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With millions of people across five continents experiencing scorching heat last month, the European Union's (EU) climate agency, Copernicus <keyword id="19907392" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="climate-change" source="keywords">Climate Change</keyword> Service (C3S), confirmed on Monday that June was the warmest on record. It also marked the 12th consecutive month of <keyword id="20524196" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="global-temperatures" source="keywords">global temperatures</keyword> reaching <keyword id="22325521" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="1-5-degrees-Celsius" source="keywords">1.5 degrees Celsius</keyword> above the pre-industrial average. According to scientists at C3S, every month since June last year has been the warmest such month on record. In January, the world completed an entire year with the mean surface air temperature exceeding the 1.5-degree Celsius threshold. June was the 12th consecutive month with monthly average temperatures above the 1850-1900 pre-industrial average. At the 2015 UN climate talks in Paris, world leaders committed to limiting the global average temperature rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius above the pre-industrial period to avoid the worst impacts of climate change. However, a permanent breach of the 1.5-degree Celsius limit specified in the <keyword id="20104670" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Paris-Agreement" source="keywords">Paris Agreement</keyword> refers to long-term warming over a 20 or 30-year period. Earth's global surface temperature has already increased by around 1.2 degrees Celsius compared to the average in 1850-1900 due to the rapidly-increasing concentration of <keyword id="20649149" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="greenhouse-gases" source="keywords">greenhouse gases</keyword> -- primarily carbon dioxide and methane -- in the atmosphere. This warming is considered to be the reason behind record droughts, wildfires and floods worldwide. According to new data, June 2024 was the warmest on record, with an average surface air temperature of 16.66 degrees Celsius, 0.67 degrees Celsius above the 1991-2020 average for the month and 0.14 degrees Celsius above the previous high set in June 2023. "The month was 1.5 degrees Celsius above the estimated June average for 1850-1900, the designated pre-industrial reference period, making it the 12th consecutive month to reach or break the 1.5-degree threshold," C3S said in a statement. It was also the 13th consecutive month of <keyword id="21477127" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="record-high-temperatures" source="keywords">record-high temperatures</keyword>, a result of the combined effect of the 2023-24 El Nino event and human-caused climate change. While unusual, a similar streak of monthly global temperature records happened previously in 2015-16. "This is more than a statistical oddity and highlights a large and continuing shift in our climate. Even if this specific streak of extremes ends at some point, we are bound to see new records being broken as the climate continues to warm. This is inevitable, unless we stop adding greenhouse gases into the atmosphere and the oceans," said Carlo Buontempo, the director of C3S. The European climate agency said the global average temperature for the last 12 months (July 2023-June 2024) is the highest on record, at 0.76 degrees Celsius above the 1991-2020 average and 1.64 degrees Celsius above the 1850-1900 pre-industrial average. The world's sea surface in June was also the highest ever recorded for the month. Several countries experienced record-breaking heat and devastating floods and storms in June. According to an analysis by Climate Central, an independent group of scientists and communicators based in the United States, more than 60 per cent of the world population faced extreme heat that was made at least three times more likely by climate change during June 16-24. Climate Central said the blistering heat in June impacted 619 million (61.9 crore) people in India, 579 million (57.9 crore) in China, 231 million (23.1 crore) in Indonesia, 206 million (20.6 crore) in Nigeria, 176 million (17.6 crore) in Brazil, 171 million (17.1 crore) in Bangladesh, 165 million (16.5 crore) in the US, 152 million (15.2 crore) in Europe, 123 million (12.3 crore) in Mexico, 121 million (12.1 crore) in Ethiopia and 103 million (10.3 crore) in Egypt. According to the India Meteorological Department (IMD), northwest India recorded its warmest June since 1901. India, which experienced one of its hottest and longest heatwaves, recorded more than 40,000 suspected heatstroke cases and over 100 heat-related deaths. The intense heat overwhelmed the water supply system and power grids, with Delhi grappling with a severe water crisis. According to the IMD, 11 states recorded 20 to 38 heatwave days -- up to four times the usual number of such days -- during the April-to-June period. The mercury breached 50 degrees Celsius in parts of Rajasthan, with night temperatures hovering around 35 degrees Celsius in many places. Temperatures were most above average over eastern Canada, the western United States and Mexico, Brazil, northern Siberia, the Middle East, northern Africa, and western Antarctica. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/telecom/news/reliance-jio-ipo-mukesh-ambani-led-telco-might-be-gearing-up-for-indias-biggest-ipo/articleshow/111519009.cms">Reliance Jio IPO – Mukesh Ambani-led telco might be gearing up for India’s biggest IPO</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/telecom/news/jio-vs-airtel-vs-vi-prepaid-plans-comparison-plan-benefits-and-price-comparison-after-tariff-hike/articleshow/111512587.cms">Jio vs Airtel vs Vi recharge plans comparison – plan benefits and price comparison after tariff hike</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/hp-envy-x360-14-review/articleshow/111407165.cms">HP Envy x360 14 review – feature-packed laptop with a sleek design</a>

June warmest on record; every month since July 2023 breached 1.5 deg C threshold

New Delhi, About 90 per cent of the Himalayan Region will experience drought lasting over a year if global warming increases by 3 degrees Celsius, according to new research. The findings, published in the journal Climatic Change, show that 80 per cent of the increased human exposure to heat stress in <keyword id="19895063" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="india" source="keywords">India</keyword> can be avoided by adhering to Paris Agreement's temperature goals of limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius, compared to 3 degrees Celsius warming. The team led by researchers at the University of East Anglia (<keyword id="20773290" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="uea" source="keywords">UEA</keyword>) in the UK quantified how climate change risks to human and natural systems increase at a national scale as the level of global warming increases. A collection of eight studies -- all focusing on India, Brazil, China, Egypt, Ethiopia, and Ghana -- shows that the risks of drought, flooding, declines in crop yields, and loss of biodiversity and natural capital greatly increase for each additional degree of global warming. It found that in India pollination is reduced by half at 3-4 degrees global warming compared to a quarter reduction at 1.5 degrees. Limiting warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius allows half the country to act as a refuge for biodiversity, compared with 6 per cent at 3 degrees, the researchers said. The team found very large increases in the exposure of agricultural land to drought with 3 degrees Celsius warming - more than 50 per cent of the agricultural land in each of the countries studied is projected to be exposed to severe droughts of longer than one year over a 30-year period. However, limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius would reduce the increase in exposure of agricultural land to drought by between 21 per cent (India) and 61 per cent (Ethiopia) as well as reduce economic damages due to fluvial flooding. This happens when rivers and streams break their banks and the water flows out onto the adjacent low-lying areas. Avoided increases in human exposure to severe drought are also 20-80 per cent lower at 1.5 degrees Celsius than 3 degrees Celsius across the six countries, the researchers said. Economic damages associated with sea-level rise are projected to increase in coastal nations, but more slowly if warming was limited to 1.5 degrees Celsius, they said. The researchers warned that more effort is needed to reduce global warming, as currently the policies in place globally are likely to result in 3 degrees Celsius of global warming. One paper explored the risks to plants and vertebrates due to increases in global warming, and another developed a new natural capital risk register for each of the six countries that also included the projected changes in the risk stemming from future human population changes. This combination shows that many areas in the six countries are already at high natural capital risk at 1.5 degrees Celsius when effects of increasing human population are accounted for. The findings also showed that an expansion of protected area networks is necessary in order to deliver climate resilient biodiversity conservation. "The results presented in this collection confirm the need for the implementation of climate policies aligned to the Paris Agreement limits if widespread and escalating climate change risk is to be avoided," said lead author of the paper, Professor <keyword id="20773288" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="rachel-warren" source="keywords">Rachel Warren</keyword>, from the UEA. "They provide additional confirmation of the rapid escalation of climate change risks with global warming found in the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change (IPCC) 2022 report, which identifies how the risk of severe consequences increases with every additional increment of global warming," <keyword id="20540591" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="warren" source="keywords">Warren</keyword> said. Although these studies focus on the risks to six countries only, other nations are projected to experience similar issues, the researchers said. Greater emphasis needs to be placed on both climate change mitigation and climate change adaptation to avoid large increases in risk to both human and natural systems, they said. "For example, a good way to combat the effects of climate change on natural systems and soak up carbon from the atmosphere is to restore ecosystems to their natural state, especially if warming can be held to 2 degrees Celsius or less. This has the additional benefit of restoring the natural capital bank in these areas," said study co-author <keyword id="20773289" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="jeff-price" source="keywords">Jeff Price</keyword>, also from the UEA. The work focuses on developing countries as they tend to be more vulnerable to climate change than others.  Spanning the continents of Asia, Africa, and South America, the case studies present examples of both large and small countries and cover a range of levels of socioeconomic development. The risks assessed are the additional risks due to anthropogenic or human-induced climate change corresponding to the elevated global warming in comparison with a baseline of levels of risk in 1961-1990, when warming was approximately 0.3 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. Together the studies provide a harmonised assessment for the six countries of projected changes in exposure of humans and land to climate-related hazards, such as drought, water stress, fluvial and coastal flooding, and the projected effects of climate change on biodiversity, as well as the economic and societal implications of climate risks.

About 90% of Himalayas will face year-long drought at 3 degrees warming says new study

Climate Action 15: 2024's top global innovators powering green solutions

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Climate scientists officially named 2023 the hottest year on record dating back to 1850.</li><li>Data from ancient ice cores and tree rings suggest the world hasn't been this warm in 100,000 years.</li><li>Greenhouse gas pollution is the main cause of rising heat, but other factors are being investigated.</li></ul>Anyone who made it through <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/last-three-months-on-earth-were-the-hottest-on-record-2023-9">2023's scorching summer</a> won't be surprised to learn that last year was the hottest on record. But climate scientists who track these trends were still shocked by <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/what-climate-change-crisis-extreme-weather-is-costing-you-2023-9">how high temperatures soared</a>.Europe's Copernicus Climate Change Service <a target="_blank" href="https://climate.copernicus.eu/global-climate-highlights-2023">made the official call</a> this week. The planet's average temperature was 1.48 degrees Celsius warmer than the preindustrial era was more than a century ago. The new average topped the record set in 2016. Most alarming, the year-over-year jump was the largest scientists have recorded.Carlo Buontempo, the service's director, said evidence suggests the world hasn't been this warm in 100,000 years, meaning no cities, farms, or other parts of modern society have ever endured this heat."This calls for a fundamental rethink of the way in which we assess our environmental risk," Buontempo said <a target="_blank" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FNQdnsMIDbI">during a press call Tuesday</a>, "as our history is no longer a good proxy for the unprecedented climate we're already experiencing."The scorching heat is exacerbating <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/climate-crisis-forcing-red-cross-to-expand-disaster-recovery-2023-8">natural disasters</a>, which the insurer Munich Re estimated <a target="_blank" href="https://www.munichre.com/en/company/media-relations/media-information-and-corporate-news/media-information/2024/natural-disaster-figures-2023.html">cost the global economy $250 billion last year</a>.Copernicus scientists answered many burning questions from reporters. Here are my top three:<h2>What made 2023 so hot?</h2>The main cause was all the greenhouse-gas emissions entering the atmosphere from burning fossil fuels for energy, transportation, and other industries, Buontempo said. These emissions trap heat, the vast majority of which <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/record-ocean-temperatures-california-heat-atmospheric-river-storms-santa-cruz-2023-1">is absorbed by oceans</a>.Another contributor to the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/extreme-heat-cost-the-global-economy-an-estimated-16-trillion-2023-8">record heat</a> was El Niño, a natural climate pattern that warms the Pacific Ocean. It began in early July, making July and August the hottest months of the year. El Niño is expected to peak this month or next. This is partly why scientists expect 2024 to be even hotter than 2023.But the Copernicus climate scientists said that these weren't the only factors and that some required more research. They pointed to unusual marine heat waves beyond the Pacific; Antarctic sea ice that temporarily reached record lows; and an underwater volcano that erupted in 2022 near Tonga, an island in the Pacific, and spewed water vapor — a powerful greenhouse gas — into the atmosphere. They also said it was unclear <a target="_blank" href="https://atmosphere.copernicus.eu/aerosols-are-so2-emissions-reductions-contributing-global-warming">whether the shipping industry's</a> efforts to reduce emissions were having the counterintuitive effect of worsening the climate crisis.<h2>How do scientists know what the climate was like 100,000 years ago?</h2>Samantha Burgess, Copernicus' deputy director, said scientists at the organization look at recent data from satellites; global temperature records dating back to 1850; and archival "paleoclimate and proxy data" from deep-sea sediments, coral skeletons, tree rings, and ice cores around the world."The last time global temperatures were this high there were no satellites," Burgess said.Scientists have measured the concentration of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane in ancient ice cores and other natural sources — those samples create a record of what the atmosphere was like tens of thousands of years ago.<h2>Does this mean global climate goals are unreachable?</h2>No. Countries are aiming to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius above preindustrial levels, as set out in the 2015 Paris Climate Agreement. While the average temperature in 2023 was dangerously close to that threshold, one year of data isn't enough to call the climate deal a failure. There would need to be a long-term trend.Under the guidelines from the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, if the global average temperature were to hold at more than 1.5 degrees above preindustrial levels for at least two decades, the signatory countries would have failed to uphold their promise."We are likely to overshoot 1.5 degrees," Burgess said. "That's basic physics of the system and the amount of warming that is locked into the system. However, the reality is that every single fraction of a degree matters."However, some researchers say that if there isn't a steep drop in emissions this decade, that 1.5-degree goal will likely be a lost cause.

The world hasn't been this warm in 100,000 years 

<ul class="summary-list"><li><keyword id="11896865" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="democrats" source="Orion">Democrats</keyword> are lighting up Manchin after he moved to obstruct their <keyword id="12002886" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="climate" source="Orion">climate</keyword> agenda.</li><li>One Senate Democrat "questioned" whether Manchin should chair a key energy panel.</li></ul>Some fellow Senate Democrats have had enough of <keyword id="11930702" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="joe-manchin" source="Orion">Joe Manchin</keyword>.A pair of his colleagues tore into the West Virginian on Friday after he dealt a serious blow to President Joe Biden's economic agenda, dispensing with the traditional deference lawmakers usually grant each other in favor of scorching attacks on his resistance to address the climate emergency."We have an opportunity to address the climate crisis right now," Sen. Martin Heinrich of New Mexico wrote on Twitter. "Senator Manchin's refusal to act is infuriating. It makes me question why he's Chair of ENR."The attacks come after Manchin told top Democrats he <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/wapo-manchin-wont-support-new-climate-spending-tax-hikes-2022-7">would not support a bill</a> before August that included new climate spending, like clean energy tax credits and incentives to get Americans to buy electric vehicles. Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez of New York backed up Heinrich, thanking him for calling out Manchin and described it as courageous.Sen. Tina Smith of Minnesota, who has strongly pushed for transitioning to electric vehicles, assailed Manchin as well."It's infuriating and nothing short of tragic that Senator Manchin is walking away, again, from taking essential action on climate and clean energy," the Minnesota Democrat said in a statement. "The world is literally burning up while he joins every single Republican to stop strong action to cut emissions and speed the transition to clean energy for the survival of our planet, clean air and health, energy independence, and lower energy prices."The US is bound to miss President Joe Biden's goal of slashing emissions in half by the end of the decade if <keyword id="11893699" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="congress" source="Orion">Congress</keyword> doesn't address climate. It's a target meant to restrain <keyword id="6366055" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="global-warming" source="Orion">global warming</keyword> at 1.5 degrees Celsius, the threshold in which severe storms, droughts, and floods <a href="https://www.npr.org/2021/11/08/1052198840/1-5-degrees-warming-climate-change">becomes far more likely</a>. The planet has already warmed 1.1 degrees Celsius.Manchin has signaled that he would not support including the Democrats' climate and clean energy policies in a reconciliation bill before the August recess. That's the legislative maneuver Democrats are employing to approve it on their own without Republicans in the 50-50 Senate.On Friday, Manchin cautioned that he is still negotiating with Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer but he wants to take another pause to review how the current decades-high level of inflation stands over the next month. He suggested he'd be open to either passing a skinny bill that slashed prescription drugs and extended Obamacare subsidies now or a larger climate, energy and healthcare package if it's a "good" bill in early September.Henrich's comment about Manchin's chairmanship of the Senate Energy and Resources Committee illustrates the ever-deepening frustration among some of his colleagues. It is not unprecedented for party leaders to strip a defiant member of prime post, though that has become less common in recent years.

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June warmest on record; every month since July 2023 breached 1.5 deg C threshold

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