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<ul><li>The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) stated that the <keyword id="116095" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Indian-Space-Research-Organisation">Indian Space Research Organisation</keyword> (ISRO) has ‘inspired’ them with <keyword id="414120" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Chandrayaan-2">Chandrayaan 2</keyword>. </li><li>NASA also said that it looks forward to future missions with ISRO. </li><li>NASA’s laser reflector arrays were abroad Chandrayaan 2’s lander, Vikram. </li><li>NASA and ISRO are already collaborating to build the most expensive Earth imaging satellite till date — NISAR — pegged to cost $1.5 billion. </li></ul> As the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) tries to figure out <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-fails-in-the-final-seconds-of-descent-to-moons-south-pole/articleshow/71018196.cms">what went wrong</a> with the moon landing, international support is pouring in from all corners of the world. The US’ apex space agency, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), tweeted that that ISRO has ‘inspired’ then with their journey. <div type="twitter" handle="NASA" handlename="NASA" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1091070803184177153/TI2qItoi_normal.jpg" favoritecount="102912" retweetcount="35977" status="Space is hard. We commend @ISRO’s attempt to land their #Chandrayaan2 mission on the Moon’s South Pole. You have in… https://t.co/M2a8mU8eVA" createdat="1567876723000" id="1170385925077131264"></div>

 NASA’s link to Chandrayaan 2 Chandrayaan 2, though primarily an Indian mission, was carrying <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-india-moon-mission-14-high-tech-instruments-to-look-for-water/articleshow/69867398.cms">NASA’s laser instruments</a>. Its laser reflector arrays were aboard <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/everything-you-need-to-know-about-vikram-chandrayaan-2s-lander-as-it-lands-on-the-moon/articleshow/71008396.cms">the lander</a>. NASA has been sending up laser reflector arrays with every mission that’s aiming to land on the Moon. One was also on the Israeli lander, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/israeli-scientists-attempt-at-the-first-private-moon-landing-failed-because-of-a-glitch-that-caused-a-high-speed-crash-into-the-lunar-surface/articleshow/68858222.cms">Beresheet</a>, that crashed into the lunar surface earlier this year. The Moon is already home to five such lasers, according to Simone Dell’Angello, a physicist at the National Institute for Nuclear Physics National Laboratory. The aim of populating the Moon with these instruments is to get an accurate reading of the distance between the Earth and its natural satellite. Retroreflectors are basically very high tech mirrors and their job is to reflect back any lasers signals that Earth sends its way. The reflection from the instruments on the lander would help pinpoint its location. The location, in turn, can be used to calculate the precise distance between the Moon and the Earth. NASA’s history with the Moon Landing on the Moon isn’t easy and nobody knows that better than NASA. It took the US space agency <a href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/lunartimeline.html">15 attempts </a>before it finally nailed a hard landing on the Moon. Even NASA’s <a href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/surveyor.html">Surveyor Program</a> — a series of uncrewed soft landings on the Moon — had to face two failures. NASA’s has plans of its own for 2024 The last time NASA sent humans to the Moon was in 1972 as a part of the Apollo 17 mission. Its last uncrewed mission was back in 2013 when it launched the Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080813104358/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=LADEE">LADEE</a>) to intentionally crash into the far side of the Moon. Now, US President Donald Trump is looking to remake US glory by sending astronauts to the Moon again — the mission is called Artemis. He’s even moved up the deadline from 2028 to 2024 — a move that might <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/NASA-says-it-needs-a-1-6-billion-down-payment-from-Congress-to-send-astronauts-back-to-the-moon-within-5-years/articleshow/69331646.cms">cost the US government $1.55 billion</a> as well as reallocating $321 million from other NASA projects. This is on top of NASA’s <a href="http://www.planetary.org/blogs/casey-dreier/2019/0215-fy2019-nasa-gets-its-best-budget-in-decades.html">annual budget</a> of $21.5 billion. And, the spending doesn’t stop there. ISRO and NASA are currently developing a dual frequency synthetic aperture radar satellite — <a href="https://sservi.nasa.gov/articles/u-s-india-to-collaborate-on-mars-exploration-earth-observing-mission/">NISAR</a>. The satellite is scheduled to take off in 2020, according to NASA. NISAR is expected to be the most expensive Earth imaging till date with its cost pegged at $1.5 billion. It aims to study the effect of climate change on the environment and the resulting hazards. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2s-orbiter-has-seven-and-a-half-years-to-scan-the-surface-of-the-moon/articleshow/71027327.cms">Chandrayaan 2’s orbiter has seven and a half years to scan the surface of the Moon</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-fails-in-the-final-seconds-of-descent-to-moons-south-pole/articleshow/71018196.cms">Chandrayaan 2 loses contact with the lander in the final seconds of the descent to Moon's surface</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/moon-landing-drama-play-by-play-of-isro-losing-communication-with-chandrayaan-2s-lander/articleshow/71018307.cms">Moon landing drama: Play by play of ISRO losing communication with Chandrayaan 2's lander</a>

NASA 'inspired' by Chandrayaan 2 as it plans to return to the Moon after 7 years

<ul><li>The Moon's South Pole is becoming a popular destination for space exploration as India launches its second lunar mission, <keyword id="414120" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Chandrayaan-2">Chandrayaan 2</keyword> .</li><li>China, Russia and the US are hot on the trail to land their own missions on the Moon's South as well.</li><li>Countries finally have the technological capability to land in a heavy crater area like the Moon's South Pole.</li><li>The abundance of craters on the lunar South Pole makes it a treasure trove of primary elements trapped in the ice at temperature dipping below -230 degrees Celsius.</li></ul>The Moon's South Pole is in sudden demand and India's <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/heres-why-chandrayaan-2-is-landmark-moon-mission-for-india/articleshow/69842571.cms">Chandrayaan 2</a> mission is only the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-why-indias-isro-is-going-to-the-moon/articleshow/69893150.cms">first of many</a> heading to one of the most crater dense regions of the Moon. <keyword id="45499" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Chandrayaan">Chandrayaan</keyword> 2 will be <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayan-2-lunar-mission-to-launch-in-july-by-isro/articleshow/69139095.cms">launching tomorrow</a> at 2:15am from the Indian Space Research Organisation's (ISRO) Satish Dhawan Space Center on Sriharikota Island. The sudden demand for the South Pole isn't by chance. It's because countries finally have the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-india-moon-mission-14-high-tech-instruments-to-look-for-water/articleshow/69867398.cms">technology</a> to help them land in one of the most highly cratered regions on the moon. "The world is targeting the South Pole. It's not just India — the Americans, the Russians, the Chinese, the Europeans — they're all going to the South Pole," stated Chaitanya Giri, a fellow for space and ocean Studies at Gateway House, a think tank focussing on India's global relations. Moon rush China has its own plans to build a scientific research station on the Moon's South Pole and they're going to start off by sending the <a href="http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-04/24/c_138004666.htm">Chang'e-5</a> there to collect and return with lunar samples by the end of the year. The European Space Agency (<a href="https://spacenews.com/china-sets-sights-on-moons-south-pole-with-esa-collaboration-talks-ongoing/">ESA</a>) is reportedly in talks to collaborate. <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/nasa-says-its-plan-to-send-people-back-to-the-moon-could-cost-as-much-as-30-billion/articleshow/69787956.cms">Americans</a> want their astronauts on the South Pole, even though it's not certain whether they will get there by <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/Trump-wants-to-send-astronauts-back-to-the-moon-but-his-proposed-budget-cuts-NASA-funding-close-to-an-all-time-low/articleshow/62041464.cms">2024 or 2028</a>. Even Russia has the South Pole on their books with <a href="http://www.iki.rssi.ru/eng/moon.htm">Luna-25</a> mission, also known as the Luna Glob Lander. "If you look at missions in the past, we went to places where it was safe to land. The world didn't have the technology to land on slightly off places on the moon. Its takes a while to really practice going to the moon and how to land in certain far away places," Giri told Business Insider India. Panning for resources Since the moon is so crater heavy, the craters and their shadows have been experiencing low temperatures for millions of years going as low as -230 degrees Celsius. "The Moon's South Pole has massive amounts of resources on it, which are not seen and not found in other regions of the moon. You have ices of water, ices of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, probably methane as well," said Giri. And while, the existence of these minerals is speculated, nobody really knows the origins of these volatile compounds. "Are they of lunar origin or have they been delivered by impacting fragments of asteroids and comets? There is quite a curiosity about it," Giri explained. "The ices and the molecules they are formed of, have been lying there for a very long time. All this time these ices have been irradiated by solar, galactic, and cosmic rays - leading to a lot of low-temperature quantum-tunneled chemistry within these ices," he added , concluding that, "Scientists are expecting some exotic stuff that will have far-reaching applications to the high-tech industry." See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-india-moon-mission-14-high-tech-instruments-to-look-for-water/articleshow/69867398.cms">India's second mission to the moon will use these 14 high-tech instruments to look for water</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-why-indias-isro-is-going-to-the-moon/articleshow/69893150.cms">Chandrayaan 2 will give India bragging rights even if it doesn't find water</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/heres-why-chandrayaan-2-is-landmark-moon-mission-for-india/articleshow/69842571.cms">India's second moon mission Chandrayaan 2 that will cost ₹10 billion will break new records</a>

India's Chandrayaan 2 takes the lead ahead of America, Russia, and China as the first of many missions to the Moon's South Pole

Full text of President Ram Nath Kovind's first address to the Parliament as the 17th Lok Sabha gets underway

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NASA 'inspired' by Chandrayaan 2 as it plans to return to the Moon after 7 years

Prabhjote Gill

India's Chandrayaan 2 takes the lead ahead of America, Russia, and China as the first of many missions to the Moon's South Pole

Prabhjote Gill

Full text of President Ram Nath Kovind's first address to the Parliament as the 17th Lok Sabha gets underway

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