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Hello! This story is from today's edition of <keyword id="11313717" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="morning-brew">Morning Brew</keyword>, an awesome daily email read by 2.9 million next-generation leaders like you. Sign up <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/reviews/out?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.morningbrew.com%2Fdaily%2Fsubscribe%3Futm_medium%3Dpartnership%26utm_source%3Dinsider">here</a> to get it!Despite the influx of Office trivia night invites, nature is in fact not healing. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is at its <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-climate-carbon/carbon-dioxide-in-the-air-at-highest-level-since-measurements-began-idUSKCN2DJ2C2?utm_source=morning_brew" target="_blank" rel="noopener">highest level</a> in modern history and 50% higher than in preindustrial times, according to new findings from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Agency (NOAA) and the Scripps Institution of Oceanography.<ul><li>In fact, to find a time when Earth's atmosphere had this much <keyword id="49838" type="ENTERTAINMENT" weightage="60" keywordseo="CO2">CO2</keyword> in it, you'd have to go back <a href="https://www.axios.com/earth-carbon-dioxide-levels-human-history-03dc4dc7-660a-44a9-b85c-d8777c4be8c8.html?utm_source=morning_brew" target="_blank" rel="noopener">at least 4.1 million years ago</a> to the Pliocene Epoch, when sea levels were almost 80 feet higher than today.</li></ul>But what about the pandemic? Global emissions fell 7% last year due to travel restrictions and the general slowdown in human activity. However, as the new data reveals, that didn't do much to change the long-term trajectory of carbon emissions.That's because every year, the world adds ~40 billion metric tons of CO2 pollution to the atmosphere. A brief commuting break can't offset the CO2 that sticks around in the atmosphere for up to 1,000 years.This story is from today's edition of Morning Brew, a daily email. Sign up <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/reviews/out?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.morningbrew.com%2Fdaily%2Fsubscribe%3Futm_medium%3Dpartnership%26utm_source%3Dinsider">here</a> to get it!

Despite global emissions falling 7% in 2020, carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is at its highest level in modern history

Despite an increase in energy efficiency investment and lower energy intensity, the building and construction sector's energy consumption and <keyword id="85568" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="co2-emissions" source="Orion">CO2 emissions</keyword> have rebounded from the Covid-19 pandemic to an all-time high, a new report finds. Released at the latest round of the UN COP27 climate summit in Egypt, the 2022 Global Status Report for Buildings and Construction finds that the sector accounted for over 34 per cent of energy demand and around 37 per cent of energy and process-related <keyword id="49838" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="co2" source="Orion">CO2</keyword> emissions in 2021. The sector's operational energy-related CO2 emissions reached 10 gigatonnes of CO2 equivalent -- 5 per cent over 2020 levels and 2 per cent over the pre-pandemic peak in 2019. In 2021, operational energy demand for heating, cooling, lighting and equipment in buildings increased by around four per cent from 2020 and three per cent from 2019. This, according to the report from the <keyword id="15468006" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="global-alliance-for-buildings-and-construction" source="Orion">Global Alliance for Buildings and Construction</keyword> (GlobalABC), means the gap between the climate performance of the sector and the 2050 decarbonization pathway is widening. "Years of warnings about the impacts of climate change have become a reality,a said <keyword id="2974898" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="inger-andersen" source="Orion">Inger Andersen</keyword>, Executive Director of the <keyword id="7285" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="un-environment-programme" source="Orion">UN Environment Programme</keyword> (<keyword id="6491230" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="unep" source="Orion">UNEP</keyword>). "If we do not rapidly cut emissions in line with the Paris Agreement, we will be in deeper trouble." "The buildings sector represents 40 per cent of <keyword id="28249" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="europe" source="Orion">Europe</keyword>'s energy demand, 80 per cent of it from fossil fuels. This makes the sector an area for immediate action, investment, and policies to promote short and long-term energy security." Decarbonizing the buildings sector by 2050 is critical to delivering these cuts. To reduce overall emissions, the sector must improve building energy performance, decrease building materials' carbon footprint, multiply policy commitments alongside action and increase investment in energy efficiency. The sector's emissions intensity in kilogrammes of CO2 per square metre dropped from 43 in 2015 to 40 in 2021. Energy intensity in kilowatts per hour per square metre slightly decreased, from 153 in 2015 to 152 in 2021. Investments in building energy efficiency have gone up by unprecedented levels, rising by 16 per cent in 2021 over 2020 levels to $237 billion. However, growth is outpacing efforts on energy efficiency and reducing energy intensity. The increase in global gross floor area between 2015 and 2021 is the equivalent to the total land area covered in buildings in Germany, France, Italy and the Netherlands; if it were built on one level, at around 24,000 sq.km. The report says that investments in energy efficiency must be sustained in the face of growing crises -- such as the war in Ukraine and the ensuing energy crisis, and the cost-of-living crisis -- to reduce energy demand, avoiding CO2 emissions and dampen energy cost volatility. The buildings sector represents 40 per cent of Europe's energy demand, 80 per cent of it from fossil fuels. This makes the sector an area for immediate action, investment and policies to promote short and long-term energy security. The report shows that the sector can still change. For example, rising fossil fuel costs due to the war in Ukraine and the cost-of-living crisis are providing incentives to invest in energy efficiency -- although the erosion of purchasing power and the impact of labour and materials may slow investment. "The solution may lie in governments directing relief towards low and zero-carbon building investment activities through financial and non-financial incentives," Andersen added. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/auto/news/best-festive-auto-sales-in-the-last-4-years-but-sales-may-decline-says-fada-report/articleshow/95354054.cms">Best festive auto sales in the last 4 years, but sales may decline says FADA report</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/apps/news/whatsapp-introduces-communities-with-up-to-5000-members/articleshow/95275053.cms">WhatsApp introduces Communities with support for up to 5,000 members – here’s how to use it</a>

CO2 emissions from building and construction hits a new high: Report

<ul class="summary-list"><li><keyword id="6355315" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="elon-musk">Elon Musk</keyword>'s <keyword id="2156538" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="XPRIZE">XPRIZE</keyword> foundation on Monday announced details for a new carbon-capture competition.</li><li>The competition will give out $100 million over four years, with $50 million to the grand winner.</li><li>XPRIZE will assess teams on various criteria, including the amount of <keyword id="49838" type="ENTERTAINMENT" weightage="60" keywordseo="CO2">CO2</keyword> removed and energy efficiency.</li></ul>Last month, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-100-million-prize-carbon-capture-technology-contest-2021-1">Elon Musk pledged $100 million to fund a carbon-capture competition</a>. On Monday, Musk's XPRIZE foundation gave some details of exactly how the money will be divided up.Entrants are expected to build and demonstrate ways to "pull carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere or oceans" and lock away CO2 "permanently in an environmentally benign way," XPRIZE said in a <a href="https://www.xprize.org/prizes/elonmusk">post</a> announcing the competition on Monday.To win, teams must show they can scale their ideas to "gigaton levels" of carbon dioxide removal, XPRIZE said. It did not give precise details on how contestants would be judged, but it said they would be evaluated on various criteria including "amount of CO2 removed, life cycle analysis of the removal process, energy efficiency, land footprint and sequestration capabilities." Sequestration is another term for capture and storage.The eventual winner won't get the full $100 million. After an 18-month judging period, the top 15 applicants will each be given $1 million to build "full-scale demonstrations." Out of those 15, the grand winner will receive $50 million, the runner-up $20 million, and third place will get $10 million.The remaining $5 million will be distributed as $200,000 scholarships for student teams.Musk first tweeted about the prize in late January, soon after he officially <a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/tesla-elon-musk-overtakes-amazon-jeff-bezos-world-richest-man-2021-1-1029940953?r=ts-sub">surpassed Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos to become the richest man in the world</a>. Read more: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/tesla-autopilot-elon-musk-ford-porsche-bmw-2021-2?r=ih-sub">Elon Musk has talked to Tesla rivals about selling them its controversial Autopilot feature. Experts say these 3 carmakers are the likeliest buyers.</a>The competition isn't limited to technology. "Any carbon negative solution is eligible: nature-based, direct air capture, oceans, mineralization, or anything else that sequesters CO2 permanently," XPRIZE said. <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/jul/04/planting-billions-trees-best-tackle-climate-crisis-scientists-canopy-emissions#:~:text=Planting%20billions%20of%20trees%20across,crop%20land%20or%20urban%20areas.">Planting forests</a> is an example of a nature-based <keyword id="2101323" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="carbon-capture">carbon capture</keyword> project.The competition would officially open on April 22, when the foundation would release some more specific guidelines for applicants, it said.XPRIZE noted all the details of the competition were "preliminary and subject to change.""We want to make a truly meaningful impact. Carbon negativity, not neutrality," Elon Musk said in a widely distributed press statement on Monday."This is not a theoretical competition; we want teams that will build real systems that can make a measurable impact and scale to a gigaton level. Whatever it takes. Time is of the essence," he added.A December study published in the journal of Scientific Reports said carbon-capture technology <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/climate-change-too-late-carbon-capture-needed-2020-11?r=ts-sub">would be vital to combat climate change even if humans stopped putting out emissions</a>, and estimated that we'd have to suck 33 gigatonnes (36.5 billion tons) of carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere every year.XPRIZE has already granted some money through its other competitions. In 2019 it gave a team of scientists <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ocean-xprize-team-maps-sea-floor-2019-5">$4 million to map the sea floor</a>.

Elon Musk is giving away $100 million over 4 years in a competition to suck CO2 out of the atmosphere

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Parts of the <keyword id="567660" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="Amazon-rainforest">Amazon rainforest</keyword> are emitting more carbon dioxide than they absorb, a new study said Wednesday.</li><li>The Amazon serves as a major natural defense against the <keyword id="1484485" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="climate-crisis">climate crisis</keyword>.</li><li>Any change could devastate the ecosystem and be a troubling sign for the world's fight against rising temperatures.</li></ul>Parts of the Amazon rainforest are emitting more carbon dioxide than they absorb, according to a study <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03629-6">published Wednesday</a> in the scientific journal Nature.The research says the Amazon rainforest's role as a carbon sink - something that absorbs more carbon from the atmosphere than it releases - appears to be in decline, which could devastate the ecosystem and be a troubling sign for the world's fight against the climate crisis.The changes in the Amazon are being driven by factors including deforestation, wildfires, and climate change, the research said.The study was conducted by making more than 600 flights over four areas of the Amazon, with researchers led by Brazil's National Institute for Space Research collecting data on how much carbon dioxide was in the atmosphere.Researchers found the four areas were emitting 410 million metric tons of carbon dioxide per year. The emissions largely came from fires, often set intentionally by humans, according to the study.While the same regions absorbed roughly 120 million metric tons of carbon, that still means the sections of the Amazon were giving off 290 million metric tons in net emissions.The change "may have lasting, negative consequences for both the carbon balance of the region and the fragility of its ecosystems," Nature <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/07/15/americas/amazon-rainforest-carbon-emission-intl-hnk-scn/index.html">said in a press release seen by CNN.</a>

The Amazon rainforest is emitting more CO2 than it absorbs in some areas, according to a new study

<ul class="summary-list"><li><keyword id="6355174" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="ford">Ford</keyword> said on Wednesday its new cars in Europe would be all-electric by 2030.</li><li>The <keyword id="151557" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="carmaker">carmaker</keyword> said it's investing $1 billion to transform its Cologne plant into an electric <keyword id="46210" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="Vehicle">vehicle</keyword> facility.</li><li>Ford said two-thirds of its commercial vehicle sales in Europe would be fully electric or plug-in hybrids by 2030.</li></ul>Ford Motor Co on Wednesday said its <keyword id="6358816" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="car">car</keyword> lineup in Europe will be all-electric by 2030 as the US automaker races to get ahead of CO2 emissions targets and looming bans in some countries on fossil fuel vehicles.The carmaker said it would invest $1 billion over the next 30 months to convert its vehicle assembly plant in Cologne, Germany, to become the US automaker's first electric vehicle facility in Europe."This reinforces our commitment to the European region," Stuart Rowley, head of Ford's European operations, said during a news conference.<a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ford-mustang-mach-e-named-best-suv-2020-2021-1">Ford</a> said its first European-built, all-electric passenger vehicle would be produced at the facility from 2023, and that it was considering building a second model there.The carmaker has a strategic alliance with <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/volkswagen-is-looking-into-developing-a-flying-car-in-china-2021-2">Volkswagen AG</a>, under which Ford will use its German partner's MEB electric vehicle platform to build some models. Rowley said the model out of Cologne would be the first to use Volskwagen's MEB platform.The <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/tesla-gm-ford-taking-different-approaches-electric-vehicle-ev-market-2020-9">No.2 US automaker</a> said that by 2026 it would have electric versions of all its passenger cars on sale in Europe and that by 2030 two-thirds of its commercial vehicle sales in Europe would be fully electric or plug-in hybrids.The company said it would have plug-in hybrid or fully-electric versions of its entire commercial vehicle range available by 2024.Ford currently dominates the US and European markets for gasoline-powered commercial vehicles with shares of 40% and almost 15%, respectively.The carmaker said its commercial vehicle business was "key to future growth and profitability."Ford said this month it was "doubling down" on connected electric vehicles and said it would invest $22 billion in electrification through 2025, nearly twice what it had previously committed to EVs.This week <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/jaguar-land-rover-brexit-jobs-investment-warning-2018-7">Jaguar Land Rover</a>, owned by India's Tata Motors, said its luxury Jaguar brand would be entirely electric by 2025 and the carmaker will launch e-models of its entire lineup by 2030.Last month, Ford's Detroit rival <a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/general-motors-stock-price-record-high-gm-microsoft-cruise-autonomous-vehicles-2021-1-1029982338">General Motors Co</a> said it was aiming for an entirely zero-emission lineup by 2035.

Ford said its European car lineup would be all-electric by 2030, in a bid to lower CO2 emissions and avoid fossil fuel bans

The International Panel on Climate Change released their third and final report this weekend, <a href="http://report.mitigation2014.org/spm/ipcc_wg3_ar5_summary-for-policymakers_approved.pdf">warning</a> that population growth and industrialization in the developing world could drive global warming past the point of no return.
Even if it doesn't fall into that particular category, the U.S. could always be doing more toward mitigating its own emissions.
But for what it's worth, it was not among the countries singled out by Oswaldo Lucon, a Brazilian scientist involved in the report, as having been responsible for watering down the panel's latest findings. (He fingered the Chinese, Indian, Saudi Arabian and even his own Brazilian delegation for doing so).
<a href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/aei-ideas/carpe-diem/~3/EG_cHojs_QI/">And the following chart from AEI's Mark Perry</a> shows the U.S. has been making significant gains in carbon dioxide reduction: At about 17 tons per capita, we are at a level not seen in half a century. Perry writes: 
CO2 emissions per capita in the US increased slightly last year, but were back to the same level as in 1963 (50 years ago), and 23% below the peak in the early 1970s, thanks to the boom in shale gas, which has displaced coal for electricity generation.
Check it out:
<div class="KonaFilter image-container"><div class="image"><a href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/aei-ideas/carpe-diem/~3/EG_cHojs_QI/">Mark Perry/AEI</a></div></div>

US CO2 Emissions Per Capita Are At Their Lowest Levels In 50 Years 

<div class="image-container float_right" style="width:400px"><div class="image"></div>Global Thermostat</div>If you haven't heard, our airplanes are already <a href="http://www.smartplanet.com/blog/intelligent-energy/algae-jet-fuel-helps-power-united-airlines-flight/10248">getting some of their gas from algae</a>.
But that <keyword id="55579" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="ALGAE">algae</keyword> needs its own power source — in the form of <keyword id="66463" type="ENTERTAINMENT" weightage="60" keywordseo="Carbon">carbon</keyword> dioxide, or CO2 — to produce the jet fuel.
That's where Columbia professors Graciela Chichilnisky and Peter Eisenberger come in.
Their company, <a href="http://globalthermostat.com/">Global Thermostat</a>, has developed a technology Chichilnisky says can suck carbon dioxide out of the air, store it up, and sell it back to companies that need it.
Chichilnisky recently came by our offices to show off the product.
The profit motive is just a necessary evil, she told us.
The real reason behind their carbon capture invention is tackling <keyword id="6361617" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="Climate-Change">climate change</keyword>, since more carbon dioxide in the air increases <keyword id="6366055" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="global-warming">global warming</keyword>.
"It's no longer enough to reduce emissions," she said. "We've procrastinated enough, and so to avoid the worst, catastrophic risks, what we need is to take it down from air to close the carbon cycle, which means whatever we put up, bring it down. And that's what our technology does."
Of course, removing excess carbon dioxide from the atmosphere would only get at part of the problem underlying climate change. But Chichilnisky says the product could save large carbon-emitting businesses from a lot of grief. 
<table class="image-container float_left" width="200"><tr><td><div class="image"></div>Rob Wile/Business InsiderSample of Global Thermostat's carbon capture cube.</td></tr></table>
It works by coating cubes just slightly larger than your hand — like the one at left — with a nitrogen-based compound developed by Global Thermostat that absorbs carbon dioxide.
Stack a bunch of the cubes on top of one another, add some exhaust pipes, and you get a full facility, like the one shown above.
The plants are capable of processing 100,00 cubic feet of air per minute. The end product is 97-percent-pure CO2. 
Chichilnisky compares the technology to a dehumidifier.
"You plug it in, air circles inside dehumidifier, there's a chemical that loves water, so water is captured," she said. "And then the water, as it cools, condenses and falls down on tray, then you change the tray.
"Now replace water molecules by CO2, and replace the chemical that the loves water by a chemical that loves CO2, and that's what it is."
The company's first commercial partnership is with Algae Systems, a company that's utilizing Global Thermostat's packaged CO2 to produce the aforementioned jet fuel. A factory to do so is currently under construction in Alabama. 
Edgar Bronfman Jr., former Vivendi and Seagram CEO, is a minority owner in Global Thermostat, and the firm has received a loan from Goldman Sachs.
The Alabama factory won't be finished before the end of the year.
But Chichilinksy says she's already received interest from companies in India and Saudi Arabia for their own carbon capturing facilities. The company made $1 million last year.
Her elevator pitch, while over the top, is not totally inaccurate.
"We transform [CO2] into money, we make it into cash."

How Carbon Capture Technology Can Almost Turn CO2 Into Cash

<ul class="summary-list"><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/photos-show-ingenuity-mars-drone-flying-taken-by-perseverance-rover-2021-4">NASA's Perseverance rover</a> carried an oxygen-producing experiment called <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/moxie-robot-nasa-mars-rover-turns-co2-into-oxygen-2020-7">MOXIE</a> to <keyword id="47638" type="COMPANY" weightage="60" keywordseo="Mars">Mars</keyword>.</li><li><keyword id="2435217" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="Moxie">MOXIE</keyword> on Tuesday converted carbon dioxide from Mars' atmosphere into <keyword id="6355647" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="Oxygen">oxygen</keyword> for the first time.</li><li>Any <keyword id="73998" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="astronauts">astronauts</keyword> who visit Mars will need to produce their own oxygen to breathe and fuel rockets.</li></ul><keyword id="6360409" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="Nasa">NASA</keyword> sent the Perseverance rover to Mars with some bonus technology: a device that can turn carbon dioxide into oxygen, much as trees do on Earth.The device, called the Mars Oxygen In-Situ Resource Utilization Experiment, or MOXIE, pulled carbon dioxide from the Martian atmosphere to produce its first oxygen on Tuesday. It's a small amount - 5.4 grams, enough to keep an astronaut healthy for 10 minutes - but it's proof the technology works on the red planet.That's good <keyword id="6355005" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="news">news</keyword> for the prospect of sending human explorers to Mars. Oxygen takes up a lot of room on a spacecraft, and it's unlikely that astronauts will be able to bring enough with them to Mars. So they'll need to produce their own oxygen from the Martian atmosphere, both for breathing and for fueling rockets to return to Earth.<div type="image" title="mars human exploration settlement habitat astronauts martian" height="1135" width="1513" msid="82189741" hostid="261"></div>"This is a critical first step at converting carbon dioxide to oxygen on Mars," Jim Reuter, the associate administrator for NASA's Space Technology Mission Directorate, said in a Wednesday <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-s-perseverance-mars-rover-extracts-first-oxygen-from-red-planet">press release</a>."MOXIE has more work to do, but the results from this technology demonstration are full of promise as we move toward our goal of one day seeing humans on Mars," he added. "Oxygen isn't just the stuff we breathe. Rocket propellant depends on oxygen, and future explorers will depend on producing propellant on Mars to make the trip home."The golden box holding the experiment is about the size of a car battery - just 1% the size of the device scientists actually hope to send to Mars.MOXIE descendants could ultimately produce enough oxygen - roughly 25 metric tons - to launch four astronauts off the Martian surface. Producing that oxygen on-site would save a lot of space, weight, fuel, and money for the initial journey to Mars.<h2>How MOXIE pulls oxygen out of thin air</h2><div type="image" title="Mars Perseverance Selfie 2x1" height="600" width="1200" msid="82189742" hostid="261"></div>This isn't the Perseverance mission's only technological first this week. Another experiment it carried to Mars, the Ingenuity helicopter, made history Monday when it <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/video-perseverance-rover-nasa-helicopter-ingenuity-first-mars-flight-2021-4">flew above the Martian surface</a> for the first time."Tech demonstrations are a really, really critical element of our portfolio," Thomas Zurbuchen, an associate administrator at NASA, told Insider ahead of Ingenuity's flight. "They basically enable new tools in our toolbox."<div type="image" title="NASA Perseverance " height="2160" width="2880" msid="82189743" hostid="261"></div>NASA expects MOXIE to extract oxygen from the Martian atmosphere at least nine more times over the next two years. This first attempt was designed to make sure the experiment was working. Future runs will test MOXIE's abilities at different times of day and across Mars' seasons. The device is designed to generate up to 10 grams of oxygen an hour.At the very least, MOXIE won't run out of fuel for these tests. Mars' atmosphere is 96% carbon dioxide. The device uses heat and electrical currents to split those CO2 molecules into oxygen (O) and carbon monoxide (CO). Oxygen atoms don't like to be alone for long, so they quickly combine into O2 molecules - the oxygen that we breathe.The final product should be almost pure molecular oxygen: about 99.6% O2.MOXIE then releases both the oxygen and the carbon monoxide back into the planet's atmosphere. Future scaled-up devices, however, would store the oxygen in tanks for later use.<div type="image" title="mars perseverance rover moxie installation jet propulsion laboratory nasa" height="1534" width="2045" msid="82189744" hostid="261"></div>Converting carbon dioxide to oxygen isn't the only way future astronauts could live off the Martian land. Scientists and engineers have also proposed using on-site rocks to build structures or even digging up Martian or lunar ice to make drinking water or rocket fuel.Regardless of which method it chooses, NASA will have to get resourceful to expand human presence into deep space. MOXIE's success puts one more technology in its toolbox.

NASA's Perseverance rover just turned CO2 into oxygen. The technology could help astronauts breathe on Mars.

Amazing Supercomputer Animation Shows How CO2 In The Atmosphere Travels Around The Globe

<ul class="summary-list"><li>More than 1 billion children are at extreme risk for weather disasters, a <a href="https://www.unicef.org/media/105376/file/UNICEF-climate-crisis-child-rights-crisis.pdf">UNICEF report</a> found.</li><li>The majority of these kids live in countries that contribute the least to <keyword id="11949068" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="carbon-emissions" source="Orion">carbon emissions</keyword>. </li></ul>Tahsin Uddin, a 23-year-old climate activist who lives in the southern city of Barisal in Bangladesh, has already lost one family home to coastal flooding and rising sea levels. Within the next few years, he expects his current home to be submerged under water as well.Uddin is just one of the millions of Bangladeshis and others across the globe facing the brutal consequences of the <keyword id="11896310" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="climate-crisis" source="Orion">climate crisis</keyword>.By 2050, more than 20 million Bangladeshis will be displaced and nearly 20% of the country's land will be underwater because of rising sea levels, a direct impact of the changing climate, according to the<a href="https://www.nrdc.org/onearth/bangladesh-country-underwater-culture-move"> Natural Resources Defense Council,</a> a nonprofit climate advocacy group.Uddin told Insider the impact of those rising sea levels can be seen throughout the country: "I go to different coastal areas. I saw how much people are suffering. They are trying to survive by drinking salty water. Saline water is very dangerous for their health."While the consequences of <keyword id="11896311" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="climate-change" source="Orion">climate change</keyword> are pummeling Bangladesh, it contributes very little to carbon emissions.<div type="image" title="Villagers wade through waist-deep waters to reach their homes in Pratap Nagar that lies in the Shyamnagar region, in Satkhira, Bangladesh on Oct. 5, 2021" height="1333" width="1777" msid="87688716" hostid="261"></div>In 2020, more than <a href="https://www.statista.com/statistics/264699/worldwide-co2-emissions/">34 billion metric tons of carbon (CO2) were emitted</a> worldwide, but the countries that contributed the least to that total are already facing some of the most significant impacts of the climate crisis.A <a href="https://www.unicef.org/media/105376/file/UNICEF-climate-crisis-child-rights-crisis.pdf">UNICEF report</a> published in August found more than 1 billion children, nearly half the world's kids, lived in places with a high risk of <keyword id="12019615" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="extreme-weather" source="Orion">extreme weather</keyword> events. The 33 countries where the climate crisis poses the most risk to children contributed only 9% of global CO2 emissions, while 70% of emissions were attributed to just 10 countries.A <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/srep20281">2016 study</a> found 20 of the 36 highest-emitting countries were among the least vulnerable to the effects of a warming climate, while 11 of the 17 countries with low or moderate emissions were significantly vulnerable.Some of the countries with low emissions per capita that are at a high risk include Bangladesh, India, Philippines, and multiple countries in sub-Saharan Africa, the Caribbean, and South America.They are facing heat waves, water scarcity, coastal flooding, and water-borne disease, among other hazards, which in turn can lead to poor sanitation, lack of food, scarce income, and deteriorating living conditions. Meanwhile, many of the places currently experiencing these effects lack the infrastructure or resources to mitigate them.Experts and climate activists have said that while countries contributing the most need to reduce emissions, poorer countries are in need of immediate funding to address current challenges.<h2>Heat waves have killed thousands in India in recent years</h2>In the summer of 2019, large swaths of India were <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/13/world/asia/india-heat-wave-deaths.html">scorched by temperatures</a> greater than 113 degrees Fahrenheit for nearly three weeks. In some regions, officials closed local schools. Medical authorities <a href="https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/heat-wave-conditions-in-rajasthan-leaves-of-churu-doctors-cancelled-2049388">canceled time off for doctors</a> to ensure hospitals could handle the influx of patients.Four passengers <a href="https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/kerala-express-passengers-dead-heatwave-uttar-pradesh-jhansi-1546733-2019-06-11">fell ill on board an express train</a> that lacked air conditioning, and died by the time the train reached a station in Jhansi, south of New Delhi."Shortly after we left Agra, the heat became unbearable and some people started complaining of breathing problems and uneasiness. Before we could get some help, they collapsed," a passenger told <a href="https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/kerala-express-passengers-dead-heatwave-uttar-pradesh-jhansi-1546733-2019-06-11">India Today</a>.By the end of that summer heat wave, <a href="https://www.indiaspend.com/65-indians-exposed-to-heatwaves-in-may-june-2019-july-2019-was-indias-hottest-ever/">more than 200 people had died</a>. The heat wave of 2015 was far worse, with extreme heat causing the deaths of more than 2,000 people. In the past decade, more than 6,000 people in India have died as a result of excessive heat, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/13/world/asia/india-heat-wave-deaths.html">according to government data</a>.<div type="image" title="In this Thursday, May 30, 2019, file photo, children returning from school walk through a dried pond on a hot summer day on the outskirts of Jammu, India. Many parts of India are experiencing extreme heat conditions." height="3723" width="4964" msid="87688718" hostid="261"></div>"Climate change is leading to more frequent, more intense, and longer heat waves around the world," said Olga Wilhelmi, a scientist at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, adding that the link has been well-documented.An estimated 820 million children, more than a third of kids worldwide, are highly exposed to heat waves, according to the UNICEF report."Extreme heat is probably one of the least appreciated weather hazards, but it's actually one of the more deadly weather hazards in the US and worldwide," Wilhelmi said. "Studies show that in the US, somewhere on average between 600 and 1,800 people die from extreme heat every year, but we don't usually read about that in the news."Health complications of extreme heat can vary from dehydration to heatstroke. Heat waves can also exacerbate cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Groups at a higher risk include older people, children, people with pre-existing conditions, and those who are lower-income and do not have access to air conditioning.Heat waves can also shut down electric grids when they don't have the capacity to handle the increased demand for air conditioning.<h2>Lack of water leads to poverty and hunger </h2>Water scarcity, the lack of adequate access to clean water, is another way people are feeling the climate crisis.While scarcity can be due to institutional failures to deliver water, in many instances it's due to dwindling water sources or growing populations that need more water. More than a third of kids worldwide, 920 million are currently highly exposed to water scarcity. This issue affects kids in various parts of the world including parts of India, South America, Australia, and the Middle East. For example, while parts of India are at extreme risk of scarcity, the country only contributed to 3.14% of overall emissions in 2019. <div type="image" title="Tonchuiwon Tinphei, 34, right, and her sister-in-law Chirmi carry water in baskets and walk home on the eve of World Water Day in Shangshak village, in the northeastern Indian state of Manipur, Saturday, March 21, 2020." height="1333" width="1778" msid="87688720" hostid="261"></div>Greg Pierce, the co-director of the Water Resources Group: Institute of the Environment and Sustainability at UCLA, told Insider the biggest effect could be felt in rural areas. Pierce said rural areas tend to be poorer and have one water source. Residents are usually already walking long distances to get to that water which may not always be clean. Water isn't just needed for drinking, but for producing and selling agriculture. Water is very much tied to livelihoods. "The scarcity issue makes it harder to do agriculture, which is what most rural populations rely on for livelihoods. So, there's a hunger, inability to grow food and inability to earn any money," Pierce told Insider. "That lack of water leads directly to people starving and that is going to become a lot more common, unfortunately again, in many parts of the world."When those resources dry up, residents would be forced to travel even further or move, further straining resources. While many parts of India are dealing with water scarcity, other regions are also experiencing flooding, Pierce said. However, the flooding comes with other complications and doesn't counter the consequences of water scarcity. <h2>Coastal flooding, which destroys property and resources, is already taking a heavy toll in Bangladesh</h2>In Uddin's home of Bangladesh, rising seas and extreme precipitation have inundated communities with flooding in recent years.The village of Bonnotola, once home to more than 2,000 people, has less than 500 residents left, as the flooding and salt water-tainted soil destroyed many people's homes and livelihoods, the <a href="https://apnews.com/article/climate-science-europe-environment-and-nature-bangladesh-0f2a0a0f463523a162901f1beda23c7e">Associated Press</a> reported.One woman from the village of Gabura told AP everyone used to grow food in their backyards, but that salt water flooding has disrupted the once-fertile lands and freshwater that many relied on."We have water everywhere, but we don't have a drop anymore to drink from ponds or wells," she said.Almost every ocean on Earth is experiencing a sea-level rise, according to William Sweet, an oceanographer at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.One in 10 children, or 240 million, are currently exposed to coastal flooding, according to the UNICEF report. Sea-level rise is exacerbated by extreme rainfall events, which are also a consequence of warming."The same heating that's causing oceans to rise, ice caps and ice sheets to melt, and oceans to expand, is also enabling more moisture to be held within the atmosphere," Sweet said, adding that the result is frequent heavy rains. "The combined effect of course is flooding with nowhere for that water to go."While the threat of entire cities being underwater is the most commonly talked about result of rising sea levels, there are many significant issues that arise well before a city or property is actually underwater."It's not when you're underwater, it's when the system fails," Sweet said, adding that flooding can overwhelm infrastructure and destroy roadways, stormwater and wastewater systems, and people's personal property.He said by the time areas are actually underwater, people are already gone by then, driven out by the flooding.<div type="image" title="Bangladeshi flood victim man carrying their houses by boat during flood in Kurigram, Bangladesh on July 27, 2019." height="1333" width="1777" msid="87688722" hostid="261"></div>Coastal flooding creates more problems where water infrastructure is lacking, Pierce told Insider."Flooding doesn't typically increase water supply. It can have a direct impact on water-borne illness, especially because there's poor sanitation in a lot of places and when there's flooding, it gets into wherever the waste is being contained or into the open sewers and spreads," he said. <h2>Diseases are becoming more prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa and South America because of the climate crisis</h2>As temperatures rise, cities flood and water becomes scarce, there's also a rise of waterborne illnesses with an estimated 600 million children currently exposed to diseases like malaria and dengue fever, according to the UNICEF report. The impact can be most immediately felt in countries in sub-Saharan Africa and South America. Martin Muchangi, AMREF water and sanitation specialist based in Kenya, told Insider he studies waterborne illnesses across much of sub-Saharan Africa, and that a vast majority of people are dealing with water scarcity which in turn is driving up waterborne diseases.Muchangi said the issue is twofold: changing temperatures pushing things like mosquitoes into more places and increasing pathogens that cause diarrhea illnesses like cholera and typhoid and the lack of water leading to poor hygiene and diseases like scabies or glaucoma. He told Insider the problem is leading to harming both people and the economy. "So now at the end of the day, if you combine the sum total, you realize that there's major economic loss, there's serious effects to the health, there's serious effects to the thriving of children," he said. <h2>Many countries facing the worst of the climate crisis also have the least resources to address it </h2>While nowhere on earth will escape the effects of the climate crisis, some countries have infrastructure and resources that make them more prepared to respond.Pierce told Insider many of the impacts can be mitigated with robust public health initiatives and proper infrastructure. Water filtration systems, for example, can mitigate the risks of water-borne disease.Muchangi and Uddin told Insider the countries they live and work in, however, don't have the funds they need to address the issues they're facing. In Bangladesh, Uddin said funding is needed to direct towards researching ways to remove salt from saltwater and towards building infrastructure that can withstand flooding, including fortifying schools, hospitals, homes, and other essential buildings. Muchangi said that while finding ways to mitigate the immediate impacts of the changing climate is necessary, limiting CO2 emissions would greatly reduce the burden."If we are able to alleviate climate change itself, then the effects of climate change are going to become lesser and we are going to be able to thrive in a better way," he said.

Countries contributing the least to the climate crisis are feeling the worst of its effects

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"></div></div></div>There are plenty of numbers that differentiate President-elect Donald Trump from Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton.There's 270, the number of electoral votes it took for Trump to be declared the winner of presidential election. There's about 206,000, the number by which Clinton led the popular vote on the evening of November 9.There's also 3.4 billion, the number of additional tons of carbon dioxide that emerging technology research firm <a href="http://www.luxresearchinc.com/news-and-events/press-releases/read/trump-presidency-could-mean-34-billion-tons-more-us-carbon">Lux Research expects the US to emit</a> after two terms of a Trump presidency, compared to a theoretical two-term Clinton administration.That's a disconcerting amount of CO2, as meteorologist Eric Holthaus said on <a href="https://twitter.com/ericholthaus/status/796405832841707520?refsrc=email&amp;s=11">Twitter</a> after the election.&#xa0;<div></div>Granted, we don't know that a Trump administration will follow up on every climate-related policy that was mentioned during the campaign. But analysts from Lux, an independent research agency, say that if Trump follows through on cancelling Obama's Clean Power Plan and on backing out of the Paris agreement, we can expect some drastic changes."As independent analysts, we don't endorse candidates, but the data and analysis clearly show that energy policy and the resulting emissions will go in very different directions under Clinton and Trump," Yuan-Sheng Yu, a Lux Research analyst, <a href="http://www.luxresearchinc.com/news-and-events/press-releases/read/trump-presidency-could-mean-34-billion-tons-more-us-carbon">said in a press release</a>.Already, there are indications that <a href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/trump-picks-top-climate-skeptic-to-lead-epa-transition/">Trump plans to nominate controversial climate skeptic</a> Myron Ebell to lead his transition plans for the Environmental Protection Agency.Still, as <a href="http://dotearth.blogs.nytimes.com/2016/11/09/prospects-for-the-environment-and-environmentalism-under-president-trump/?smid=tw-share&amp;_r=1">Andrew Revkin writes over at The New York Times</a>, much of what affects global climate at this point is out of the hands of individual politicians - market trends towards cleaner energy will continue, and at some point, devastating air quality and "other fundamental forces will continue <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/16/world/asia/chinese-premier-li-keqiang-vows-tougher-regulation-on-air-pollution.html">to drive polluted China</a> and <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/08/world/asia/india-delhi-smog.html">smog-choked India</a> to move away from unfettered coal combustion as a path to progress."But there's a lot of work to be done for anyone who thinks a potential 3.4 billion tons of additional CO2 in the atmosphere from the US is too much. <div class="margin-top"> <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/defrost-chicken-freezer-food-thaw-kitchen-safely-tips-2016-10">You're probably defrosting your food all wrong - here are 4 ways to do it safely</a></h3> <div> <div> <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="VtZWF3NjE62zFoMgKgm1ow66KliX36ZB" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div> </div> </div> </div>

A Trump presidency means billions more tons of CO2 could be released into the atmosphere

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"></div></div></div>In a serendipitous accident,&#xa0;scientists in Tennessee <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t7EYQLOlwDM">claim</a> they have converted&#xa0;carbon dioxide into ethanol.The researchers, who work at the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory, developed a process that adds "nano-spikes" (essentially tiny bursts) of carbon and copper to CO2 to transform it into ethanol, the type of alcohol found in hand sanitizer and alcoholic drinks.&#xa0;Ethanol can also be turned into fuel (gasoline in Brazil already contains <a href="http://www.reuters.com/article/brazil-ethanol-blend-idUSL1N0VC0X120150202" target="_blank">more than 25%</a> ethanol), which is why the scientists are calling the discovery a "twist to waste-to-fuel technology."&#xa0;<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"></div></div></div>"We discovered somewhat by accident that this material worked,"&#xa0;ORNL's Adam Rondinone, lead author of the team's study, <a href="https://www.ornl.gov/news/nano-spike-catalysts-convert-carbon-dioxide-directly-ethanol">said</a>&#xa0;in a press release. "We were trying to study the first step of a proposed reaction when we realized that the catalyst was doing the entire reaction on its own."The team's experiment was meant to be one part of a longer research project investigating how&#xa0;to turn CO2 into ethanol; the researchers figured the process&#xa0;would require multiple steps and complicated chemical reactions. But&#xa0;it turned out to be a lot easier than they thought: they only needed a single catalyst (copper) to transform the CO2.The discovery is a major breakthrough, considering the process turns&#xa0;carbon dioxide - <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/carbon-dioxide-global-warming-antarctica-records-2016-6">one of the leading air pollutants</a>&#xa0;contributing to&#xa0;climate change&#xa0;- into fuel, which in turn&#xa0;<a href="http://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id=307&amp;t=11">generates more CO2</a>&#xa0;that could be turned back into more fuel. (Burning a gallon of diesel fuel produces&#xa0;about <a href="http://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id=307&amp;t=11">22 pounds</a> of CO2.) If&#xa0;the&#xa0;technology becomes&#xa0;cost-efficient and widely available, it could provide a new&#xa0;carbon-neutral alternative to fossil fuel production. There's no word yet on whether&#xa0;the discovery will leave the lab, however.Watch the scientists explain below:<div></div> <div class="margin-top"> <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/ucla-scientists-carbon-dioxide-concrete-2016-3">Scientists have figured out how to turn carbon dioxide into concrete</a></h3> <div> <div> <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="FtZnBhMjE6LqeJygywsHMob6HNB73iuv" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div> </div> </div> </div>

Scientists just accidentally figured out how to turn CO2 into fuel in a breakthrough study

<ul class="summary-list"><li>An energy shortage has cut the supply of CO2 in the <keyword id="11897975" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="uk" source="Orion">UK</keyword> - an essential element in meat production. </li><li>Industry bosses are warning this may mean a winter shortage of poultry, causing <keyword id="12030580" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="christmas" source="Orion">Christmas</keyword> to be ruined.</li><li>It is the latest of several shortages in the UK, including beer and medical equipment. </li></ul>Britain is facing a severe shortage of CO2, a vital component in meat production, industry leaders are warning.The gas is used to slaughter farm animals by making them lose consciousness. It is also used to package meat products to extend shelf life. The shortage faced in the UK - attributed to high gas prices - could potentially "cancel Christmas," the head of a major poultry manufacturer said. The shortage is caused by the closure of two fertilizer plants in the UK - which produce CO2 as a byproduct - crippled by an energy shortage and high gas prices hitting the UK, <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/business/2021/sep/18/uk-carbon-dioxide-shortage-could-cancel-christmas-warns-top-turkey-supplier">the Guardian reported.</a>The energy shortages compounded by labor issues, partly linked to Brexit and the lack of foreign workers, could spiral into the festive period, said the owner of Bernard Matthews and 2 Sisters Food Group, a major turkey company"There are less than 100 days left until Christmas and Bernard Matthews and my other poultry businesses are working harder than ever before to try and recruit people to maintain food supplies," Ranjit Singh Boparan <a href="https://news.sky.com/story/co2-shortage-may-cancel-christmas-major-poultry-supplier-warns-12411874">told Sky News. </a>"The supply of Bernard Matthews turkeys this Christmas was already compromised as I need to find 1,000 extra workers to process supplies. Now with no CO2 supply, Christmas will be canceled."Without CO2, the bottom line is there is less throughout and with our sector is already compromised with lack of labor, this potentially tips us over the edge," said Boparan.Ian Wright, the chief executive of the UK Food and Drink Federation, warned that without rapid government intervention on the price of gas, the impact would be felt in two weeks, the <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-58615356">BBC reported.</a>"And of course, that's concerning because we're beginning to get into the pre-Christmas supply period when warehouses begin to pick up, build up their stocks, ready for the push to Christmas a few weeks later," said Wright.Britain's looming shortage crisis threatens empty shelves in supermarkets, empty beer barrels in pubs, and even <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/englands-health-service-is-running-out-of-blood-test-tubes-2021-9?r=US&amp;IR=TIR=T">a shortage of blood test tubes</a>. A Defra spokesperson said to <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/business/2021/sep/18/uk-carbon-dioxide-shortage-could-cancel-christmas-warns-top-turkey-supplier">The Guardian</a>: "We are aware of the issues faced by some businesses and are working closely with industry to provide support and advice. We have had extensive meetings with representatives from the meat production and processing sectors, and we are continuing those conversations over the weekend."The UK benefits from having access to highly diverse sources of gas supply to ensure households, businesses and heavy industry get the energy they need at a fair price."

You Searched For "CO2" and got 13 results

Despite global emissions falling 7% in 2020, carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is at its highest level in modern history

Matty Merritt, Morning Brew

CO2 emissions from building and construction hits a new high: Report

IANS

Elon Musk is giving away $100 million over 4 years in a competition to suck CO2 out of the atmosphere

Isobel Asher Hamilton

The Amazon rainforest is emitting more CO2 than it absorbs in some areas, according to a new study

Kelly McLaughlin

Ford said its European car lineup would be all-electric by 2030, in a bid to lower CO2 emissions and avoid fossil fuel bans

Kate Duffy,Reuters

US CO2 Emissions Per Capita Are At Their Lowest Levels In 50 Years

Rob Wile

How Carbon Capture Technology Can Almost Turn CO2 Into Cash

Rob Wile

NASA's Perseverance rover just turned CO2 into oxygen. The technology could help astronauts breathe on Mars.

Morgan McFall-Johnsen

Amazing Supercomputer Animation Shows How CO2 In The Atmosphere Travels Around The Globe

Countries contributing the least to the climate crisis are feeling the worst of its effects

Sarah Al-Arshani,Kelsey Vlamis

A Trump presidency means billions more tons of CO2 could be released into the atmosphere

Kevin Loria

Scientists just accidentally figured out how to turn CO2 into fuel in a breakthrough study

Leanna Garfield

A shortage of CO2 gas in the UK could cause Christmas to be 'canceled,' warns industry boss

Bethany Dawson

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