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Now that the winter is right upon us and the proverbial Delhi fog is fast approaching the point of zero visibility, how about a leisurely ride to the <keyword id="24879" type="CITY" weightage="100" keywordseo="Sun">sun</keyword>, <keyword id="42711" type="COMPANY" weightage="100" keywordseo="Seas">seas</keyword> and sands that will warm your heart? Especially when you are chugging on to some breathtakingly beautiful coastal stretches overlooking the sea? Last month, we have taken our readers on a picturesque <keyword id="6374782" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="journey">journey</keyword> through India’s heartland. On this third and last leg of our trip today, we will take you on a <keyword id="1981639" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Coastal-ride">coastal ride</keyword> as the train meanders its way through sloping hills, beautiful valleys and misty blue coastlines. And finally, there’s the <keyword id="824801" type="ENTERTAINMENT" weightage="80" keywordseo="unforgettable">unforgettable</keyword> <keyword id="1981642" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Sea-bridge-ride">sea bridge ride</keyword> to <keyword id="6354932" type="CITY" weightage="100" keywordseo="Rameswaram">Rameswaram</keyword>. Just take a train of your choice to live and relive the journey. “Be like a train; go in the rain, go in the sun, go in the storm, go in the dark <keyword id="142777" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="tunnels">tunnels</keyword>! Be like a train; concentrate on your road and go with no hesitation,” says Turkish writer <keyword id="1981629" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="Mehmet-Murat">Mehmet Murat</keyword> ildan and we cannot agree more. Happy journey, folks, and happy holidays! 
 
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Chugging Out To Sea: Five Coast-hugging Train Rides Along Indian Shores

The deadly landslides in Kerala's ecologically fragile Wayanad district were triggered by a heavy burst of rainfall, made 10 per cent heavier by <keyword id="19907392" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="climate-change" source="keywords">climate change</keyword>, according to a new rapid attribution study by a global team of scientists. Researchers from India, Sweden, the US and the UK warned that such events will become more common as the climate continues to warm. To measure the impact of human-caused climate change, the scientists from the <keyword id="12008149" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="World-Weather-Attribution" source="Orion">World Weather Attribution</keyword> (WWA) group analysed climate models with high enough resolution to accurately reflect rainfall in the relatively small study area. The models indicated that the intensity of rainfall has increased by 10 per cent due to climate change, they said. The models also predict a further four per cent increase in rainfall intensity if the average <keyword id="21951013" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="global-temperature" source="keywords">global temperature</keyword> rises by two degrees Celsius compared to the 1850-1900 average. The scientists, however, said there is a "high level of uncertainty" in the model results as the study area is small and mountainous with complex rainfall-climate dynamics. Having said that, the increase in heavy one-day rainfall events aligns with a growing body of scientific evidence on extreme rainfall in a warming world, including in India, and the understanding that a warmer atmosphere holds more moisture, leading to heavier downpours. According to scientists, the atmosphere's capacity to hold moisture increases by about 7 per cent for every one-degree Celsius rise in global temperature. The Earth's global surface temperature has already increased by around 1.3 degrees Celsius due to the rapidly rising concentration of greenhouse gases, primarily carbon dioxide and methane. Scientists say this is the reason behind worsening <keyword id="19912530" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="extreme-weather-events" source="keywords">extreme weather events</keyword>, such as droughts, heat waves and floods worldwide. The WWA scientists said that while the relationship between land cover, land use changes and landslide risk in Wayanad is not fully clear from existing studies, factors, such as quarrying for building materials and a 62 per cent reduction in forest cover may have increased the slopes' susceptibility to landslides during heavy rainfall. Other researchers have also linked the <keyword id="22597176" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="Wayanad-landslides" source="keywords">Wayanad landslides</keyword> to a combination of forest cover loss, mining in fragile terrain and prolonged rain followed by heavy precipitation. S Abhilash, the director of the Advanced Centre for Atmospheric Radar Research at Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT), had earlier told PTI that the warming of the Arabian Sea is leading to the formation of deep cloud systems, resulting in extremely heavy rainfall in Kerala in a short period and increasing the risk of landslides. "Our research found that the southeast Arabian Sea is becoming warmer, causing the atmosphere above Kerala to become thermodynamically unstable. This instability is allowing the formation of deep clouds," he had said. According to the landslide atlas released by ISRO's National Remote Sensing Centre last year, 10 out of the top 30 landslide-prone districts in India are in Kerala, with Wayanad ranked at the 13th spot. A study published by Springer in 2021 said all landslide hotspots in Kerala are in the Western Ghats region and are concentrated in Idukki, Ernakulam, Kottayam, Wayanad, Kozhikode and Malappuram districts. It said about 59 per cent of total landslides in Kerala have occurred in plantation areas. A 2022 study on depleting forest cover in Wayanad showed that 62 per cent of forests in the district disappeared between 1950 and 2018, while plantation cover rose by around 1,800 per cent.

Wayanad landslides linked to 10% heavier rainfall due to climate change: Study

Scientist S. Somanath is all set to take over as the new Chairman of the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/startups/news/interview-these-former-isro-scientists-are-hoping-for-the-biggest-ever-funding-in-the-indian-spacetech-industry/articleshow/87911503.cms" data-type="tilCustomLink">Indian Space Research Organisation</a> (ISRO), succeeding K. Sivan. Somanath, who is currently Director of the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) in the Kerala state capital, will be fourth Keralite to occupy the topmost post in the Indian space sector. The previous Malayalees who have held the top post are K. Kasturirangan, G. Madhavan Nair, and K. Radhakrishnan. Sivan was given a year's extension and his term is set to end very soon and Somnath's name was cleared for the top office way back in 2019 itself, by virtue of his seniority in the ISRO hierarchy. Somanath completed his Pre Degree from the Maharaja's College, Ernakulam and did mechanical engineering from the TKM College of Engineering, Kollam, near here and in 1985 joined the VSSC centre here and has had no reason to look back after that. He later did his Master's degree in Aerospace Engineering from the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore with specialisation in Dynamics and Control. At the ISRO, he has been associated with the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) Project during its initial phase. Later he became the Associate Director (Projects) of the VSSC and also the Project Director of the GSLV Mk-III launch vehicle in 2010. He was also the Deputy Director of Propulsion and Space Ordinance Entity till November 2014. In June 2015, he took over as Director of the Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC) at Valiamala, Thiruvananthapuram, and served there until January 2018. Somanath then took over as Director of VSSC from Sivan who became Chairman of the ISRO and now he is all set to succeed him in the top post too.

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Chugging Out To Sea: Five Coast-hugging Train Rides Along Indian Shores

Sanghamitra Mandal

Wayanad landslides linked to 10% heavier rainfall due to climate change: Study

PTI

Scientist S. Somanath to take over as new ISRO chairman

IANS

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