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<ul><li><keyword id="414120" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Chandrayaan-2">Chandrayaan 2</keyword>'s lander, Vikram, will attempt to soft land on the Moon at 1:30am.</li><li>During the descent, the orbiter and the lander will click a picture of each other. </li><li>These are all the pictures that Chandrayaan 2 has clicked in space so far.</li></ul>Chandrayaan 2 is going to <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/where-and-how-to-watch-chandrayaan-2s-moon-landing-live-tonight/articleshow/71005746.cms">attempt a soft landing</a> on the near the Moon's South pole making this the southernmost landing ever on the lunar surface. As the <keyword id="116095" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Indian-Space-Research-Organisation">Indian Space Research Organisation</keyword>'s (ISRO) lander, Vikram, descends onto the flat plains between the Manzimus C and Simplelius N craters, the lander and orbiter will take pictures of each other. The first images that Chandrayaan 2's camera captured of Earth The LI4 camera on Vikram, the lander, sent this picture back to ISRO on 3 August 2019 after launching from the Satish Dhawan Space Center in Sriharikota. The images show Central America, the top edge of South America, Mexico, the Gulf of Mexico and southern United States. 
	
 
 
 <div type="image" title="moon1_edited" msid="71015108" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;An image of Central America, the Gulf of Mexico, and much of the United States with Florida in the bottom right corner.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>








 
 
 
 <div type="image" title="moon2_edited" msid="71015136" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;An image of Mexico, Central America and western United States.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>







 
 
 
 <div type="image" title="moon 3_edited" msid="71015161" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;As Chandrayaan 2 gets further away, the camera&amp;#8217;s focus shifts to the Pacific Ocean.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>







 
 
 
 <div type="image" title="moon4_edited" msid="71015186" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;An image of the Pacific Ocean.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>







 
 
 
 <div type="image" title="moon5_edited" msid="71015213" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;An image of the Pacific Ocean near the equator.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>







 The first images that Chandrayaan 2's camera captured of the Moon The first image that <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-is-not-just-looking-for-water-on-the-moon/articleshow/70974829.cms">Chandrayaan 2</a> sent back on 21 August 2019 shows the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-is-not-just-looking-for-water-on-the-moon/articleshow/70974829.cms">Mare Orientale basin and the Apollo crater</a> on the Moon. They're considered to be important landmarks on the lunar surface. 
 
 
 <div type="image" title="moon6_edited" msid="71015245" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;First image that Vikram, Chandrayaan 2&amp;#39;s lander, clicked of the Moon.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>







 The second image shows the Moon's North Pole taken from 4,275 kilometers up in space. This is the first picture shared by ISRO taken using the Terrain Mapping Camera-2 (TMC-2). In comparison to the lunar south pole, the north pole has a lot less craters. 
 
 
 <div type="image" title="moon7_edited" msid="71015268" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;An image of the Moon&amp;#39;s North Pole.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>







 TMC-2 also send back pictures of Sommerfeld and Kirkwood craters near the lunar north pole. Sommerfeld is around 169 kilometers in diameter and Kirkwood measures 68 kilometers. 
 
 
 <div type="image" title="moon8_edited" msid="71015285" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Sommerfled and Kirkwood craters on the far side of the Moon.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>







 On 23 August 2019, TMC-2 captured a picture of the Jackson, Mach, Mitra and Korolev craters. It also attached a close up of the Jackson crater. Korolev is a massive crater that around 437 kilometers wide and contains several different craters within its perimeter. The Mitra crater, around 92 kilometers in diameter, is named after an Indian physicist and Padma Bushan recipient — Sisir Kumar Mitra. He's known as a pioneer in the field of ionosphere and radio physics in India. 
 
 
 <div type="image" title="moon9_edited" msid="71015313" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;An image of the Mitra crater named after an Indian scientist and a close of the Jackson crater&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>







 The first images were taken using the Nadir sensor but the last one was captured using the AFT sensor. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/why-chandrayaan-2-will-take-7-weeks-to-reach-moon/articleshow/70346159.cms">Here's why it's going to take 7 weeks for Chandrayaan 2 to reach the Moon</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-could-find-a-lot-of-water-on-the-moon/articleshow/70356422.cms">Chandrayaan 2 is on its way to find water on the Moon — and looks like there could be lots of it</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-why-indias-isro-is-going-to-the-moon/articleshow/69893150.cms">Chandrayaan 2 will give India bragging rights even if it doesn't find water</a>

IN PICS: All pictures clicked by Chandrayaan 2's lander — Vikram

<ul><li>India’s <keyword id="414120" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Chandrayaan-2">Chandrayaan 2</keyword> will be attempting to soft on the Moon’s South between 1:30am and 2:30am on 7 September 2019. </li><li>Former Indian Space Research Organisation Chairman Madhavan Nair thinks this is the most complex mission that ISRO has ever attempted. </li><li>Nair led the team at ISRO during India’s first mission to the Moon, Chandrayaan 1. </li></ul>Chandrayaan-2 mission is all set to soft-land on the moon’s surface between 01:30 and 02:30 am on Saturday, 7 September 2019. While the whole world eagerly awaits to see this historic event, G Madhavan Nair, the former chairman of ISRO says Chandrayaan-2 is the most complex mission that ISRO has ever attempted. The man behind Chandrayaan 1 Most notably, Nair had fronted the Chandrayaan-1 mission about a decade back when he was the chairman of ISRO. Commenting on the successful step of separating ‘Vikram’, the lander from the orbiter Chandrayaan-2 on Monday, Madhavan Nair said it was a phenomenal achievement. He added that from now onwards, the rest of the mission ahead of us leading to soft-landing on the moon is even more a tougher job. Nair said, "We are one step closer to having us soft-land on the lunar surface and so far so good; all the mission sequences have gone off well, computation, as well as planning, have worked well and now the lander is in elliptical orbit". Chandrayaan 2 mission gets tough From this point, the rest of the mission to be accomplished is indeed a tougher one, says Madhavan Nair. There are onboard cameras mapping the moon’s terrain and forwarding the pictures to the ISRO’s center. The scientists have to carefully select the right location suitable for the successful soft-landing of Vikram. Saying that this is going to be a highly challenging job in an interview to the press, the former chairman added, "It's a very, very complex operation. I don't think any nation has done a similar operation trying to have real-time pictures and then try to have an on-board computer implement autonomously the function of the landing. It's going to be a remarkable event and we are all looking forward to that event. I am sure it will be a 100% success". Soft landing on the Moon Describing the process of soft-landing on the moon’s surface in an interesting way, Nair said, it is comparable to something like a flying saucer hovering over the surface and then slowly descending as we come across in a science fiction. ISRO will be implementing almost a sequence similar to this with virtually no real-time controls on the ground. Giving the technical details of the soft-landing anticipated, Madhavan Nair said, "...Only on-board cameras would look for the right location and once it matches, there are five rocket engines which will precisely control by first reducing the speed and then making it virtually float at that point and have some lateral movement in such a way that it goes just to the location, slowly guide it to the landing site". To accomplish the mission successfully, different factors including the laser ranging systems, the software governing the entire operation and the onboard computers have to work in perfect coordination. If everything goes well and when ISRO succeeds in soft-landing on the moon, India’s image will receive a boost in the international arena and proclaim to the whole world how a developing nation has perfected the native space technologies the country has developed. Madhavan Nair concluded, “It will also drive home the message that Indian talent is second to none”, and "if given a vision and direction, ISRO can do it" See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-is-not-just-looking-for-water-on-the-moon/articleshow/70974829.cms">Chandrayaan 2 is not just looking for water on the moon</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chinas-lunar-rover-does-what-indias-chandrayaan-2-is-hoping-to-do-on-the-moons-south-pole/articleshow/70942638.cms">China’s lunar rover does what India’s Chandrayaan 2 is hoping to do on the Moon’s South Pole</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-why-indias-isro-is-going-to-the-moon/articleshow/69893150.cms">Chandrayaan 2 will give India bragging rights even if it doesn’t find water</a>

The man behind Chandrayaan 1 thinks India's second mission to the moon is the 'most complex' ever

<ul><li>An Indian techie, Shanmuga Subramanian helped <keyword id="6360409" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Nasa">NASA</keyword> spot Vikram Lander on Moon’s surface. </li><li>He scoured the pictures taken by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC), NASA and Arizona State University announced on Monday confirming the find. </li><li>In September, ISRO lost contact with the lander when it was attempting to soft-land near the moon’s South Pole. </li></ul>Meet Shanmuga Subramanian, 33, who is now being hailed a ‘tech wizard’ for helping NASA find the debris of Vikram Lander on the moon. He scoured the pictures taken by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC), NASA and Arizona State University announced on <a href="http://businessinsider.in/science/space/news/nasa-finds-isros-chandrayaan-2-vikram-lander-crash-site/articleshow/72341436.cms">Monday confirming the find</a>. “I didn’t use any tools, only used my laptop to scan images,” said Subramanian who claimed to be a ‘big fan of ISRO’. He also told in a television interview that he never missed an ISRO launch. In September, ISRO lost contact with the lander when it was attempting to soft-land near the moon’s South Pole. "Subramanian contacted the LRO project with positive identification of debris. After receiving this tip, the LROC team confirmed the identification by comparing-- before and after images," said NASA in a statement. “I hope this inspires a lot of amateur space enthusiasts. I found one piece of the Vikram lander and based on that NASA found the other parts. I hope ISRO will have a successful Chandrayaan 3,” said Subramanian while speaking on a TV channel. Today, the US space agency officially tweeted an image of the debris that was spotted on the moon’s surface. 
	
	<div type="twitter" handle="NASA" handlename="NASA" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1091070803184177153/TI2qItoi_normal.jpg" favoritecount="7906" retweetcount="3130" status="The #Chandrayaan2 Vikram lander has been found by our @NASAMoon mission, the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. See the… https://t.co/niHBT1STV2" createdat="1575318157000" id="1201597561720725506"></div>





 Just three hours after NASA’s Tweet, Subramanian identified himself on Twitter and spelt out the details. As expected, it went viral. And India’s most social media friendly industrialist <keyword id="46425" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Anand-Mahindra">Anand Mahindra</keyword> shared the viral tweet and engaged in a banter with a person trying to discredit him. 
	
	<div type="twitter" handle="Ramanean" handlename="Shan" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/822653796950167552/6RNnZRVf_normal.jpg" favoritecount="10209" retweetcount="3913" status="@NASA has credited me for finding Vikram Lander on Moon's surface #VikramLander #Chandrayaan2 @timesofindia… https://t.co/NJPPTr4aBP" createdat="1575327690000" id="1201637543394983936"></div>




 Subramanian also shared a screenshot from the mail he received from Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Mission (LROC), saying that he will be given due credit for his findings. “The debris first located by Shanmuga is about 750 meters northwest of the main crash site and was a single bright pixel identification in that first mosaic (1.3 meter pixels, 84° incidence angle). The November mosaic shows best the impact crater, ray and extensive debris field. The three largest pieces of debris are each about 2x2 pixels and cast a one pixel shadow,” wrote NASA. 
	
	<div type="twitter" handle="Ramanean" handlename="Shan" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/822653796950167552/6RNnZRVf_normal.jpg" favoritecount="430" retweetcount="140" status="@LRO_NASA @NASA @isro @NASA @LRO_NASA @isro This might be Vikram lander's crash site (Lat:-70.8552 Lon:21.71233 )… https://t.co/rJ3NixMmqy" createdat="1574001967000" id="1196077057928622080"></div>





 The American space agency’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LRCO) tried to locate Vikram earlier in September as well but the light conditions were too harsh for an accurate image. 
 
 <div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="72341436" title="Space enthusiast helps NASA locate Vikram lander's crash site on the moon" mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div>

Meet the 33-year-old Chennai techie who spotted Vikram Lander on Moon’s surface and alerted NASA

<ul><li>Officials at the <keyword id="116095" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Indian-Space-Research-Organisation">Indian Space Research Organisation</keyword> claim that Chandrayaan 2's lunar lander, Vikram, is still intact — but it's tilted.</li><li>ISRO has 14 days to re-establish contact with the lander before the lunar night sets in. </li><li>ISRO chairman K Sivan stated, "It was a hard landing."</li></ul>The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has spotted Chandrayaan 2's lunar lander on the Moon. It is located about 500 meters away from the designated landing site. But, rather than landing in an upright position, the lander is 'tilted', according to the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/pictures-of-moon-and-earth-by-chandrayaan-2-lander-and-orbiter/articleshow/71015068.cms">image captured</a> by the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2s-orbiter-has-seven-and-a-half-years-to-scan-the-surface-of-the-moon/articleshow/71027327.cms">orbiter</a>'s Terrain Mapping Camera-2 (<a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/Indias-second-mission-to-the-moon-will-use-these-14-high-tech-instruments-to-look-for-water/Terrain-Mapping-Camera-2-TMC-2/slideshow/69868222.cms">TMC-2</a>). "The lander is there as a single piece, not broken into pieces. It's in a tilted position," an official from ISRO told <a href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/isro-not-losing-hope-continues-to-make-all-out-efforts-to-restore-link-with-lander-vikram/articleshow/71045854.cms">PTI</a>. Can't move the lander With other spacecrafts, it's possible to reorient them. Vikram, on the other hand, has <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/moon-landing-drama-play-by-play-of-isro-losing-communication-with-chandrayaan-2s-lander/articleshow/71018307.cms">already landed</a> and there's no way to get it back off the ground. "It must have been a hard landing," <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2s-lander-vikram-found-on-the-moon-but-isro-suspects-hard-landing/articleshow/71035718.cms">ISRO Chairman K Sivan</a> told reporters on Sunday. But ISRO isn't ruling out the possibility of <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-fails-in-the-final-seconds-of-descent-to-moons-south-pole/articleshow/71018196.cms">establishing communications</a> with Vikram. They just need the antennas onboard the lander to either point towards the ground station or the orbiter in order to send or receive signals. "Such operation is extremely difficult. At the same time, chances are good and we will have to keep our fingers crossed," stated the ISRO official. On a 14 day deadline ISRO has 14 days to re-establish contact with <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/everything-you-need-to-know-about-vikram-chandrayaan-2s-lander-as-it-lands-on-the-moon/articleshow/71008396.cms">Vikram</a> before the lunar night sets in for another 14 days. The longer they wait, the higher the probability of losing Vikram altogether. The reason being that Vikram is primarily powered using solar panels. Without the sun to generate energy, the lander won't be able to operate. Vikram has internal batteries as well, but they're reportedly "not used much". The lander being knocked out also bears bad news for its payloads and the rover, Pragyaan, which is currently boxed up inside Vikram. Pragyaan can only exclusively send signals to the lander, which has the capability to relay information back to Earth. Hence, loss of communication with the lander automatically implies loss of communication with Pragyaan. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/everything-you-need-to-know-about-vikram-chandrayaan-2s-lander-as-it-lands-on-the-moon/articleshow/71008396.cms">Everything you need to know about Vikram, Chandrayaan 2's lander, as it lands on the Moon</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/pictures-of-moon-and-earth-by-chandrayaan-2-lander-and-orbiter/articleshow/71015068.cms">IN PICS: All pictures clicked by Chandrayaan 2's lander — Vikram</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2s-lander-vikram-found-on-the-moon-but-isro-suspects-hard-landing/articleshow/71035718.cms">Chandrayaan 2 definitely reached the Moon but might have 'hard' news in store</a>

ISRO has 14 days to contact Chandrayaan 2's 'tilted' but intact lander

<div class="KonaFilter image-container"><div class="image on-image"></div></div>
The first photo of Mars from India's Mangalyaan spacecraft <a href="https://www.facebook.com/isromom">was posted to Facebook on Thursday by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO)</a>. 
Check out the view in the photo above from a height of 4,000 miles.
The image is, well, kind of meh <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/curiosity-rover-drilling-on-mars-2014-5">compared to something like what we've seen from NASA's Curiosity rover</a>, but it's still impressive, especially <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/how-india-made-their-mars-orbiter-cheap-2014-9">considering the satellite's bargain price and the limited resources available to India's space program</a>. 
India was able to build the craft on the cheap by modeling it using computer software instead of constructing physical prototypes. The $74 million project was relatively inexpensive by space standards. <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/things-that-cost-more-than-indias-mars-mission-2014-9">It even cost less than the most expensive flat ever sold in London or the budget for the film "Gravity."</a>
An ISRO official told the AFP that <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/afp-indias-spacecraft-beams-back-first-mars-photos-2014-9">"spacecraft is working well"</a> and has already beamed back several pictures. 
The Mangalyaan probe entered Mars' orbit on Wednesday, making India the first Asian country to successfully reach the red planet.

India's Cheap Mars Spacecraft Just Sent Back Its Very First Photo

The <keyword id="6625456" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Mars-Orbiter-Mission">Mars Orbiter Mission</keyword> (MOM), the <keyword id="116095" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Indian-Space-Research-Organisation">Indian Space Research Organisation</keyword>’s (ISRO’s) first interplanetary mission, <a href="https://www.isro.gov.in/update/24-sep-2018/mars-orbiter-mission-mom-completes-4-years-its-orbit" data-type="tilCustomLink">completed 4 years</a> on Monday. This mission made <keyword id="3658" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="India">India</keyword> the first country to enter the red planet’s orbit on its first attempt as well as the first Asian country to have sent a spacecraft into <keyword id="47638" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Mars">Mars</keyword>’ orbit. <div type="Youtube" id="p6iSYiSQUF8" title="India's Mars Orbiter Mission completes 4 years" thumbUrl="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/p6iSYiSQUF8/mqdefault.jpg"></div>

 To mark the occasion, ISRO shared some pictures from the <keyword id="1927478" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Mars-Colour-Camera">Mars Colour Camera</keyword> (MCC) on board the Mars Orbiter Spacecraft (MOS). In order to fulfil its mission of collecting data to study the Martian atmosphere and observe the red planet's physical features, the MOS also carries a thermal infrared imaging spectrometer, methane sensor for Mars, Mars exospheric neutral composition analyser and a Lyman Alpha photometer. Here are some of the images that have been captured so far:

Mars Orbiter Mission completes 4 years: In pictures

<ul><li>India will be launching its earth imaging satellite, Cartosat-3, tomorrow morning from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota.</li><li>The launch will include 13 other nanosatellites from the US aboard the PSLV XL rocket.</li><li>The Cartosat-3 satellite is an upgrade to India’s Cartosat-2 ‘eye in the sky’ satellites.</li></ul>India is all set to launch its third generation ‘eye in the sky’ Cartosat-3, from the Satish Dhawan Space Center in Sriharikota tomorrow. The Indian Space Research Organisation (<a href="https://www.isro.gov.in/pslv-c47-cartosat-3-mission/launch-kit-glance">ISRO</a>) will be using its trusted workhorse, the PSLV XL rocket, to place the satellite in Low Earth Orbit (LEO). Deemed PSLV-C47, it will be the PSLV’s 49th flight and the XL variant’s 21st launch. According to the agency, the satellite’s main use will be addressing the demands of urban planning, rural resources, coastal land use and monitoring land cover. Since the <keyword id="3703841" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Cartosat-satellites">Cartosat satellites</keyword> are capable of providing high resolution pictures, they serve a dual purpose. They can also be used to defend India’s borders. Upgraded surveillance In September 2016, the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/ISRO-to-launch-12-18-satellites-per-year/articleshow/52867943.cms">Cartosat-2C</a> helped Indian Army soldiers conduct <a href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Surgical-Strikes-First-major-use-of-Cartosat-images-for-Army/articleshow/54596113.cms">surgical strikes</a> along the line of control (LoC) by <a href="https://asiancorrespondent.com/2016/09/reports-india-used-eye-sky-destroy-terror-targets-pakistan/">providing</a> ‘Area of Interest’ (AOI) based images. That satellite could provide images that were 0.65 meters in resolution. The Cartosat-3 satellite, on the other hand, is supposed to be even more accurate with a resolution of 0.25 meters. It will also have adaptive optics, acousto optical devices, in-orbit focusing using micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) and large area-light weight mirrors. ISRO expects Cartosat-3 to orbit the Earth for the next five years from 509 kilometers in space. You can watch the launch live on <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ytPpAl0NCHQ&amp;feature=youtu.be">YouTube</a>, <a href="https://www.facebook.com/ISRO">Facebook</a>, <a href="https://twitter.com/isro">Twitter</a> or on the official <a href="https://www.isro.gov.in/watch-live-launch-of-pslv-c47-cartosat-3-0900-hrs-ist-onwards">ISRO</a> website. <div type="Youtube" id="ytPpAl0NCHQ" title="Watch Live: Launch of Cartosat-3 and 13 USA’s Nanosatellite by PSLV-C47" thumbUrl="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/ytPpAl0NCHQ/mqdefault_live.jpg"></div>

 See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/isro-plans-deep-sea-exploration-with-manned-submersible-by-2022/articleshow/71887408.cms">After reaching the moon, ISRO plans to dive 6,000 meters deep into the sea by 2022</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india-space-station-plan-by-isro-plans-k-sivan/articleshow/69775780.cms">India wants to set up its own space station to carry out experiments in microgravity</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/isro-nasa-just-spotted-a-black-hole-spinning-so-fast-that-it-could-be-making-space-itself-rotate/articleshow/66416605.cms">ISRO, NASA just spotted a black hole spinning so fast that it could be making space itself rotate</a>

Here’s what’s special about India’s Cartosat-3 launch tomorrow

(PSLV C31 taking off. Photo source: <keyword id="6358064" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="isro">ISRO</keyword>) <ul><li>The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is planning to launch over 30 satellites on Thursday using the PSLV C43 rocket. </li><li>The rocket’s payload will also include ISRO’s <keyword id="2059663" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Hyperspectral-imaging">Hyperspectral Imaging</keyword> Satellite (HySIS) capable of identifying 55 spectral bands from 630 kms above ground. </li><li>The agency plans on applying this technology to various geological environments like agriculture, coastal zones and soil quality.</li></ul>The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) will <a href="https://deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/241118/nellore-hyperspectral-imaging-satellite-to-be-launched-on-november-29.html">launch</a> its Hyperspectral Imaging Satellite (HySIS) along with 30 other foreign <keyword id="7066763" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="commercial-satellites">commercial satellites</keyword> on Thursday from the Sriharikota launch centre using the PSLV C43 rocket. The new satellite is a big leap from the time when satellites could only capture general outlines of countries and detect weather patterns. Hyperspectral imaging — also called <keyword id="7022239" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Imaging-spectroscopy">imaging spectroscopy</keyword> or <keyword id="7066764" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="hypex-imaging">hypex imaging</keyword> — <a href="https://www.isro.gov.in/isro-develops-optical-imaging-detector-array-hyperspectral-imaging-applications">enables</a> satellites to distinctly identify objects from outer space. 
	
	
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 This trend in Earth observation allows for a high level of differentiation that’s a huge improvement over the normal optical images used in conventional satellites. Experts in earth observation have <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/isro-to-develop-full-fledged-earth-observation-satellite/article19458651.ece">called</a> the technology the ‘CATSCAN’ of Earth from space. The agency plans on using this technology to help with agriculture, soil quality, coastal zones, and inland waters among other geological environments. It’s all about the chip Hyperspectral imaging has been around for a while but each country has its own take on how to implement it. In <keyword id="3658" type="COUNTRY" weightage="20" keywordseo="India">India</keyword>’s case, the crux of hypex imaging lies in an optical imaging detector chip <a href="https://www.isro.gov.in/isro-develops-optical-imaging-detector-array-hyperspectral-imaging-applications">developed</a> by the Space Applications Centre (SAC) and manufactured by Semi Conductor Limited (SCL). The chip is capable of capturing images that can read upto 1,000 x 66 pixels. 
	
 
 <div type="image" title="fig.-2_chip-on-board" msid="66811441" hostid="261"></div>







(Chip on board. Photo source: ISRO) Hyperspectral imaging consists of much narrower bands as compared to multispectral imagery. Narrower measurement of wavelengths translates into more detailed imaging. Even in terms of scope, the former can identify 55 different spectral bands while the latter is only capable of capturing a maximum of 10 bands. India has already experimented with imaging spectroscopy when it launched the Chandrayaan-1, which had a hyperspectral camera on board to help map out the mineral resources available on the moon. The chairman of ISRO, K Sivan, told the <a href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/isro-to-launch-hyperspectral-imaging-sat-with-30-foreign-satellites-on-nov-29/articleshow/66801810.cms">Times of India</a>, “We are going to launch HySIS at 9.59 am on November 29 from Sriharkota. Over 30 foreign satellites, including nano and mini satellites, will also be launch.” See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india-successfully-launches-communication-satellite-gsat-29-using-its-heaviest-rocket/articleshow/66623518.cms">India successfully launches communication satellite GSAT-29 using its heaviest rocket</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/russia-to-help-india-with-its-first-manned-space-mission-may-train-astronauts-abroad-the-iss/articleshow/66086890.cms">Russia to help India with its first manned space mission, may train astronauts abroad the ISS</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/mars-orbiter-mission-completes-4-years-in-pictures/articleshow/65972664.cms">Mars Orbiter Mission completes 4 years: In pictures</a>

India’s space agency is planning a massive launch of over 30 satellites this week, including one capable of ‘hyperspectral’ imaging

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><a href="http://pictures.reuters.com/C.aspx?VP3=SearchResult&amp;VBID=2C0BXZVBC4KGE&amp;SMLS=1&amp;RW=1698&amp;RH=863#/SearchResult&amp;VBID=2C0BXZVBC4KGE&amp;SMLS=1&amp;RW=1698&amp;RH=863&amp;POPUPPN=2&amp;POPUPIID=2C0408WDQX7DO">REUTERS/Abhishek N. Chinnappa</a>Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) scientists and engineers cheer in Bangalore after India's Mars orbiter successfully entered the Martian orbit on September 24, 2014.</div></div></div><ul><li>India wants to put a rover on the moon in 2018.</li><li>The last time any country landed successfully on the moon was in 2013, when China sent its 'Yutu' rover for a monthlong walk there. </li><li>The US is still the only country that has put people on the moon. The last "man on the moon," NASA astronaut Gene Cernan, touched down there in 1972. </li></ul> The last time any country put boots or, rather, little metal feet, on the moon was in 2013, when China landed its Yutu rover there.Before that, you'd have to look back to the 1970s to find anything built by Earthlings that camped out on the surface of the Moon. But in 2018, India says it'll be ready to join the ranks of the moon lander. The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) is getting ready to land its very first lunar rover by the end of March 2018, as part of its Chandrayaan-2 mission. 'Chaand' is the word for <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/languages/yoursay/weird_words/other_languages/chandrayaan_hindi.shtml">moon in Hindi,</a> so Chandrayaan literally means 'moon vehicle' or 'moon journey.' <div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><a href="http://pictures.reuters.com/C.aspx?VP3=SearchResult&amp;VBID=2C0BXZVBOXG34&amp;SMLS=1&amp;RW=1661&amp;RH=810#/SearchResult&amp;VBID=2C0BXZVBOXG34&amp;SMLS=1&amp;RW=1661&amp;RH=810&amp;POPUPPN=4&amp;POPUPIID=2C0BF1IKX5RD">REUTERS/Indian Space Research Organisation/Handout</a>This handout picture provided by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) shows the surface of the moon taken by Moon Impact Probe (MIP), after separating from India's Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft, November 14, 2008.</div></div></div>This isn't actually the ISRO's first journey towards the moon, but it is the Indian government's most ambitious moon exploration project to date. India's <a href="https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/chandrayaan/facts">Chandrayaan-1</a> blasted off from Sriharikota island off the East coast of India in 2008, at an estimated cost of $83 million. The ISRO's 5-foot by 5-foot cube made it into lunar orbit, and detected some "magmatic water" on a moon crater. Then, on November 14, 2008, the probe crashed into the moon and got lost in lunar orbit before <a href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=6769">NASA found</a> the "derelict spacecraft" again in 2016. This will be the ISRO's first attempt to get a more delicate and precise up-close look at the lunar surface. The Indian space team is preparing three unmanned vehicles for the trip: an orbiter craft that will hover above the moon's surface, plus a rover, and a lander that will safely plop that rover on the moon.<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><a href="http://www.unoosa.org/documents/pdf/copuos/2017/copuos2017tech30E.pdf">ISRO</a></div></div></div> The orbiter craft is designed to make a "detailed three-dimensional map of the lunar surface," the agency says, while the lander will take a closer look at the lunar crust and mantle. <a href="https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/chandrayaan02/indepth">NASA says</a> that the craft will be exploring down to "a depth of a few tens of meters." The more nimble rover will hop a ride aboard the lander, but once the pair has softly landed together on the lunar surface, the small vehicle will wheel off and roll about on its own, checking out lunar rocks and soil. It's all being completed on a "shoestring" budget of $93 million USD, <a href="http://www.nature.com/news/india-gears-up-for-second-moon-mission-1.22870">Nature</a> reports.The Chandrayaan 2 mission is just one of the projects the ISRO is hoping to launch in the next several years. They're also working on a project called 'Aditya' that will study the sun, and a 5-year satellite, called 'XPoSat' that they want to use to learn more about cosmic radiation. If all goes well, this mission on the moon will be completed in 14 Earth days, that's just enough time for the moon to make one full orbit around our planet. A more detailed understanding of the moon will be key if <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/spacex-elon-musk-mars-colony-plan-life-support-2017-10">more people are going to be heading into space</a> in the coming years. Many are banking on the spot as a kind of <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/bigelow-aerospace-robert-bigelow-lunar-moon-depot-2017-10">celestial pit stop</a> on the way to Mars. The US has promised to get people on the Red Planet by 2033. <div class="margin-top"> <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-video-apollo-16-lunar-rover-drive-on-moon-2017-11">Newly-released NASA footage shows what it's like to drive on the Moon first-hand</a></h3> <div> </div> </div>

India is preparing to land on the moon for the first time in the country's history

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"></div></div></div><ul class="summary-list"><li>India says its moon lander Vikram has been found in one piece on the lunar surface, after it lost contact and crash landed.</li><li>The lander diverged from its intended path 1.3 miles (2.1 kilometres) above the surface of the moon and lost communication with Earth on early on Saturday.&#xa0;</li><li>Vikram is a lander spacecraft built to separate from the larger orbiter, known as Chandrayaan-2, and is part of India's $145 million lunar mission.&#xa0;</li><li>A successful landing would have made India the 4th country to complete a soft landing on the moon alongside the US, USSR, and China.</li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/?hprecirc-bullet">&#xa0;Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories.&#xa0;</a></li></ul>India says it has located its moon lander Vikram in one piece after it was believed to have crashed on the moon's surface whilst attempting to land on Saturday.Asian News International (ANI) <a href="https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/lander-vikram-located-k-sivan20190908141242/">reported on Sunday</a> that the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) located the lander on the moon's surface.&#xa0;"We have found the location of Lander Vikram on the lunar surface and the Orbiter has clicked a thermal image of the lander," Kailasavadivoo Sivan, Chairman of the ISRO told ANI.&#xa0; He said that the ISRO are yet to establish contact with the space craft lander.&#xa0;CNN News 18 India posted a tweet on Monday saying the Vikram lander "is there as a single piece, not broken into pieces."&#xa0;It is unclear how much damage has been sustained by the lander.Vikram is a lander spacecraft built to separate from the larger orbiter, Chandrayaan-2, and is part of India's $145 million lunar mission.&#xa0;Read More: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/india-space-mission-chandrayaan-2-set-to-land-on-moon-2019-9?r=US&amp;IR=T">India's $145 million lunar mission is set to make it just the 4th nation to make a soft landing on the moon, only months after NASA called its actions in space 'unacceptable'&#xa0;</a>It had been intended to make a soft landing on the moon on Friday, but lost communication with Earth during descent.&#xa0;According to <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/india-lost-contact-with-moon-lander-indicating-crash-2019-9?r=US&amp;IR=T">the chairman of the ISRO,</a> the Vikram spacecraft diverged from its intended path when it was around 1.3 miles (2.1 kilometers) above the surface of the south pole of the moon.It was at this positioning early on Saturday morning that the spacecraft operators lost contact with the communications systems and Vikram believed to have crashed into the surface of the moon.<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"></div></div></div>Read More: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/india-lost-contact-with-moon-lander-indicating-crash-2019-9?r=US&amp;IR=T">India lost contact with its moon lander, and an astronomer thinks the spacecraft crashed into the lunar surface.&#xa0;</a>Astronomer Jason Davis from the Planetary Society <a href="http://www.planetary.org/blogs/jason-davis/vikram-apparently-crash-lands.html">said in a post published over the weekend</a> that the scene was "eerily reminiscent" of Israel's failed moon landing in April, when its landing craft also crashed."The most probable conclusion is that Vikram crashed on the surface," he said in the post, which was published prior to the ISRO's confirmation of the crash.A successful landing would have made India the 4th country to land on the moon alongside the US, Russia and China.&#xa0;<div></div> <div class="margin-top"> <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/why-hurricanes-spin-counterclockwise-2017-9">Here's why all hurricanes spin counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere</a></h3> <div> </div> </div>

India failed in its attempt to be the 4th country to make a soft landing on the the moon when its lander crashed on the lunar surface

<ul><li>The National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) will fly over Chandrayaan 2’s landing site on the moon. </li><li>LRO will try and capture images of the lunar lander, Vikram, on the Moon. </li><li>The images might turn out a little blurry with sunlight depleting and only four days to go before the lunar night sets in. </li></ul>The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) will capture images of Indian lunar lander, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/everything-you-need-to-know-about-vikram-chandrayaan-2s-lander-as-it-lands-on-the-moon/articleshow/71008396.cms">Vikram</a>, today. According to the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), Vikram isn’t broken — it’s only lying tilted on the lunar surface. NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) will fly over Vikram’s landing site. The images of the lander will help ISRO figure out what went wrong — and what went right — with the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/indias-145-million-lunar-mission-is-set-to-make-it-just-the-4th-nation-to-make-a-soft-landing-on-the-moon-only-months-after-nasa-called-its-actions-in-space-unacceptable/articleshow/70996580.cms">Chandrayaan 2</a>’s mission to <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/heres-why-chandrayaan-2s-soft-landing-on-the-moon-will-be-the-15-most-terrifying-minutes-for-isro/articleshow/71011152.cms">soft land on the Moon</a>. <div type="image" title="BI91" msid="71162941" hostid="261"></div>

 ISRO also <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2s-lander-vikram-found-on-the-moon-but-isro-suspects-hard-landing/articleshow/71035718.cms">clicked images</a> of the lunar lander, but the images were never released to the public. NASA’s images, on the other hand, will be shared with the public. "NASA will share any before and after flyover imagery of the area around the targeted Chandrayaan-2 Vikram lander landing site to support analysis by the Indian Space Research Organisation," said Noah Petro, LRO's project scientist. Lunar nights These images might come out a little blurry since Vikram has been incommunicado for ten days now. Sunlight is depleting with only four days to go before the lunar night sets in, which will last for two weeks. These are also the last four days that ISRO has to establish <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-fails-in-the-final-seconds-of-descent-to-moons-south-pole/articleshow/71018196.cms">communication with Vikram</a> before it gets too cold for the lander to operate. The lander isn’t meant to survive temperatures that will dip to beyond -270 degrees Celsius. NASA had already tried communicating with the lander a few days back when its Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) beamed a radio frequency to the lander, in hopes of receiving a return signal from Vikram. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2s-lander-vikram-found-on-the-moon-but-isro-suspects-hard-landing/articleshow/71035718.cms">Chandrayaan 2 definitely reached the Moon but might have 'hard' news in store</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/pictures-of-moon-and-earth-by-chandrayaan-2-lander-and-orbiter/articleshow/71015068.cms">IN PICS: All pictures clicked by Chandrayaan 2's lander — Vikram</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-fails-in-the-final-seconds-of-descent-to-moons-south-pole/articleshow/71018196.cms">Chandrayaan 2 loses contact with the lander in the final seconds of the descent to Moon's surface</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/everything-you-need-to-know-about-vikram-chandrayaan-2s-lander-as-it-lands-on-the-moon/articleshow/71008396.cms">Everything you need to know about Vikram, Chandrayaan 2's lander, as it lands on the Moon</a>

NASA's lunar probe is going to photograph the Indian moon lander today

New Delhi [India], August 18 (ANI): <keyword id="8011274" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="chandrayaan-3" source="Orion">Chandrayaan-3</keyword> is just days away from its final destination, the moon. On August 23 the <keyword id="7864315" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="vikram-lander" source="Orion">Vikram Lander</keyword> of Chandrayaan 3 is expected to make a soft landing on the south pole of the moon. ISRO on Friday released images of the moon as captured by the position detection camera attached to the lander right after the successful separation of the lander from the propulsion module. Here are some of the pictures: The Chandrayaan-3 mission's lander is named after Vikram Sarabhai (1919-1971), who is widely regarded as the father of the Indian space programme. On Wednesday, the spacecraft carried out the final lunar-bound orbit reduction manoeuvre of the Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft, a week ahead of its scheduled landing on the south pole of the moon on August 23. A GSLV Mark 3 (LVM 3) heavy-lift launch vehicle was used for the launch of the spacecraft that was placed in the lunar orbit on August 5 and since then it has been through a series of orbital manoeuvres. It has been a month and three days since the Indian Space Research Organisation launched the Chandrayaan-3 mission on July 14. The spacecraft was launched from the <keyword id="6356967" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="satish-dhawan-space-centre" source="Orion">Satish Dhawan Space Centre</keyword> in Andhra Pradesh's Sriharikota. ISRO is bidding to make a successful soft landing on the moon, which will make India the fourth country in the world to achieve the feat after the United States, Russia, and China. The stated objectives of Chandrayaan-3, India's third lunar mission, are safe and soft landing, rover roving on the moon's surface, and in-situ scientific experiments. The approved cost of Chandrayaan-3 is Rs 250 crores (excluding launch vehicle cost). Chandrayaan-3's development phase commenced in January 2020 with the launch planned sometime in 2021. However, the COVID-19 pandemic brought an unforeseen delay to the mission's progress. Chandrayaan-3 is the ISRO's follow-up attempt after the Chandrayaan-2 mission faced challenges during its soft landing on the lunar surface in 2019 and was eventually deemed to have failed its core mission objectives. Meanwhile, the Chairman of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), S Somanath last week expressed confidence in the progress of the Chandrayaan 3, providing reassurance that all systems were operating as planned. Chairman S Somanath stated, "Everything is going fine now. There will be a series of manoeuvres until it lands (on the Moon) on 23rd August. The satellite is healthy." Moon serves as a repository of the Earth's past and a successful lunar mission by India will help enhance life on Earth while also enabling it to explore the rest of the solar system and beyond. Historically, spacecraft missions to the Moon have primarily targeted the equatorial region due to its favourable terrain and operating conditions. However, the lunar south pole presents a vastly different and more challenging terrain compared to the equatorial region. (ANI)

You Searched For "ISRO pictures" and got 12 results

IN PICS: All pictures clicked by Chandrayaan 2's lander — Vikram

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The man behind Chandrayaan 1 thinks India's second mission to the moon is the 'most complex' ever

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Meet the 33-year-old Chennai techie who spotted Vikram Lander on Moon’s surface and alerted NASA

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ISRO has 14 days to contact Chandrayaan 2's 'tilted' but intact lander

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India's Cheap Mars Spacecraft Just Sent Back Its Very First Photo

Dina Spector

Mars Orbiter Mission completes 4 years: In pictures

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Here’s what’s special about India’s Cartosat-3 launch tomorrow

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India’s space agency is planning a massive launch of over 30 satellites this week, including one capable of ‘hyperspectral’ imaging

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India is preparing to land on the moon for the first time in the country's history

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India failed in its attempt to be the 4th country to make a soft landing on the the moon when its lander crashed on the lunar surface

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NASA's lunar probe is going to photograph the Indian moon lander today

Prabhjote Gill

Up, close & personal images of the moon from Chandrayaan-3's Vikram lander

ANI

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