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A day after <keyword id="22674746" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Sheikh-Hasina-resigned" source="keywords">Sheikh Hasina resigned</keyword> as Prime Minister of Bangladesh and left the country, <keyword id="22688217" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="President-Mohammed-Shahabuddin" source="keywords">President Mohammed Shahabuddin</keyword> on Tuesday, announced the dissolution of the country's parliament to make way for the formation of an interim administration, Dhaka Tribune reported. Based on the decision from a meeting of President Shahabuddin with the heads of the three armed forces, leaders of various political parties, representatives of civil society, and leaders of the Students Against Discrimination movement, the national parliament was dissolved, a press release from the president's office stated. It further said that Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) Chairperson Khaleda Zia has been released from jail. The statement said that the process of releasing those detained in the student movement and various cases from July 1 to August 5 has begun, with many already being freed. Earlier in the day, BNP chairperson and former Prime Minister Khaleda Zia was also released. In a statement on Monday, the president's press team said that a meeting led by Shahabuddin had "decided unanimously" to free Begum Khaleda Zia immediately. "The meeting has also decided to free all the people who have been arrested during the student protests," the president's statement added. Zia, 78, a former Bangladeshi prime minister, is confined to a hospital due to poor health. In 2018, she was found guilty of corruption and given a 17-year prison sentence. She and Hasina had a long-standing feud and she was accused of abusing her position of authority by stealing almost USD250,000 in donations intended for a trust for an orphanage, according to Al Jazeera. The BNP has claimed that the cases were made up to prevent Zia from entering politics; Hasina's administration, however, refuted these claims. Bangladesh is facing a fluid political situation with Sheikh Hasina, on August 5, tendering her resignation from her post in the wake of mounting protests. The protests, led majorly by students demanding an end to a quota system for government jobs, took the shape of anti-government protests. Hasina arrived in India on Monday evening and it is not clear if she will stay in Delhi or move to another location. Meanwhile, in Dhaka, leaders of the Anti-Discrimination Student Movement have proposed an interim government led by Nobel Laureate Muhammad Yunus, in a bid to address Bangladesh's ongoing challenge. SEE ALSO:<a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/stock-market/webstories/unicommerce-esolutions-ipo-price-band-to-risk-factors-all-you-need-to-know/slidelist/112307438.cms" target="_blank"></a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/stock-market/webstories/unicommerce-esolutions-ipo-price-band-to-risk-factors-all-you-need-to-know/slidelist/112307438.cms" target="_blank">Unicommerce eSolutions IPO – Price band to risk factors, all you need to know</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/auto/news/electric-two-wheeler-sales-cross-the-1-lakh-mark-after-four-months-ola-electric-leads-the-market/articleshow/112288793.cms" target="_blank"></a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/auto/news/electric-two-wheeler-sales-cross-the-1-lakh-mark-after-four-months-ola-electric-leads-the-market/articleshow/112288793.cms" target="_blank">Electric two-wheeler sales cross the 1 lakh mark after four months, Ola Electric leads the market</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/sports/news/neeraj-chopras-paris-olympics-journey-to-begin-with-qualification-round-today-top-rivals-to-look-out-for/articleshow/112311760.cms">Neeraj Chopra qualifies for finals with a first throw of 89.34m – top rivals to look out for</a>

Bangladesh Parliament dissolved ahead of interim government formation

Dhaka: <keyword id="22693486" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="Nobel-Laureate-Muhammad-Yunus" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="Nobel Laureate Muhammad Yunus" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="Nobel Laureate Muhammad Yunus">Nobel laureate Muhammad Yunus</keyword> has been appointed as the head of Bangladesh's interim government, Dhaka Tribune reported. Bangladesh President's Press Secretary Joynal Abedin made the announcement. The decision regarding the appointment of Bangladesh's interim government head was made during a meeting between President <keyword id="20690965" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="shahabuddin" source="keywords">Shahabuddin</keyword> and the coordinators of the Anti-Discrimination Student Movement. Joynal Abedin said that the remaining members of the interim government will be finalised after talks with various political parties, according to the Dhaka Tribune report. Earlier, a 13-member team from the Anti-Discrimination Student Movement traveled to Bangabhaban to discuss Bangladesh's current situation and the outline of the interim government, Dhaka Tribune reported. They traveled to Bangabhaban on Tuesday at 6 pm (local time) to call on the President and the chiefs of the three armed forces. Bangladesh is facing a fluid political situation with <keyword id="20024637" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="sheikh-hasina" source="keywords">Sheikh Hasina</keyword> tendering her resignation from her post in the wake of mounting protests on August 5. The protests, led mainly by students demanding an end to the quota system for government jobs, evolved into anti-government demonstrations. A day after <keyword id="22674746" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Sheikh-Hasina-resigned" source="keywords">Sheikh Hasina resigned</keyword> as Prime Minister of Bangladesh and left the country, <keyword id="22688217" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="President-Mohammed-Shahabuddin" source="keywords">President Mohammed Shahabuddin</keyword> announced the dissolution of the country's parliament to make way for the formation of an interim administration, Dhaka Tribune reported. Based on the decision from a meeting of President Shahabuddin with the heads of the three armed forces, leaders of various political parties, representatives of civil society, and leaders of the Students Against Discrimination movement, the national parliament was dissolved, a press release from the president's office stated. It further said that Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) Chairperson <keyword id="20053913" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="khaleda-zia" source="keywords">Khaleda Zia</keyword> has been released from jail. The statement said that the process of releasing those detained in the student movement and various cases from July 1 to August 5 has begun, with many already being freed. In a statement on Monday, the president's press team said that a meeting led by Shahabuddin had "decided unanimously" to free Khaleda Zia immediately. "The meeting has also decided to free all the people who have been arrested during the <keyword id="21440425" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="student-protests" source="keywords">student protests</keyword>," the president's statement added.

Nobel laureate Muhammad Yunus appointed as Bangladesh interim government's head

<keyword id="19936600" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Dhaka" source="keywords">Dhaka</keyword>: Several residents across Bangladesh spent a sleepless night as they gathered in groups to guard the streets amid fears of robbery and <keyword id="20721949" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="looting" source="keywords">looting</keyword> by criminals in the violence-hit country, where an <keyword id="21030472" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="interim-government" source="keywords">interim government</keyword> headed by Nobel laureate <keyword id="20024384" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Muhammad-Yunus" source="keywords">Muhammad Yunus</keyword> is all set to take oath on Thursday. <keyword id="20083313" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="security-concerns" source="keywords">Security concerns</keyword> have gripped the country since Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina's ouster on Monday as police observed a work abstention, citing fears for their safety amid reports of deadly attacks on security personnel. The Yunus-led interim government - appointed by President Mohammed Shahabuddin who had dissolved the parliament - is set to take oath in the evening after weeks of tumultuous <keyword id="21440425" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="student-protests" source="keywords">student protests</keyword> that forced Hasina to resign and flee the country. The chaos and fear created by the deadly protests remained. Gangs of criminals have been looting and robbing homes in the absence of law enforcers over the last two days. Many residents spent a sleepless night on Wednesday amid fears of robbery and looting. From one end of Dhaka to another, particularly Uttara to Mohammadpur, people were concerned about their safety. Facebook users were posting in different groups and streaming live. Residents in many areas, including in Uttara and Mohammadpur, formed neighbourhood watch groups to stand guard, bdnews24.com news portal reported. Nazvi Islam, a part-time teacher at Dhaka University and resident of Mohammadpur's Bosila, said that robbers had terrorised the area on Tuesday night. Mosques were regularly making announcements, asking everyone to remain on alert. On Wednesday night, residents gathered in groups to guard the streets with sticks and bats. Hundreds of students from the local madrasa also came to guard the area. After standing watch all night, they returned home in the morning. The students divided themselves into small groups and guarded the government buildings and public properties. Zakirul Islam, a resident of Chanmia Housing in Mohammadpur, said guards were posted at the gates to the housing area on Wednesday night, but residents still could not sleep due to fear. Abir Hossain, a resident of Mirpur-14, where many government officials live, says that everyone panicked when news spread that robbers had entered their housing complex. "Last night, a group of people carrying local weapons came and attacked a neighbouring house. They forcefully opened the main gate and looted cash and jewellery," The Daily Star newspaper quoted a resident of the Naboday Housing area as saying. Many Facebook users posted or live-streamed videos of robbers attacking a building in the ECB Chattar area adjacent to the Mirpur cantonment. Sounds of Army patron sirens could be heard in the videos. People posted on Facebook about the attacks and robberies throughout the night. Many have questioned where so many robbers had sprung up from. Most ATMs were out of cash and even many bank branches were running low on cash as the money supply had been disrupted due to inadequate security, The Daily Star reported, citing bankers. "Overall, I visited almost 10 booths but failed to withdraw a single penny. Either they had run out of money or restricted the use of ATM cards issued by other banks," Nasir Hossain, a resident of the capital's Dhanmondi area, was quoted as saying by the paper. Managing Director of Pubali Bank Mohammad Ali said although there is no cash crisis in the banking sector, they have been unable to deliver money to booths and branches as security companies that transport money have halted services. "The security agencies that carry our cash told us that they will not provide services in the current situation," he said. Hence, banks are struggling to supply money, especially to remote branches and booths, he added. Meanwhile, political parties in the country discussed the structure of the interim Cabinet. The anti-discrimination student movement has reportedly prepared a list of 15 names in the interim government. The list will be finalised after discussions with Yunus after he returns home on Thursday. According to multiple sources in the Bangladesh Nationalist Party, the leaders of the student movement met BNP Secretary General Mirza Fakhrul Islam Alamgir yesterday and discussed the list. The anti-discrimination student movement has formed a liaison committee to discuss the list with various parties.

Bangladesh protests: Bangladeshis spend sleepless night amid fears of robbery and looting

New Delhi: The Indian garment and knitted fabric sector is witnessing a bit of uncertainty due to the <keyword id="22498521" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Bangladesh-crisis" source="keywords">Bangladesh crisis</keyword>, Finance Minister <keyword id="19916618" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="Nirmala-Sitharaman" source="keywords">Nirmala Sitharaman</keyword> said on Saturday, expressing hope that the interim government there will settle things "sooner rather than later." Interacting with the media on the sidelines of customary post Budget address to the central board of <keyword id="19899810" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Reserve-Bank-of-India" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="Reserve Bank of India" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="Reserve Bank of India">Reserve Bank of India</keyword>, she said efforts are being taken to ensure that borders with the neighbouring country are safe. With regard to Indian investments, she said, the textile industry particularly from Tamil Nadu has made investments there in good faith and they have done well having gone there. "The exports from <keyword id="19919639" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="bangladesh" source="keywords">Bangladesh</keyword> also increased because of the duty and quota liberal approach that we have towards low-income countries. They (Indian garment industry based in Bangladesh) could even export to India." Particularly, she said, the garment and knitted fabric sector is seeing a bit of uncertainty because of the crisis in the neighbouring country. "I hope that the investments are all safe... it's too early for me to see what kind of an impact this situation in Bangladesh will have on our economy. I hope that the interim government will settle things sooner rather than later so that both the people of Bangladesh and India can get back to normalcy," she said. Earlier this week, Bangladesh plunged into a political crisis when Sheikh Hasina resigned as the Prime Minister and fled the country. Soon after Parliament was dissolved leading to the creation of an interim government. The 84-year-old Nobel laureate Muhammad Yunus on Thursday took oath as the head of an interim government, replacing Sheikh Hasina who abruptly resigned and fled to India leaving the country in turmoil following deadly protests against her government over a controversial quota system in jobs. On Friday, Bangladesh's interim leader Yunus announced the portfolios of his 16-member council of advisors and named a former top diplomat to head the foreign ministry. The Nobel laureate's first task is to bring stability to Bangladesh after he responded to a call by student protesters for him to temporarily lead the country following weeks of deadly anti-government demonstrations against the government led by Sheikh Hasina.

Garment sector facing uncertainty due to Bangladesh crisis, normalcy may return soon: FM Nirmala Sitharaman

<keyword id="19936600" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Dhaka" source="keywords">Dhaka</keyword>: A top police official in <keyword id="19919639" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="bangladesh" source="keywords">Bangladesh</keyword> has called on every member of the police force to resume their duties gradually and maintain <keyword id="20384229" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="public-safety" source="keywords">public safety</keyword> and law and order amidst reports of attacks on the law enforcement authorities in the violence-hit nation. Additional Inspector General of Police (AIG) A.K.M. Shahidur Rahman, who was appointed as the focal person of the <keyword id="20089848" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="Bangladesh-police" source="keywords">Bangladesh Police</keyword> on Tuesday to handle the current crisis, asked his force to ignore rumours. "The police are friends of the people and work for the public. We cannot imagine a society without the police. Therefore, I request our police members once again to ignore rumours and return to their duties in a phased manner, ensuring that security arrangements are properly in place," he said, emphasising the crucial role of the police in maintaining public safety. Most <keyword id="20117995" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="police-stations" source="keywords">police stations</keyword> in the country, including the capital Dhaka, currently have no police personnel present, the Dhaka Tribune reported. Multiple police officers have reported that over four hundred police stations across the country have experienced attacks, vandalism, arson, and looting. In this situation, no one feels safe staying in their respective stations or offices, leading everyone to seek safe shelters. A police headquarters official mentioned that the police have not faced such a situation since 1971, the report said. In many places, clashes broke out between the police and agitated mobs. Consequently, law enforcement officers vacated various stations overnight. After the attack on the police headquarters on Monday night, senior officials were evacuated to safety by helicopter. Many climbed over walls to escape the headquarters. Law enforcement broke down in Bangladesh after the fall of the Sheikh Hasina government on Monday, with police absent from their duty to keep law and order or manage traffic, the Dhaka Tribune newspaper reported on Tuesday. Since Monday afternoon, the police presence in urban areas dwindled, and by Tuesday, the breakdown of the police system was evident throughout the country. Attacks on police stations and facilities across the country, resulting in numerous police casualties, have led to this unprecedented situation, the newspaper reported. As the army took charge following Hasina's ouster and the death toll in the violence in which temples were also attacked rose to 440, President Mohammed Shahabuddin dissolved Parliament on Tuesday and appointed 84-year-old Nobel laureate Mohammad Yunus as the head of an upcoming interim government. Meanwhile, the readymade garment (RMG) and textile factories across the country will reopen on Wednesday, the paper said. Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association (BGMEA), the apex trade body of the country's RMG manufacturers, urged its members to open their factories on Wednesday. BGMEA Director Mohiuddin Rubel, a participant at the meeting, told the paper that they were going to reopen their factories for the betterment of the country's economy and workers. In a separate statement, Sulov Chowdhury, CEO of the Bangladesh Knitwear Manufacturers and Exporters Association (BKMEA), urged its members to reopen their factories as there is an announcement to keep industrial units open in the present context. However, considering the current situation, he also urged the BKMEA member factories to ensure the overall safety of the factories, along with their workers.

Bangladesh's top police official urges policemen to resume their duties and maintain public safety

<keyword id="19931890" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Nobel-laureate" source="keywords">Nobel laureate</keyword> <keyword id="20024384" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Muhammad-Yunus" source="keywords">Muhammad Yunus</keyword> on Thursday returned to <keyword id="19919639" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Bangladesh" source="keywords">Bangladesh</keyword> from <keyword id="19916613" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Paris" source="keywords">Paris</keyword> to take oath as the head of Bangladesh's <keyword id="21030472" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="interim-government" source="keywords">interim government</keyword>, three days after <keyword id="20024637" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Sheikh-Hasina" source="keywords">Sheikh Hasina</keyword> resigned as Prime Minister and fled the country following widespread protests against her regime. Yunus, 84, who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2006 for his pioneering work on microlending, was designated head of the interim government after President Mohammed Shahabuddin dissolved parliament on Tuesday. Yunus was in Paris for the Olympic Games. He returned to the country via Dubai. An Emirates flight (EK-582) carrying Yunus landed at Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport at 2:10pm local time. Army chief General Waker-Uz-Zaman, senior officials, student leaders and civil society members welcomed him at the airport. He will go directly to Bangabhaban, the Prime Minister's official residence. This interim government will lead the country for a certain period and oversee the election to transition power to an elected government. President Mohammed Shahabuddin will administer the oath of office to the new government. The Army chief on Wednesday said the oath-taking ceremony will likely be held in the evening in the presence of some 400 dignitaries. He hinted that the interim government may have 15 members for now. He, however, did not disclose their names and the possible tenure of the government. The Army chief hoped that normalcy would return within three to four days as the situation across the country is improving significantly. Yunus, whose name was first proposed for the top job by the coordinators of the student movement that led to Hasina's ouster, on Wednesday congratulated the "brave students" who took the lead in making, what he said, "our Second Victory Day possible", and appealed to all students, political parties and non-political people to stay calm. "Let us not miss the chance by going into any senseless violence. Violence is our enemy. Please don't create more enemies. Be calm and get ready to build the country," he said in a statement. "If we take the path of violence everything will be destroyed. Please stay calm. Help those around you to stay calm." His successful anti-poverty campaign through the Grameen Bank became a model which was replicated across continents. He had been in a protracted row with Hasina's government due to obscure reasons while authorities initiated a series of investigations against him after she came to power in 2008. Bangladesh authorities launched a review of the statutory Grameen Bank's activities in 2011 and fired Yunus as its founding managing director on charges of violating the government retirement regulation. Yunus was charged under dozens of cases during Hasina's regime. In January, a court sentenced Yunus to six months in jail on charges of labour law violation. Many people believe Hasina became enraged when Yunus announced that he would form a political party in 2007 when a military-backed government ran the country and Hasina was in prison. 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Nobel laureate Muhammad Yunus returns to Bangladesh from Paris to take charge of interim government

Union Home Minister Amit Shah to table the Citizenship Amendment Bill 2019 in the Lok Sabha today (December 9, 2019). The Citizenship (Amendment) Bill (CAB) seeks to grant Indian citizenship to non-Muslim refugees from Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan escaping religious persecution there. Here's what Citizenshil Bill means and what are challenges it poses: What is the citizenship bill? As per PRS legislative, an independent research institute. the bill amends the Citizenship Act of 1955 to add a religious angle. In its new avatar, the citizenship bill makes illegal migrants who are Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis and Christians from ⁠— Afghanistan, Bangladesh, and Pakistan ---eligible for citizenship. To be able to benefit from it, the applicant must have resided in India during the last 12 months and for 11 of the previous 14 years. For the applicants of the above mentioned six religions from three countries, the bill relaxes the 11 year requirement to six. Why was this bill being opposed? This bill which was brought to the fore in 2016 had sparked protests from many groups for picking and choosing the religion of the people who would be eligible for citizenship. PRS says that this Bill could violate Article 14 of the Indian Constitution which guarantees the right to equality. “The Bill allows cancellation of Original Citizens of India (OCI) registration for violation of any law. This is a wide ground that may cover a range of violations, including minor offences (eg. parking in a no parking zone),” said PRS. Added to that, Muslims, Jews and atheists have been left out of the bill which goes on to include only those religions who are in minority in the three countries in question. Many debaters have pointed out that Muslims are a minority in Nepal and Sri Lanka, and the amendment excludes them. The government had claimed that the Bill is for the greater good of the country, and offers sanctuary to asylum seekers. “There are some decisions that are acceptable to some, not acceptable to others. The BJP has thought deeply about the Citizenship Amendment Bill before bringing it. We cannot leave a large swathe of people fleeing persecution hanging in mid-air. We believe that the Bill is necessary for the country,” Amit Shah, the home minister of India told earlier this year, as agitations against the Bill were<a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/citizenship-bill-necessary-says-amit-shah/article26168945.ece"> at the zenith.</a> Who has agitated against the bill? Though protests and marches against the bill were organized all over the country, civil groups of Assam, Meghalaya and Arunachal Pradesh have been vehemently against it. The new bill violates the Assam Accord, 1985 — which led to deportation of illegal immigrants in the state regardless of their religion, many debaters had said. Families of around 855 martyrs of the anti-foreigners Assam Agitation of 1979-1985 had returned the citation that the government had given them in 2016. “India is a democracy, though people have the right to voice their ideas and demands, such actions are not appreciated in society,” said Assam<a href="https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/assam-admits-protests-over-citizenship-bill-a-challenge-calls-for-calm-1987411"> Chief Secretary Alok Kumar</a>. The controversial bill coupled with National Register of Citizens (NRC) might alter the composition of many states in the country--especially the North-East which is known to harbour maximum illegal immigrants. What next? After the approval of the Union cabinet, the bill will be tabled in the Parliament next week. The bill was passed by the lower house of the last winter session had lapsed as it awaited the upper house to pass it-- and lapsed as the government was dissolved. The Union defence minister <a href="https://www.livemint.com/news/india/union-cabinet-gives-green-signal-to-citizenship-amendment-bill-11575437696107.html">is known to </a>have asked all the MPs against absenteeism in both the houses as it is tabled. As Amit Shah tables the bill, the opposition is expected to disrupt the session, and the ruling BJP is leaving no stone unturned to ensure that it gets the green signal this time around.

What is Citizenship Bill and what are challenges it poses

The union cabinet today passed the Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, <keyword id="54707" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="2016">2016</keyword> which legitimises illegal immigrants of certain religions. This attempt to sieve immigrants on the basis of religion resulted in protests and debates on the Narendra Modi-led government. What is the <keyword id="452568" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Citizenship-bill">citizenship bill</keyword>? As per PRS legislative, an independent research institute. the bill amends the Citizenship Act of 1955 to add a religious angle. In its new avatar, the citizenship bill makes illegal migrants who are Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis and Christians from ⁠— Afghanistan, Bangladesh, and Pakistan --- eligible for citizenship. To be able to benefit from it, the applicant must have resided in India during the last 12 months and for 11 of the previous 14 years. For the applicants of the above mentioned six religions from three countries, the bill relaxes the 11 year requirement to six. Why was this bill being opposed? This bill which was brought to the fore in 2016 had sparked protests from many groups for picking and choosing the religion of the people who would be eligible for citizenship. PRS says that this Bill could violate Article 14 of the Indian Constitution which guarantees the right to equality. “The Bill allows cancellation of Original Citizens of India (OCI) registration for violation of any law. This is a wide ground that may cover a range of violations, including minor offences (eg. parking in a no parking zone),” said PRS. Added to that, Muslims, Jews and atheists have been left out of the bill which goes on to include only those religions who are in minority in the three countries in question. Many debaters have pointed out that Muslims are a minority in Nepal and Sri Lanka, and the amendment excludes them. The government had claimed that the Bill is for the greater good of the country, and offers sanctuary to asylum seekers. “There are some decisions that are acceptable to some, not acceptable to others. The BJP has thought deeply about the <keyword id="1814045" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Citizenship-Amendment-Bill">Citizenship Amendment Bill</keyword> before bringing it. We cannot leave a large swathe of people fleeing persecution hanging in mid-air. We believe that the Bill is necessary for the country,” Amit Shah, the home minister of India told earlier this year, as agitations against the Bill were<a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/citizenship-bill-necessary-says-amit-shah/article26168945.ece"> at the zenith.</a> Who has agitated against the bill? Though protests and marches against the bill were organized all over the country, civil groups of Assam, Meghalaya and Arunachal Pradesh have been vehemently against it. The new bill violates the Assam Accord, 1985 — which led to deportation of illegal immigrants in the state regardless of their religion, many debaters had said. Families of around 855 martyrs of the anti-foreigners Assam Agitation of 1979-1985 had returned the citation that the government had given them in 2016. “India is a democracy, though people have the right to voice their ideas and demands, such actions are not appreciated in society,” said Assam<a href="https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/assam-admits-protests-over-citizenship-bill-a-challenge-calls-for-calm-1987411"> Chief Secretary Alok Kumar</a>. The controversial bill coupled with National Register of Citizens (NRC) might alter the composition of many states in the country--especially the North-East which is known to harbour maximum illegal immigrants. What next? After the approval of the Union cabinet, the bill will be tabled in the Parliament next week. The bill was passed by the lower house of the last winter session had lapsed as it awaited the upper house to pass it-- and lapsed as the government was dissolved. The Union defence minister <a href="https://www.livemint.com/news/india/union-cabinet-gives-green-signal-to-citizenship-amendment-bill-11575437696107.html">is known to </a>have asked all the MPs against absenteeism in both the houses as it is tabled. As Amit Shah tables the bill, the opposition is expected to disrupt the session, and the ruling BJP is leaving no stone unturned to ensure that it gets the green signal this time around.

What is citizenship bill and how does it affect religious freedom in India?

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image">REUTERS/ Mark BlinchRob Ford.</div></div></div>Rob Ford, the embattled former mayor and city councilor from Toronto, <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/former-toronto-mayor-rob-ford-dead-2016-3">died on Tuesday</a> morning at the age 46 after a protracted battle with a rare form of cancer. Before gaining international notoriety for his <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/video-rob-ford-2014-4">crack usage</a> and often <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QB1dJeMtb08">volatile behavior</a>, Ford upended a staid political establishment and dominated the political conversation in Toronto.His election personified the divide between the Toronto most Americans know of - a dense, progressive urban core - with suburban Toronto, the kind of diverse, blue-collar place where you'd find a mosque right next to a drive-thru Tim Hortons (the Dunkin' Donuts of Canada). Ford - a conservative and bombastic populist - somehow led the largest, most diverse city in Canada for four wild years. Ford seemed similar to Donald Trump; in many ways, he was. So how did Toronto, a city known for its left-leaning <keyword id="6358883" type="PERSON" weightage="100" keywordseo="Politics">politics</keyword>, elect a mayor like Rob Ford?<h2>The creation of a megacity </h2>The story starts in 1998.The suburban area Ford lived in wasn't always part of the city of Toronto.The five major suburban districts surrounding the city's core, including Ford's Etobicoke, were governed by their own individual city councils. In 1998, Ontario's government amalgamated, or combined, the five suburban districts with the city's core, creating the "<a href="https://beta.thestar.com/news/2008/01/01/amalgamation_10_years_later.html">megacity</a>" of today. The suburban city governments were dissolved and folded into one large city, in a process not unlike the amalgamation of New York's five boroughs in 1898.Anti-amalgamation groups feared their taxes would rise, and that they'd be less connected to their municipal government as it moved downtown, reports the <a href="https://beta.thestar.com/news/2008/01/01/amalgamation_10_years_later.html">Toronto Star</a>'s Royson James. Michael Prue, the last mayor of East York (one of the suburbs), called amalgamation "a disaster," per the <a href="https://beta.thestar.com/news/2008/01/01/amalgamation_10_years_later.html">Star</a>. And not everyone in the old core of Toronto liked it either."It's been a real body blow to the city," John Sewell, a former mayor of Toronto told the Toronto Star. "I fear for the city's future."And in some ways, Sewell's fear was prescient: Just two years later, Ford was elected mayor. People in the suburbs resented that their tax dollars went to things like bike lanes and public transportation for the downtown core post-amalgamation. Ford harnessed that anger expertly. It was the lingering resentment over amalgamation that led to Ford's rise. <h2>The Canadian Kennedys </h2>Ford was born in Etobicoke, Ontario in 1969. His late father, Doug Ford Sr., established a label-making business, <a href="http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/toronto/assessing-the-financial-affairs-of-average-guy-mayor-rob-ford/article15574327/">Deco</a>. Ford liked to tout how he was just an "<a href="http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/toronto/assessing-the-financial-affairs-of-average-guy-mayor-rob-ford/article15574327/">average guy</a>," but a Globe and Mail investigation into his background revealed otherwise.When Doug Sr., died, he left his children a sizeable inheritance. The Globe found the Ford family's real estate holdings to be worth upwards of <a href="http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/toronto/assessing-the-financial-affairs-of-average-guy-mayor-rob-ford/article15574327/">$10 million</a>. <div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image">REUTERS/Aaron HarrisToronto's Chief Budget Officer Councillor Frank Di Giorgio (L) shares a moment with Toronto Mayor Rob Ford during a budget meeting at City Hall in Toronto, January 30, 2014.</div></div></div>Doug Sr. represented Etobicoke (pronounced EE-tow-buh-coe) as a member of Ontario's parliament during the late 1990s, and he had huge ambitions for his family. The Fords began referring to themselves as the "<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tlC4AQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT56&amp;lpg=PT56&amp;dq=the+gatekeepers+of+etobicoke+john+tory&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=7U_H6wHYyN&amp;sig=z-MxzyujO49ko2y-mdhlhuV7-do&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0ahUKEwjphd-KitXLAhVBMSYKHV9zBe8Q6AEINDAD#v=onepage&amp;q=canadian%20kennedys&amp;f=false">Canadian Kennedys</a>," (albeit much to the Kennedy's right on the political spectrum), according to Robyn Doolittle, a journalist who wrote "<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Crazy-Town-The-Ford-Story/dp/067006811X">Crazy Town: The Rob Ford Story</a>," chronicling the rise and fall of the Fords. When John Tory, the current mayor of Toronto, was exploring a bid for the office in 2003, his advisers told him the Ford family were the "gatekeepers of Etobicoke," and that he would have to win their favor in order to gain the much-needed suburban vote, according to <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tlC4AQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT56&amp;lpg=PT56&amp;dq=the+gatekeepers+of+etobicoke+john+tory&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=7U_H6wHYyN&amp;sig=z-MxzyujO49ko2y-mdhlhuV7-do&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0ahUKEwjphd-KitXLAhVBMSYKHV9zBe8Q6AEINDAD#v=onepage&amp;q=the%20gatekeepers%20of%20etobicoke%20john%20tory&amp;f=false">Doolittle</a>. After Doug Sr. died in 2006, his sons - Rob, Doug Jr., and Randy - took over control of Deco, and launched their own political careers. <h2>'Ford Nation'</h2>The former mayor of Toronto before Ford, David Miller, was decidedly representative of the city's core, or the "<a href="https://newrepublic.com/article/131886/rob-ford-died-make-amends">downtown elites</a>," as Ford liked to call them. Miller was educated at Harvard, supported bold public <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transit_City">transit expansion plans</a> (some of which Ford later <a href="http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/toronto/it-was-alive-it-was-dead-and-now-transit-city-is-back-to-life-maybe/article4103267/">killed</a>), and was as latte-sipping, bike-riding, and supportive of the environment as progressives come. His agenda brewed resentment in areas far from Toronto's core that felt left behind.It's important to note that Toronto's suburbs are <a href="http://neoformix.com/Projects/DotMaps/TorontoVisMin.html">extremely diverse</a>. Many immigrants, from places like Somalia, Bangladesh, and the West Indies, call the suburbs home. Couple them with the mostly white voters who live in detached, post-war homes more commonly associated with suburbia, and you get a good sense of "<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/23/world/americas/rob-ford-dies.html">Ford Nation</a>," Ford's voting base.<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image">REUTERS/Mark BlinchToronto's financial district.</div></div></div>Residents of Ford Nation - whatever their ethnicities - saw their hard-earned tax dollars funneled into projects, like bike infrastructure and light rail lines, that they saw as not for them. Unlike Donald Trump, Ford's politics of resentment wasn't just for whites.<h2>'Gravy Train'</h2>Though Ford never finished college, he was a master campaigner. And he was an expert at connecting with average voters. He was the guy people felt they "could have a beer with," as Josh Barro (who's now at Business Insider) wrote for <a href="http://www.bloombergview.com/articles/2013-05-17/the-almost-good-reasons-toronto-elected-rob-ford">Bloomberg View</a> in 2013. After he was elected to city council in 2000, representing Etobicoke's Ward 2 (a ward that contains both Ford's own old-money neighborhood and the infamous <a href="http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/toronto/project-traveller-and-the-dixon-city-bloods/article18737689/?page=all">Dixon Towers</a> housing project) he fought against what he saw as a profligate city government. He answered his phones personally, and he showed up at constituents' doors to help out with small neighborhood issues, writes the <a href="https://beta.thestar.com/news/gta/2016/03/22/why-rob-ford-appealed-to-so-many-in-toronto-james.html">Toronto Star</a>'s Royson James. After three terms on city council, Ford set his sights on the city's highest office - the office formerly occupied by the Harvard-educated Miller.<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image">REUTERS/Mark BlinchFord in the Mayor's chair in city council</div></div></div>During a contentious election battle, Ford defeated George Smitherman, a former Federal MP for Toronto Centre (you can see the pattern). Ford vowed to stop what he called "<a href="http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/the-logic-behind-rob-fords-bid-to-derail-the-gravy-train/article4330594/">the gravy train</a>" at City Hall on the campaign trail.After he won, Ford immediately got to work slashing taxes. His base was thrilled. Quickly, Ford's personal problems came to light. He partied in his office, allegedly had <a href="https://beta.thestar.com/news/city_hall/toronto2014election/2014/03/27/live_ryerson_hosts_mayoral_debate.html">ties to dangerous gangs</a>, and his <a href="http://news.nationalpost.com/toronto/rob-ford-launches-legal-action-over-prostitution-and-crack-claims-in-profane-media-scrum">behavior</a> in front of the media was bizarre to say the least. And while some Torontonians were horrified, his base stuck by him.Ford's erratic behavior culminated in the infamous crack-cocaine video.In May 2013, Gawker's John Cook <a href="http://gawker.com/for-sale-a-video-of-toronto-mayor-rob-ford-smoking-cra-507736569">reported</a> on a video of Ford smoking crack-cocaine in his basement with alleged drug dealers. The resulting media hysteria made Ford a household name beyond Toronto.And in November of the same year, after he publicly admitted to smoking crack, city council voted to <a href="http://globalnews.ca/news/976731/city-begins-transfer-of-mayors-power-staff-from-rob-ford-to-norm-kelly/">transfer</a> his powers, including control over the city's budget to <a href="https://twitter.com/norm?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor">Norm Kelly</a>, the deputy mayor. Ford was <a href="http://bigstory.ap.org/article/4a1dfb5b08e94103ad6afc5a5da18dc4/former-toronto-mayor-rob-ford-dies-after-fighting-cancer">diagnosed with cancer</a> two months shy of the election date during a contentious re-election battle. He bowed out of the race, and his elder brother, Doug stepped in to replace him. The elder Ford eventually lost re-election to John Tory, Toronto's incumbent mayor. It was a somewhat close election, though: Ford only lost by <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2014/10/27/toronto-election-results-2014-john-tory-doug-ford_n_6057022.html">seven points</a>. Rob is survived by his wife, Renata, brother Doug, and two children.

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