, it's hard to know what's going on."In the past decade, authorities have investigated several automakers, including Tesla, Waymo, and Cruise, over crashes involving self-driving or driver-assist software.<div type="image" title="elon musk looks at a tesla" height="3488" width="4868" msid="114814075" hostid="261" sizebytes="1020846"></div>A lot depends on Tesla's promise of autonomous driving; Musk said <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-tesla-worth-basically-zero-without-self-driving-2022-6">in 2022</a> that self-driving was "really the difference between Tesla being worth a lot of money or worth basically zero." The Morgan Stanley analyst Adam Jonas wrote in a <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/tesla-robotaxi-release-date-elon-musk-stock-price-2024-9">note</a> last month that the company's future valuation was "highly dependent on its ability to develop, manufacture, and commercialize autonomous technologies." Tesla's stock fell by 10% on October 11, the day after the company's robotaxi event. <a target="_blank" href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/tesla-stock-price-q3-earnings-elon-musk-profit-margins-guidance-2024-10">It rebounded after Tesla reported earnings on October 23</a>, and it's up by more than 3% overall in the year to date.<h2 id="e24440fb-f024-4003-b2a2-7b4d055c8c7a">Inside the day-to-day of a Project Rodeo driver</h2>Tesla went on a hiring spree this year, bringing on test drivers in at least half a dozen US cities, a review of LinkedIn profiles suggests.A <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/tesla-job-openings-seasonal-test-drivers-data-capture-2023-7">job listing from 2023</a> said test drivers needed a "clean driving record, safe driving habits, and a minimum of 4 years of licensed driving experiences." Eight drivers told BI that the onboarding process included two to three weeks of hands-on training, including test drives with a trainer in the passenger seat.According to employees and internal documents, one specialty within Project Rodeo works to replicate the job of a ride-hailing driver by picking random points on a map and driving between them. Those working on a different team, known as the "golden manual" team, drive manually, without any assistance, to train FSD software on what by-the-book, error-free driving looks like.Critical-intervention test drivers, who are among Project Rodeo's most experienced, let the software continue driving even after it makes a mistake. They're trained to stage "interventions" — taking manual control of the car — only to prevent a crash, said the three critical-intervention drivers and five other drivers familiar with the team's mission. Drivers on the team and internal documents say that cars rolled through red lights, swerved into other lanes, or failed to follow posted speed limits while FSD was engaged. The drivers said they allowed FSD to remain in control during these incidents because supervisors encouraged them to try to avoid taking over.The critical-intervention drivers recalled multiple instances where they felt unsafe but believed intervening could put their jobs at risk. The former driver in Texas recalled taking over only after FSD nearly rammed the car into the side of a vehicle stopped at an intersection.Non-critical-intervention drivers said they also felt pressure to push the system as far as possible. Five current and former employees said that they were instructed to intervene if they became uncomfortable with the software's behavior but that they sometimes received feedback from their supervisors if they were considered to have disengaged too early.John Bernal, a former test driver and data analyst at Tesla, said test drivers dealt with risky situations as far back as 2022. (Bernal was terminated that year; he said he was fired for sharing videos on his YouTube channel that showed his personal Tesla malfunctioning while using FSD.) He described instances where he broke traffic laws in order to collect data. Bernal said that his supervisors never instructed him to break the law but that he sometimes felt it was the only way to get the data the company wanted.He recalled one test in 2022 that was designed to see how well the system recognized a red light."My training was to wait until the wheels touched the white line before I could slam on the brakes," Bernal said. He said he sometimes ended up in the middle of the intersection if the system didn't work correctly.He also worked to train the autonomous software on "vulnerable road users" — defined by the Department of Transportation as pedestrians, bicyclists, people on scooters or in wheelchairs, or highway workers on foot — when he manually drove the "Ground Truth Machine," a Tesla outfitted with lidar and radar sensors to help the system map and identify objects."I'd drive over double lines to get close to a bike," Bernal said. "I would go obnoxiously slow through an alleyway where drunk people were, and I would be extremely rude and get really close to people."<div type="image" title="tesla showroom with autopilot posters" height="2939" width="4200" msid="114814073" hostid="261" sizebytes="255868"></div>Two years later, test drivers were asked to train the system near pedestrians, test drivers said. Five recalled a bug with FSD that made vehicles brake too early at crosswalks. To improve its performance, they were instructed to interact with pedestrians as frequently as possible.Sometimes, the drivers said, the software would slam on the brakes when no one was at the crosswalk; other times, it wouldn't stop at all. According to Tesla employees and internal documentation, FSD's performance depended heavily on its software version, and the versions appeared to operate at different levels of caution.The former San Francisco driver said that as they drove around Stanford University, their trainer, another test operator with more experience on the team, chastised them for braking too early. They recalled that at one point they came within three feet of hitting a bicyclist at a roundabout."I vividly remember this guy jumping off his bike. He was terrified," the driver told BI. "The car lunged at him, and all I could do was stomp on the brakes." They said the trainer was pleased by the incident. "He told me, 'That was perfect.' That was exactly what they wanted me to do."The driver added that "it felt like the goal was almost to simulate a hit-or-miss accident and then prevent it at the last second."The former Autopilot engineer said it was better for training to see whether the software could correct itself. They also said that not intervening when the car acted abnormally — including veering into another lane or doing something that confuses another driver — was important for training. Human motorists don't always drive rationally, they explained, and the software needs to know how to respond. It's also easier to parse the data if there are fewer driver interventions, they said."At the critical juncture where it's about to make the key decision," they said, it's helpful to see whether the software makes the right or wrong call. "We want the data to know what led the car to that decision," the engineer said. "If you keep intervening too early, we don't really get to the exact moment where we're like, OK, we understand what happened."<h2 id="52098605-f887-4702-a6ab-cf47e173ce28">A 'Wild West' with little regulation</h2>Tesla is one of many automakers attempting to make autonomous vehicles a reality. Waymo, backed by Alphabet, launched the first driverless taxi service in Phoenix in 2020."In many ways, it's like the Wild West out there," said Cummings, the former NHTSA safety advisor. "There is very little regulation around training or informing the public about testing."The stakes of data collection on public roads are high. In 2018, a self-driving Uber with a person behind the wheel struck and killed a pedestrian in Arizona. Cruise paused testing after one of its driverless vehicles hit a pedestrian in October 2023. Another vehicle had already hit the pedestrian when the Cruise car struck her, dragging her 20 feet before stopping. It <a target="_blank" href="https://www.getcruise.com/news/blog/2024/cruise-resumes-manual-driving-as-next-step-in-return-to-driverless-mission/">resumed testing</a> with safety drivers in some cities in May.<div type="image" title="waymo self driving taxi interior with pedestrians outside" height="4000" width="6000" msid="114814077" hostid="261" sizebytes="568560"></div>Two former Waymo employees said that they had a team similar to Tesla's critical-intervention team but that Waymo's version of critical-intervention testing was limited to closed tracks with dummies. Two former Cruise employees said that they had mapping teams and teams that tested on closed courses and public roads but that, unlike at Tesla, those teams were instructed to take over as soon as the software went off track, and they typically tested with at least two people in the car.A Waymo spokesperson said the company's safety framework included rigorous testing in controlled environments and on public roads. A Cruise spokesperson said the company's vehicles were designed as fully autonomous systems and were therefore fundamentally different from Tesla's driver-assistance technologies.Philip Koopman, an autonomous-driving expert at Carnegie Mellon University, said that Tesla's critical-intervention approach, as described to him by BI, was "irresponsible" and that the company should be playing out all "critical scenarios" on a closed course."By allowing the software to continue misbehaving to the point a test driver needs to avoid a crash, Tesla would be imposing a risk on other road users who have not agreed to serve as test subjects," Koopman said.Alex Roy, a general partner at NIVC and a former director of operations at the autonomous-driving startup Argo AI, said companies should be correcting the software as soon as it strays from the course, particularly on public roads."You should play those mistakes out in a simulation, not on an open road," Roy said. "Real-world testing is necessary, but real-world mistakes are not." The former Tesla engineer said they doubted that computer simulations are sophisticated enough to replicate the data generated by real-world driving. The former engineer said that, to help the software improve, it was best for test drivers to avoid intervening whenever possible."If you have a parent that's holding the bike the entire time, it never gets to learn," the engineer said.Test drivers on Project Rodeo felt this keenly."You're pretty much running on adrenaline the entire eight-hour shift," one former test driver in the Southwest said. "There's this feeling that you're on the edge of something going seriously wrong."Do you work for Tesla or have a tip? Reach out to the reporter via a non-work email and device at <a target="_blank" href="mailto:gkay@businessinsider.com">gkay@businessinsider.com</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="c-link">248-894-6012</a>.

Inside 'Project Rodeo,' the Tesla effort pushing the limits of self-driving technology

New Delhi: India is set to enter a transformative "smartphone era" for cars in 2025, with the introduction of vehicles featuring 5G M2M connectivity and advanced AI technologies, according to the latest findings from Techarc's India Connected Consumer Report 2025. The report said the automotive sector will skip 4G and will enable connectivity using the latest 5G cellular technology. It observed that consumers are interested in spending money on improving the value proposition in terms of features, quality and experience rather than exploring too many smart devices. "22 per cent of the respondents shared about considering optimising their smart devices portfolio. Among the new set of categories, smart/connected cars is generating high interest among consumers. 55 per cent of the respondents said that they have come across news or information about smart/connected cars in recent times," it said. Starting in 2025, passenger cars in India will be equipped with 5G M2M connectivity, on-device GenAI, and cloud connectivity, making advanced technologies accessible across various price segments, it added. In-vehicle computing and artificial intelligence (GenAI), along with cloud applications, will become essential components of cars, enabling real-time data processing to support drivers effectively. Most cars priced at Rs 20 lakh and above will feature these technologies as standard. The cumulative revenues from automotive chipset companies have already surpassed USD 1.5 billion, with companies like Qualcomm and MediaTek leading the market. Some of the familiar applications that consumers will be able to use while driving include communication apps for audio/video conferencing, OTT entertainment apps, music streaming, podcasts, online shopping, vehicle maintenance, and servicing. "With connectivity and the technologies it brings to the cars, the future of the automobile sector will be fundamentally determined by the auto-technologies that will influence the overall experience, performance, comfort, safety and entertainment available to the drivers as well as the passengers. "So far, such features were seen as luxury or high-end experiences. But starting 2025, many of these will become mainstream for cars in India," Techarc AutoTech Analyst Sadat Ahanger said. With 22 automobile manufacturers producing nearly 5 million passenger vehicles annually in India, the country is poised to become a leader in the global 5G M2M market within the next few years, the report said. About 21 per cent of respondents said MG Motors is the leader in providing <keyword id="24016739" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="connected-cars-in-India" source="keywords">connected cars in India</keyword>, followed closely by Kia Motors at 18 per cent and Tata Motors at 15 per cent, it added. Hyundai and Maruti Suzuki also ranked among the top-five brands in this category. The report draws insights from a survey of 4,500 "connected consumers" across metro and non-metro cities. The report defined a connected consumer as one owning at least 3 smart devices in addition to a smartphone.

India to shift to 'smartphone era' for cars embracing 5G, advanced AI in 2025: Report

New Delhi, The <keyword id="19895782" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="election-commission" source="keywords">Election Commission</keyword> Thursday directed the Centre to immediately stop delivering bulk WhatsApp messages to people under the "<keyword id="21003206" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="viksit-bharat-sampark" source="keywords">Viksit Bharat Sampark</keyword>" initiative to highlight the government's achievements. The direction was issued to the Secretary, <keyword id="19959928" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="ministry-of-electronics-and-information-technology" source="keywords">Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology</keyword>, after the <keyword id="19933395" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="commission" source="keywords">Commission</keyword> received complaints about the matter. "The move is a part of a series of decisions taken by the Commission to ensure a level-playing field," the Commission said. Asking the government to ensure there is "no further delivery" of the bulk WhatsApp messages to people, the Commission sought an "immediate" compliance report on the matter from the ministry. The ministry had informed the Commission that the messages along with a letter from Prime Minister <keyword id="19895781" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="narendra-modi" source="keywords">Narendra Modi</keyword> were sent before the Model Code of Conduct came into force on March 16 with the announcement of Lok Sabha poll schedule. "... due to system architecture and network limitations it is possible that some letters have a delayed delivery," the ministry said in a communication to the Commission. The poll authority had received several complaints that such messages highlighting the government's initiatives were being delivered on citizens' phones despite the announcement of parliamentary elections 2024 and the <keyword id="20139372" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="mcc" source="keywords">MCC</keyword> coming into force. The Congress and the <keyword id="19968095" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="trinamool-congress" source="keywords">Trinamool Congress</keyword> had raised objections to the message and requested the Election Commission to act against this "blatant violation" of the Model Code of Conduct. On Tuesday, the Chandigarh Chief Electoral Officer had referred to the Election Commission for "appropriate action" a complaint regarding bulk WhatsApp messages. According to an official statement on Tuesday, after examination of the complaint, the district media certification and monitoring committee found prima facie evidence of a violation of the Model Code of Conduct. The complaint was received through the cVIGIL mobile application of the poll panel.

Model Code: EC asks govt to stop sending 'Viksit Bharat' messages on WhatsApp

New Delhi [India], March 6 (<keyword id="19904948" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="ani" source="keywords">ANI</keyword>): The Enforcement Directorate (ED) has filed a prosecution complaint against 299 accused persons and entities (including 76 Chinese-controlled entities) and two other entities controlled by other foreign nationals in an ongoing money laundering case, the agency said on Wednesday. The case is linked to the duping of gullible investors who were promised astronomical returns on investing money (claimed to be used for mining bitcoins and other crypto Currencies) for which an app-based token by the name of "<keyword id="19984854" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="hpz-token" source="keywords">HPZ Token</keyword>" was used. The prosecution complaint filed before a Special Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA) court in Nagaland's Dimapur named 299 accused persons and 78 entities. Out of the total entities named in the prosecution complaint, 76 are Chinese-controlled entities (in which 10 directors are of Chinese origin) and two other entities are controlled by other foreign nationals. The court took cognizance of the offence of money laundering in the prosecution complaint on Tuesday after finding that a prima-facie case has been made under PMLA, 2002, against the said 299 accused persons. ED initiated an investigation based on an FIR registered by Cyber Crime Police Station, <keyword id="20214444" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="kohima" source="keywords">Kohima</keyword> (Nagaland) under various sections of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 and the <keyword id="20003647" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="information-technology-act" source="keywords">Information Technology Act</keyword>, concerning the duping of gullible investors who were promised astronomical returns on investing money [claimed to be used for mining of bitcoins and other cryptocurrencies], for which an app-based token by the name of "HPZ Token" was used. The ED investigation revealed that various bank accounts and merchant IDs were opened by various shell entities having dummy directors and proprietors only for the rotation and layering of proceeds of crime representing funds fraudulently received for illegal online gaming betting and investment in <keyword id="19899404" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="bitcoin" source="keywords">Bitcoin</keyword> mining. For an investment of Rs 57,000, returns of Rs 4,000 per day for three months were promised but money was paid only once and thereafter, fresh funds were sought. Earlier, ED conducted search operations at 44 locations throughout the country and an amount of Rs 176.67 crore, maintained by shell entities in various banks and virtual accounts, was frozen. Further movable and immovable properties to the extent of Rs 278.70 crore held in the name of dummy entities were attached. Total seizure and attachment stand at Rs 455.37 crore in the case so far. (ANI)

ED files prosecution complaint against 299 accused, 76 Chinese-controlled entities in a money laundering case

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Trading firm Susquehanna is dipping its toe into sports gambling.</li><li>The space has exploded in the US as dozens of states have legalized <keyword id="20103900" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="online-gambling" source="keywords">online gambling</keyword>.</li></ul>Quants and gambling have been intertwined from the start. Math professor and first-generation quant trader Ed Thorp first rose to fame because he laid out the blueprint for counting cards in blackjack in his 1962 book "Beat the Dealer." A typical night for the late founder of <keyword id="21613450" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Renaissance-Technologies" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="Renaissance Technologies" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="Renaissance Technologies">Renaissance Technologies</keyword>, Jim Simons, when he was an undergrad at MIT included long-running poker games with his classmates. A <a target="_blank" href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/quants-book/">now-infamous poker charity tournament in 2006</a> had some of the biggest names in hedge funds competing, including Citadel's Ken Griffin, AQR's Cliff Asness, and PDT's Peter Muller, who came out on top. But they all knew the real money was in the markets, not poker pots. While some quant types have made their fortunes gambling — such as Bill Benter, <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2018-05-03/the-gambler-who-cracked-the-horse-racing-code" target="_blank">the man who "cracked" horse racing</a> — the most ambitious chased basis points, not parlays. Until now. Trading giant Susquehanna <a target="_blank" href="https://www.ft.com/content/88ba9e42-09c2-480a-8b21-43051707f84d">has built out a 15-person unit focused on </a>sports gambling in Dublin and plans to expand into the US. The number of "well-informed, deep-pocketed users" is growing on Novig, a <keyword id="22230743" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="sports-betting" source="keywords">sports betting</keyword> exchange, the startup's founder Kelechi Ukah told Business Insider. With sports gambling exploding in popularity in the US thanks to dozens of states allowing online betting, these traders —known to use copious amounts of data and sophisticated programs to trade securities in markets around the world — are diving in in search of serious profits in a nascent space. The increased presence of top-level quant firms is going to cut into the wins of the average gambler even more, said Jacek Dmochowski, a professor at the City College of New York who has studied the "optimal" way to gamble on sports. Sports gambling in the US is no longer a business done under the table with a shady bookie or on a Las Vegas bachelor party trip. Every night, millions are betting on college and professional games, some to the point of no return — <a target="_blank" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/business/consumer/online-sports-gambling-bankrupting-households-reducing-savings-rcna167235">a study from UCLA</a> found that states that legalized gambling have seen a 28% increase in bankruptcies compared to those that didn't. Through the second quarter of this year, online gambling site <keyword id="23047077" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="FanDuel" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="FanDuel" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="FanDuel">FanDuel</keyword> averaged 3.3 million bettors each month. Flutter Entertainment, the owner of Irish gambling company Paddy Power and US-based DraftKings, made more than $7 billion in revenue across its different units in the first half of the year. Executives at MGM spoke on their earnings call at the end of July about timing product releases for the start of football season. While the limits for many of these online platforms are relatively small compared to the trades the world's smartest quants are typically putting on, the space is growing rapidly. "Sportsbooks will have to basically alter their lines in response" to large wagers from <keyword id="23774657" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="trading-firms" source="keywords">trading firms</keyword>, Dmochowski said. "That's going to make it harder for the betting public to make a profit." <h2>Easy wins are already vanishing</h2>The trading firms that are slow to move have already missed out on low-hanging fruit. "It's a very similar dynamic to the electronicification of securities marketplaces in the 70s and 80s," said Ukah, the cofounder of Novig and a one-time Jane Street intern. Just as stock trading evolved from a phone call with a broker who would charge a commission to discount to online brokerages like eTrade to algorithmic trading shops, sports betting has gone from a personal relationship with a bookie to platforms like FanDuel. "The final stage is the algorithmic execution phase," he said. Already, the smartest Novig users are sanding away the easiest returns. Novig, which pulls in odds from different sportsbooks, has seen arbitrages between different sportsbooks' odds disappear after a few seconds now. Two years ago, it was several minutees, Ukah said. "Everyone is much tighter," Ukah said. Dmochowski predicts an "algorithm arms race" between traders and sportsbooks to find "the optimal price." There's demand from Novig users for the exchange to release software that would allow traders to program a bot to trade for them. Ukah said there's no timeline at the moment to release this, but said the portion of the gambling market growing the quickest is from institutions. "It's an uncorrelated, high-volatility asset class," Ukah said. In other words, exactly what trading shops are looking for. Correction: October 29, 2024 — An earlier version of this story misspelled the surname of a famed horse-racing gambler. It's Benter, not Bentley.

Sports betting is the next frontier for Wall Street's smartest quants to conquer 

Prime Minister <keyword id="19895781" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="narendra-modi" source="keywords">Narendra Modi</keyword> urged CEOs of US majors to take advantage of India's growth story as the country is making all efforts to become the third largest economy of the world in his third term. India is currently the fifth largest economy of the world after the US, China, Germany and Japan with a GDP of around USD 3.9 trillion. India has been the fastest growing large economies of the world with GDP growth rate of over 7 per cent for the last three consecutive years. Addressing CEOs of the large US tech firms on Sunday, Modi said India will make every effort to become the third largest economy in the world in his third term (2024-29). Companies should take advantage of India's growth story for collaboration and innovation by co-developing, co-designing, and co-producing in India for the world, harnessing the opportunities from the country's economic and technological growth, he said. Assuring the business leaders of India's deep commitment to the protection of intellectual property and to fostering tech innovation, Modi highlighted the economic transformation happening in the country, particularly in electronics and information technology manufacturing and semiconductors. Modi asserted that his government was committed to making India a "global hub of <keyword id="20073013" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="semiconductor-manufacturing" source="keywords">semiconductor manufacturing</keyword>". The meeting took place at the Lotte <keyword id="19904497" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="New-York" source="keywords">New York</keyword> Palace Hotel on Sunday during the second leg of Modi's three-day US visit. It saw the participation of CEOs of 15 major US-based firms working on cutting-edge technologies such as AI, quantum computing and semiconductors. "Had a fruitful roundtable with tech CEOs in New York, discussing aspects relating to technology, innovation and more. Also highlighted the strides made by India in this field. I am glad to see immense optimism towards India," Modi said in a post on X. During the conference, Modi said technology collaboration and efforts such as the Initiative on Critical and Emerging Technologies (ICET) lie at the core of the India-US Comprehensive Global Strategic Partnership, according to a Ministry of External Affairs press release. Organised by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) School of Engineering, the CEOs of top US tech firms, including Google CEO Sundar Pichai, Adobe CEO Shantanu Narayena, Accenture CEO Julie Sweet and NVIDIA CEO Jensen Huang attended the meeting. Others who participated in the roundtable included AMD CEO Lisa Su, HP Inc. CEO Enrique Lores, IBM CEO Arvind Krishna, Dr Noubar Afeyan, Chairman of Moderna, and Verizon CEO Hans Vestberg. Modi also talked about India's BIO E3 (biotechnology for environment, economy and employment) policy to develop the country into a biotech powerhouse and on the topic of AI, noted that India's policy is to promote AI for all, underpinned by its ethical and responsible use. The CEOs appreciated India's growing prominence as a global technology hub, driven by its innovation-friendly policies and flourishing market opportunities. They also expressed strong interest in investing and collaborating with India, agreeing that investing in startups would be a synergistic opportunity to innovate and develop newer technologies in the country. Others who attended the conference included Biogen Inc CEO Chris Viehbacher, CEO of Bristol Myers Squibb, Chris Boerner, Eli Lilly and Company CEO David A. Ricks, LAM Research CEO Tim Archer, GlobalFoundries CEO Thomas Caulfield, and the CEO of Kyndryl, Martin Schroeter. "Further cementing technology and business connect. PM @narendramodi interacted with the top tech leaders and CEOs of USA, in a Roundtable hosted by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Engineering, in New York today. PM emphasised India's growth prospects and discussed initiatives to foster collaborations and innovation across diverse sectors," the official account of the MEA said in a post on X. The prime minister had a separate meeting with Krishna P Singh, CEO of Holtec International, which is into nuclear and solar power generation. They discussed Holtec's plan for expanding manufacturing in India and advancing energy cooperation, PMO India said in a post on X. Earlier on Sunday, Modi addressed the <keyword id="20115166" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Indian-diaspora" source="keywords">Indian diaspora</keyword> at the packed Nassau Veterans Coliseum on Long Island in New York. He also held bilateral meetings with world leaders at the sidelines of the UN General Assembly session here. Modi reached New York on Saturday after attending the Quad Leaders' Summit hosted by President Joe Biden in Wilmington, Delaware. <div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="113516805" title="Why is Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi visiting the US this weekend?" mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div>

PM Modi invites US CEOs to take a 'byte' out of India's growing technology sector

This article is part of "<a target="_blank" rel="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-5g-wireless-technology-shaping-our-world-2023-7">5G and Connectivity Playbook</a>," a series exploring some of our time's most important tech innovations.Before the eruption of Vesuvius in AD 79, a building near one of Pompeii's south gates was a bustling hub. Artisans crafted baskets and maps, and the structure's communal space was home to gatherings and restaurants. The people who worked in the building — some of whom were enslaved — likely lived there."We've got a lot of businesses operating in the same space," Allison Emmerson, an archeologist and associate professor at Tulane University, told Business Insider. "While we're digging this up, we're thinking about the lives of the lower classes of Pompeii — not just at the time of the eruption but throughout the city's history."Emmerson leads the multidisciplinary, international team excavating this building. She's the director of the <a target="_blank" href="https://sites.google.com/view/tulaneatpompeii">Pompeii I.14 Project</a>, a collaboration between the Archaeological Park of Pompeii, Tulane University, Oxford University, and Indiana State University that started in 2021. The project's focus is a city block, Insula 14, on the southeastern side of Pompeii. Its researchers are interested in the margins of the Roman city: both its literal physical edge and the marginalized residents who lived there.The Pompeii I.14 Project is one of a growing number of archeological endeavors using interconnected technology to better understand and preserve the past. While <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/giza-great-pyramid-tomb-ground-penetrating-radar-great-western-cemetery-2024-5">technology</a> has always been an essential part of the field, how archeologists collect, record, and analyze findings has advanced as tech has progressed.One way researchers are applying these innovative tools is by creating a digital twin: a detailed virtual counterpart of a real-life entity. People in various trades, including <a target="_blank" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2022-04-05/digital-twins-mark-cities-first-foray-into-the-metaverse">city planning</a> and <a target="_blank" href="https://www.iotworldtoday.com/transportation-logistics/bmw-dassault-team-to-add-digital-twins-for-car-design">car design</a>, are increasingly using digital twins. While the process of creating digital twins can differ, these computerized 3D replicas can give researchers a more dynamic look at what they're studying, enable greater <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/antikythera-mechanism-mystery-gravitational-waves-calendar-2024-7">collaboration</a>, and facilitate a remarkable level of preservation.<h2>Building a digital twin</h2>The <a target="_blank" href="https://sites.google.com/view/tulaneatpompeii/interactive-multimedia?authuser=0">Pompeii digital twin</a>, which combines geospatial technology with a rich repository of data collected at the site, lets researchers examine the area from their universities, collaborate remotely with other researchers, and visualize how it has changed over time."Having the digital twin makes it an entirely new ball game," Emmerson said. "It really allows us to go back as if we're in the excavation."Alex Badillo, an assistant professor at Indiana State University, is the Pompeii project's head of digital data initiatives. Before the excavation, Badillo and the other members of the digital team used drone imagery, <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/bronze-age-lost-tomb-ireland-rediscovered-photogrammetry-2024-1">photos</a>, and structure-from-motion photogrammetry — a technique for turning 2D images into 3D models — to create a scaled and georeferenced replica of the Pompeii city block.<div type="image" title="A digital 3D replica of a square city block with buildings, grass, and wall structures" height="1198" width="1940" msid="112410473" hostid="261" sizebytes="93486"></div>Over time, the information gathered by the archeological team working at the site has made this model more detailed and dynamic. This data is what transforms the 3D model into a digital twin: The design changes based on what the team learns through excavation. Unlike static 3D models, <a target="_blank" href="https://amses-journal.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40323-020-00147-4">digital twins</a> include an evolving set of data and the means to update and adjust the model based on new information.To get this information, Badillo implemented a digital workflow at the dig site. The Pompeii site team used iPad Pro tablets to record data, take photos, 3D scan, and digitally sketch their findings. That information is saved in custom digital forms on the iPad and sent to cloud storage when the researcher has access to WiFi or a cell network. From there, it's added to an online dashboard used by the entire team."If someone is digging in the trench and they're wondering what was analyzed from the deposit yesterday, they can go to the iPad they have in the field and pull up all of that information," Emmerson said.Badillo told BI that the information gathered on the iPad — data like structure measurements, soil characteristics, and artifacts found — is added to the 3D model. Together, these components make the digital twin, which archeologists can use to revisit, explore, and analyze the site. After the 3D model is complete, Badillo and his team will continue this workflow at the next dig."You can move through the web scene, and if forms have been filled out for that location, you can click to get extremely detailed information," Badillo said. "Being able to look level by level, make measurements — it's all been a game changer."<h2>Benefits of digital twins</h2>One of the major advantages of digital twins is the ability to examine site elements exactly as they appeared during the initial excavation.Giles Spence Morrow, a research fellow at Vanderbilt University and an assistant professor at McMaster University, began a digital-twin project in 2011 focused on Huaca Colorada, a ceremonial mound built and occupied between AD 650 and 1,000 in Peru.Like Badillo, Morrow uses photogrammetry to create the site's digital twin. "The availability of these models allows us to revisit particular moments in time throughout the excavation, either through the screen of our computers or more recently through immersive virtual-reality and <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/google-augmented-reality-reset-xr-glasses-android-qualcomm-2024-7">augmented-reality</a> interfaces," he said.<div type="image" title="An interactive 3D model of a ceremonial mound with two human figures standing on the site" height="1734" width="2536" msid="112410475" hostid="261" sizebytes="182020"></div>Morrow <a target="_blank" href="https://riunet.upv.es/bitstream/handle/10251/202255/SpenceWernke%20-%20Thinking%20through%20the%20tool%20collaborative%20archaeological%20bodywork%20in%20immersive%20virtu....pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y">collaborates</a> with Steven Wernke, an associate professor at Vanderbilt University, on digital-twin technology. Wernke's research is also based in Peru and centers on Mawchu Llacta, an Andean colonial town built in the 1570s. Wernke has also combined 3D imagery with archeological information gathered at his research site to make a digital twin.Through their collaboration, Morrow and Wernke are investigating how digital twins can be augmented through immersive virtual reality. Morrow said they used VR headsets to view their digital twins from a first-person perspective, something that's possible only with strong <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/5g-advanced-standalone-6g-qualcomm-huawei-mwc-2024-3">internet connectivity</a>.Wernke said that exploring digital twins through virtual reality was "as close as we can come to reproducing the feeling or experience" of being at their field sites. When Morrow and Wernke use VR headsets to examine their digital twins, they can leave notes, markups, and maps within the VR scene."The value of this kind of detailed 3D, immersive documentation is hard to overstate, because excavation is an inherently destructive process," Morrow said.The unavoidable destruction of an excavation site is partly why Jamie Hodgkins, an associate professor at the University of Colorado, Denver, and her team were interested in creating a digital twin of a burial site within an Italian cave. They <a target="_blank" href="https://today.ucsd.edu/story/uc-san-diego-researchers-take-a-digital-snapshot-of-an-ancient-infant-burial-site">digitally re-created</a> the oldest documented European burial of an infant female, a child who died nearly 10,000 years ago. The interactive 3D model preserves the burial as they found it.The team took dozens of photos of each delicate skeleton piece as it was discovered. "By the end, we had thousands of images of all the skeleton pieces," Caley Orr, an associate professor at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus who coauthored the study, told BI."This let us reconstruct the burial digitally and see in 3D how it was laid out underground," Orr said. "But we never saw it that way in real life because it revealed itself as we went through each layer of dirt."<h2>Expanding the field</h2>Hodgkins told BI that digital twins could become more common in archeology. While they're valuable to working archeologists now, she said that part of what makes them so useful is how they could benefit the field over time.Hodgkins said past archeological research lacked documentation of spatial relationships between <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/photos-archaeological-mysteries-ancient-artifacts-hikers-discoveries-melting-glaciers-alps-2024-7">artifacts</a>. Without that information, she added, it can be difficult to understand how artifacts, remains, and other discoveries relate to each other.Digital twins could help bridge this gap and give researchers a way to look at field sites just as they found them. "You can never put an artifact back," Hodgkins said. "But if an archeologist 50 years from now wants to ask a question that we didn't think of, they can look at what we have, see the excavation as it was happening, and consider these spatial relationships."Hodgkins is also part of a multiproject, transcontinental <a target="_blank" href="https://jamiehodgkins.wixsite.com/mysite/homer">research consortium</a> that aims to teach students how to collect site data to create digital twins. She said that if more people knew this technique, sites could be compared globally."What we want is to train future archeologists," Hodgkins said. "We won't really understand how humans were <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ancient-stone-tools-first-humans-north-america-2024-5">moving across the planet</a>, how they were interacting with each other, and how the environment was affecting them unless we can compare data across sites.""Digital twins can help us answer the big questions," she added. "But you can't create them if you don't collect the right kind of data."

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